平阳霉素诱导小麦农艺性状变异的研究

用浓度20μg/ml的平阳霉素溶液,在小麦孕穗初期进行叶脉注射,约1ml/株。对晋麦2148、福繁17和绵阳35的处理结果表明,在3个品种的M2均出现了明显的矮秆、熟期、籽粒颜色等性状变异;这些变异在不同遗传背景的品种处理中出现的类型不同,频率也有差异;经M2选择后,在M3,绝大多数变异株系的穗长、穗粒数、千粒重等变异性状已能稳定遗传,而有部分株系的株高和熟期两个变异性状仍在分离。

小麦未熟胚离体培养的研究──再生植株后代主要农艺性状变异的遗传稳定性

在已有研究的基础上，进一步研究胚培再生植株后代主要农艺性状变异的可遗传性及在小麦品种改良中利用的前景．结果表明，早熟及大粒性有很强的遗传力，株高也是可遗传的，所有性状在ＩＥ３代趋于稳定，ＩＥ４代完全稳定．某些优良的变异材料可直接应用于生产．

小麦未熟胚离体培养的研究——再生植株后代(IE_2)主要农艺性状变异分析

本试验采用在田间条件下栽培的6个不同基因型的未熟胚培再生植株后代(IE_2),分析其主要农艺性状的表现。结果表明,在成熟期、株高、产量性状以及抗病性方面均表现明显变异。但基因型间反应不同。同一基因型的株系间或同一株系内仍存在分离。IE_2代所观察到的表型变异在以后世代中的遗传稳定性和选择利用尚待进一步研究。

大蒜主要农艺性状变异特征及其与产量相关构成

大蒜是无性繁殖的作物,利用常规的方法很难去创造新的品种,因此大蒜新品种的培育是个难题。本文主要通过对大蒜的农艺性状的分析,探索出影响大蒜的产量的重要的农艺性状,以此来充分利用现有的资源,促进优质大蒜的培育。

中国绿豆核心种质资源在不同环境下的表型变异及生态适应性评价

明确我国绿豆种质资源在不同生态条件下的表型变异及生态适应性,可有效提高其在遗传育种中的利用效率。本研究分别在北京海淀、河北唐山和河南南阳3个生态环境下开展了绿豆核心种质农艺性状的评价。结果表明,绿豆生长习性、结荚习性受生态环境的影响较大,其中仅39.4%的种质在3个试点均表现直立生长;并非所有直立生长的种质均具有限结荚习性。绿豆核心种质在各试点均能成熟,但生育期、株高、主茎分枝等数量性状在试点间差异较大;不同种质在试点间的变化趋势存在差异,并据此筛选出适宜不同生态区域的优异种质26份,以备当地生产利用。混合线性模型分析表明,不同性状的基因型、环境互作等效应存在差异,其中基因型效应在荚长(0.57)、百粒重(0.51)的变异中占重要比率,环境效应在生育期(0.39)的变异中占较大比例,而剩余效应则是主茎分枝(0.62)、单株荚数(0.53)、单荚粒数(0.70)等性状的重要影响因子。最后根据不同绿豆种质农艺性状对生态条件反应的差异,筛选出综合农艺性状均具一定环境稳定性的种质4份,以供广适性育种利用。

RITSD Analysis of the Agronomic Traits of Somaclonal in Rice

[Objective]The aim was to study the sensitive response characteristics of the main agronomic traits of somaclonal and the variation of sensitive response of the lines of somaclonal to sowing date. [Method]The RITSD changing of agronomic traits was studied by using 24 rice somaclonal and its donor parent under two sowing dates. [Result]The average values of RITSD were higher （over one） for the traits of pant height （PH）,density of spikelets （DS）,filled spikelets per panicle （FSP）,spikelets per panicle （SP） and grain weight per plant （GWP）,but lower for days of sowing to heading （DSH）,effective panicles （EP）,panicle length （PL）,seed setting rate （SS） and 1 000-grain weight （1 000-GW）. These showed that PH,DS,FSP,SP and GWP were easily affected by sowing date and tended to higher with the later sowing; the RITSD of somaclonal changed with the agronomic traits. The frequency of RITSD＇ variation of DSH and PH was higher than that of PL. The RITSD＇ value of EP,PL,DS,FSP,SP and SS became higher,and higher or lower for DSH and GWP in different somaclonal; compared with the donor,20 of 24 was significantly different,and the frequency of RITSD variation was over 83. 3%,however,RITSD of the most lines （75%） changed only for 1-2 characters; cluster analysis showed that the RITSD of agronomic traits belonged to different combinations of somaclonal in rice. [Conclusion]the study had provided a theoretical basis for the screening and using of the somaclonal.

Variation of Agronomic Characters of F_2 of Predominance Cotton Combination and Its Utilization Evaluation

The agronomic property of elite cotton hybrid F2 was studied and the results showed that each investigated trait showed consecutive normal distribution except micronaire,so they were typically quantitative characters controlled by micro-effect polygene.Heterosis analysis indicated that the inbreeding depression of F2 generation was significant,and the heterosis was less than F1 in yield and its component traits,but the yield of F2 generation was prior to the control.Heterosis of most fiber property was very low,some of which were negatively significant.The entire variations indicated that the segregation of fiber property trait was objective and abundant in F2 population.

Effects on Agronomic Traits of M_1 by Pollen of Upland Cotton Irradiated by ^(60)Co-γ Ray

[Objective] The aim was to provide reference for research on radiation and breeding of cotton pollen through irradiating common ripe pollen grain of upland cotton by 60Co-γ Ray of varied doses. [Method] Ripe pollen grains of upland cotton were irradiated by 60Co-γ Ray with doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy, respectively, to learn radiation effect and select appropriate dose. [Result] Most properties of M1 obviously showed variation when dose was over 10 Gy; vitality, growth, and fertility were greatly inhibited when dose was 15 Gy which was almost semi-lethal concentration, and variation species were richest at the same time, which provided materi- als for practical breeding. [Conclusion] 60Co-γ Ray of 15 Gy is more suitable for mutagenesis research on ripe pollen grains of upland cotton.

激光生物学

Q631.29 2002031790Nd:YAG激光辐照花生种子的生物学效应=Biologicaleffects of laser irradiation on peanut seeds[刊,中]/欧琳,陈荣,林彤（福建师范大学物理系.福建,福州（350007））,曾雅娟,肖华山（福建师范大学生物系.福建,福州（350007））,庄伟建,蔡来龙（福建农业大学作物科学院.福建,福州（350006））//光电子·激光.-2001,12（7）.-751-753研究了用Nd:YAG（1060nm）激光辐照花生种子后其F1代的细胞生物学效应和农艺性状变异。结果表明,在功率密度为35.84W/cm2情况下。