粉垄栽培对水稻产量和品质的影响

【目的】探索农耕新方法粉垄栽培水稻的可行性及其对水稻产量和品质的影响。【方法】以Y两优1号,汕小占为供试材料,传统翻耕浆耙栽培为对照(CK),进行早稻粉垄栽培和晚稻免耕抛秧栽培试验,对相关性状和产量、品质进行调查和测定;并对粉垄后第三造轻耕种植水稻的产量及土壤的紧实度进行调查。【结果】粉垄栽培与CK相比,早造粉垄稻田耕层厚度加深7 cm,土壤速效养分多数指标增加10%以上,水稻总根数量及白根数量分别增加14.83%—25.36%、20.18%—97.78%,稻株生物产量增加29.96%—31.89%,结实率增加7.62%,稻谷产量增加23.87%,整精米率、蛋白质分别增加15.95%、14.61%;晚造免耕抛秧比CK的总根数量和白根数量分别增加6.02%—22.75%、48.03%—65.91%,产量增加9.25%,整精米率、蛋白质分别增加7.43%、5.61%;早晚两造合计增产16.48%,增加收入6 706.5元/hm2;粉垄后第三造轻耕种植水稻收获时耕作层土壤的紧实度比对照降低68.00%—333.33%,产量增加7.97%。【结论】粉垄栽培水稻,当造和后一造免耕均可行,均能提高稻谷产量和改善稻米品质,增加纯收益;粉垄后第三造仍能提高稻谷产量,粉垄后稻田具有持续增产能力。

Fenlong Cultivation-the Fourth Set of Farming Methods Invented in China

The basic theory and effect of the new farming method of ＂Fenlong＂ cultivation which has been included in the main extension technology of Ministry of Agriculture of the People＇s Republic of China is fully illustrated for the first time, and it is the fourth set （generation） of farming modes and methods following manpower, animal and mechanical （tractor） farming. It follows the natural law to achieve soil activation, water saving, oxygen increase, warming and desalination through the active use of natural resources like soil, rainfall and solar energy, thereby promoting a new round of natural agricultural production and quality improvement and water con- servation, which has crop yield increase by 10%-30%, quality improvement of 5%, natural precipitation retaining increase by100%. The characteristics and mechanism are the use of spiral drill for one-time completion of the land preparation by drilling vertically to 30-50 cm of soil layer through high speed peeling. After instant high temperature and many fierce impacts, mechanical frictions, it could achieve the multiplication of the number of loose soil, soil physical modification and expansion of the soil nutrients, reservoirs, oxygen, microorganisms （＂Four pools＂）. Fenlong cultivation can give birth to new farming culture and civilization, and it can achieve the physical ＂desalinized＂ transformation and utilization of saline soil. The formation of Fenlong green farming technology system makes it possible to invent the farming tools of ＂serf-propelled Fenlong machinery＂ that has got the patent, and it is the method for farmland （dry land, paddy field） Fenlong cultivation, saline-alkali soil smash-ridging cultivation and for the abundance of grass ecology on degraded grassland. The application of Fenlong ＂4＋1＂ （arable, saline-alkali soil, grasslands, Sponge City＋rivers） green development in China can achieve the ＂double safety＂ of food and living space.