Objective To observe the seasonal changes in serum levels of interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6) and melatonin(MT) in Bizheng rat model, and explore the relationship between MT and the pathogenesis of rheu...Objective To observe the seasonal changes in serum levels of interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6) and melatonin(MT) in Bizheng rat model, and explore the relationship between MT and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods One hundred and sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups in summer(n=80) and winter(n=80) respectively: normal group, collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) model group, operation group, and sham-operation group(n=20 in each group). The CIA model group was injected with collagen emulsion at the base of the tail to induce arthritis. The rats in the operation group received pineal gland resection, and 7 days after the first operation, underwent testectomy or oophorectomy. The rats in the sham-operation group were operated to ligature the sagittal sinus, without extracting the pineal gland. After the operations, the operation group and the sham-operation group both were immunized as the CIA group was. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MT in different groups were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with the normal group, the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 increased in the CIA model, operation, and sham-operation groups both in summer and in winter(IL-1β in summer, P=0.008, P<0.01, P=0.012; IL-1β in winter, P=0.019, P<0.01, P=0.027; IL-6 in summer, P=0.028, P<0.01, P=0.024; IL-6 in winter, P=0.006, P<0.01, P=0.008). In the operation group, the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in winter were higher than in summer, but with no statistically significant differences(P=0.844, 0.679). Compared with the normal group, the serum level of MT significantly increased in summer and winter in both the CIA model group(P=0.002, 0.008) and the sham-operation group(P=0.003, 0.007), while significantly decreased in the operation group(P=0.023, 0.003). There was no significant difference in MT level in the operation group between summer and winter(P=0.947). Conclusions The increase of serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 may exacerbate the inflammatoryreaction and cause a more severe condition in the rheumatoid arthritis. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and MT correspond with the change of seasons, confirming that there are connections between nature and human body.展开更多
In this study, the authors simulate the East Asian climate changes in the mid-Pliocene (～3.3 to 3.0 Ma BP) with the Community Atmosphere Model version 3.1 (CAM3.1) and compare the simulated East Asian monsoon with pa...In this study, the authors simulate the East Asian climate changes in the mid-Pliocene (～3.3 to 3.0 Ma BP) with the Community Atmosphere Model version 3.1 (CAM3.1) and compare the simulated East Asian monsoon with paleoclimate data. The simulations show an obvious warming pattern in East Asia in the mid-Pliocene compared with the pre-industrial climate, with surface air temperature increasing by 0.5 4.0°C. In the warm mid-Pliocene simulation, the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) becomes stronger, while the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) is similar relative to the pre-industrial climate. Compared with the paleoclimate data, our simulations depict the intensified EASM well but cannot reproduce the weakened EAWM. This model-data discrepancy may be attributed to the uncertainty in the reconstructed mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature.展开更多
Asian dust storms have long been a major environmental concern in China,affecting the lives of about one billion people.However,it is unclear whether the mechanisms responsible for Asian dust storms during the Holocen...Asian dust storms have long been a major environmental concern in China,affecting the lives of about one billion people.However,it is unclear whether the mechanisms responsible for Asian dust storms during the Holocene varied on different timescales,and thus it is unclear whether there was a shift from a natural forcing to an anthropogenic forcing of dust storms.We reconstructed a high-resolution Holocene record of dust storms from the sediments of an undisturbed alpine lake on the Chinese Loess Plateau.We found that Asian dust storm activity generally increased during the Holocene,with the largest fluctuations occurring during the past 2000 years.The increase in dust storm activity was in contrast to the decrease in East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM)intensity during the Holocene,indicating that the EAWM played a limited role in modulating dust storms.By contrast,the increase in dust storms corresponded to a decrease in East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)precipitation.This demonstrates that EASM precipitation was the dominant control of dust storm activity on a millennial timescale,because decreased EASM precipitation expanded the desert area and thus increased the dust storm activity.The increasing intensity of human activity in the region since the Bronze Age resulted in an acceleration of dust storm activity against the background of decreased EASM precipitation.As human disturbance continued to intensify,beginning at least at~2 cal ka BP,increased dust storms were closely linked to increasing human populations in the dust source regions,and there is a strong temporal coherence between increased dust storms and higher EASM precipitation.This was completely different from when natural processes are dominant.During that period,fewer dust storms occurred during periods of a strengthened EASM.Therefore,there was a shift from a natural forcing to an anthropogenic forcing of dust storms on a multi-decadal to centennial timescale,and was a mode in which‘‘human activity overtook the EASM as the dominant control of the Earth surface system”.展开更多
基金Supported by the Autonomous Subject of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(JYB22)the Gasification Theory Innovation Team Funding of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(JS011)
文摘Objective To observe the seasonal changes in serum levels of interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6) and melatonin(MT) in Bizheng rat model, and explore the relationship between MT and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods One hundred and sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups in summer(n=80) and winter(n=80) respectively: normal group, collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) model group, operation group, and sham-operation group(n=20 in each group). The CIA model group was injected with collagen emulsion at the base of the tail to induce arthritis. The rats in the operation group received pineal gland resection, and 7 days after the first operation, underwent testectomy or oophorectomy. The rats in the sham-operation group were operated to ligature the sagittal sinus, without extracting the pineal gland. After the operations, the operation group and the sham-operation group both were immunized as the CIA group was. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MT in different groups were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with the normal group, the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 increased in the CIA model, operation, and sham-operation groups both in summer and in winter(IL-1β in summer, P=0.008, P<0.01, P=0.012; IL-1β in winter, P=0.019, P<0.01, P=0.027; IL-6 in summer, P=0.028, P<0.01, P=0.024; IL-6 in winter, P=0.006, P<0.01, P=0.008). In the operation group, the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in winter were higher than in summer, but with no statistically significant differences(P=0.844, 0.679). Compared with the normal group, the serum level of MT significantly increased in summer and winter in both the CIA model group(P=0.002, 0.008) and the sham-operation group(P=0.003, 0.007), while significantly decreased in the operation group(P=0.023, 0.003). There was no significant difference in MT level in the operation group between summer and winter(P=0.947). Conclusions The increase of serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 may exacerbate the inflammatoryreaction and cause a more severe condition in the rheumatoid arthritis. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and MT correspond with the change of seasons, confirming that there are connections between nature and human body.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB421406)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX2-YW-Q1-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(4090205 and 40975050)
文摘In this study, the authors simulate the East Asian climate changes in the mid-Pliocene (～3.3 to 3.0 Ma BP) with the Community Atmosphere Model version 3.1 (CAM3.1) and compare the simulated East Asian monsoon with paleoclimate data. The simulations show an obvious warming pattern in East Asia in the mid-Pliocene compared with the pre-industrial climate, with surface air temperature increasing by 0.5 4.0°C. In the warm mid-Pliocene simulation, the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) becomes stronger, while the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) is similar relative to the pre-industrial climate. Compared with the paleoclimate data, our simulations depict the intensified EASM well but cannot reproduce the weakened EAWM. This model-data discrepancy may be attributed to the uncertainty in the reconstructed mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41790421,41722105,41988101)。
文摘Asian dust storms have long been a major environmental concern in China,affecting the lives of about one billion people.However,it is unclear whether the mechanisms responsible for Asian dust storms during the Holocene varied on different timescales,and thus it is unclear whether there was a shift from a natural forcing to an anthropogenic forcing of dust storms.We reconstructed a high-resolution Holocene record of dust storms from the sediments of an undisturbed alpine lake on the Chinese Loess Plateau.We found that Asian dust storm activity generally increased during the Holocene,with the largest fluctuations occurring during the past 2000 years.The increase in dust storm activity was in contrast to the decrease in East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM)intensity during the Holocene,indicating that the EAWM played a limited role in modulating dust storms.By contrast,the increase in dust storms corresponded to a decrease in East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)precipitation.This demonstrates that EASM precipitation was the dominant control of dust storm activity on a millennial timescale,because decreased EASM precipitation expanded the desert area and thus increased the dust storm activity.The increasing intensity of human activity in the region since the Bronze Age resulted in an acceleration of dust storm activity against the background of decreased EASM precipitation.As human disturbance continued to intensify,beginning at least at~2 cal ka BP,increased dust storms were closely linked to increasing human populations in the dust source regions,and there is a strong temporal coherence between increased dust storms and higher EASM precipitation.This was completely different from when natural processes are dominant.During that period,fewer dust storms occurred during periods of a strengthened EASM.Therefore,there was a shift from a natural forcing to an anthropogenic forcing of dust storms on a multi-decadal to centennial timescale,and was a mode in which‘‘human activity overtook the EASM as the dominant control of the Earth surface system”.
