论舞台行动三要素在话剧表演中的作用——以饰演话剧《结婚》中的冬子形象为例

舞台行动三要素在话剧表演过程中占有非常重要的地位。在表演过程中,演员必须厘清舞台行动三要素,即"做什么""为什么""怎么做"的相互关系。基于此,演员对剧本规定情境进行整体把握的同时,还要在舞台行动带来的变化上进行舞台交流,更要正确把握舞台行动三要素,即厘清剧本中角色的最高任务和寻找角色舞台行动的依据,这样才能更好地饰演人物角色。

冬奇子口服液延缓皮肤衰老的实验研究

目的探讨冬奇子口服液对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠皮肤组织衰老程度的影响及其延缓衰老的作用。方法选用昆明种小鼠50只,雌雄各半,随机分为冬奇子口服液低、中、高剂量组(剂量分别为0.1,0.2,0.3 ml/20 g),模型组和正常对照组;除正常对照组注射等量生理盐水外,其他组均采用颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖(剂量为0.1 ml/20 g)法复制亚急性衰老模型,连续42 d。各给药组造模的同时皮肤涂布给药,42 d后取各组小鼠背部皮肤检测含水量、羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果冬奇子口服液可保持皮肤组织水分,明显提高亚急性衰老小鼠皮肤中SOD活性以及HYP含量,并使皮肤MDA含量降低。结论冬奇子口服液具有延缓皮肤衰老作用。

冬奇子口服液总黄酮含量测定及稳定性研究

目的：以麦冬、五味子等药材为主药的冬奇子口服液,对其进行质量标准和稳定性的研究。方法：采用紫外分光光度法对冬奇子口服液中的成分——黄酮进行含量测定;建立了该制剂中黄酮的含量测定方法。对冬奇子口服液做影响因素实验,测定其在高温、高湿和光照条件下的稳定性。结果：用紫外分光光度计测定黄酮的含量,结果：黄酮的线性范围6～32μg/m L,相关系数r=0.9993,加样平均回收率98.35%（n=5）,RSD=1.35%,样品中黄酮的平均含量为20.95%;稳定性实验结果表明,口服液在高温、高湿和光照下稳定。结论：冬奇子口服液质量标准科学可控,制剂稳定。

冬奇子口服液抗衰老的实验研究

目的:观察冬奇子口服液的抗衰老作用。方法:冬奇子口服液连续灌胃14d,进行小鼠免疫器官重量实验。另取小鼠50只,建立亚急性衰老模型,连续灌胃40d,检测血清SOD活性和MDA含量。结果:冬奇子口服液能增加正常小鼠免疫器官重量,采用D-半乳糖皮下注射40d后,检测到小鼠血清中的SOD活性明显下降和MDA含量明显升高(P<0.05),说明成功制备出衰老模型。灌胃冬奇子口服液后,检测到小鼠血清中的SOD活性显著升高和MDA含量显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:冬奇子口服液对延缓小鼠、D-半乳糖致衰方面有一定功效。

冬奇子口服液的研制及质量标准的研究

目的:优选枸杞、五味子、麦冬最佳提取工艺,制成"冬奇子"口服液。并对其中的主要化学成分进行定性、定量分析,制定出口服液的质量标准。方法:采用超声波-水提法,对药物有效成分进行提取分离,用薄层层析和纸层析等对有效成分进行了分析。结果:制成"冬奇子"口服液,颜色为深棕色、澄明,无刺激性。结论:由超声波-水提法所制得的"冬奇子"口服液的制备工艺和质量标准科学合理。方法可行,制剂质量稳定。

冬奇子口服液的研制及质量标准的探讨

目的 :以枸杞子、五味子、麦冬等为主药研制“冬奇子”口服液。并对其中的化学成分进行分离分析 ,制定出口服液的质量标准。方法 :采用超声波——醇提取水沉淀法 ,对药物有效成分进行提取分离 ,用 TL C法、化学法等对有效成分进行了分析。结果 :制成“冬奇子”口服液 ,颜色橘黄、澄明 ,无刺激性。结论 :由超声波——醇提水沉法所制得的“冬奇子”口服液质量合格。标准真实、准确、可靠。

冬奇子口服液对小鼠肝损伤保护作用的研究

目的通过建立四氯化碳(CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察冬奇子口服液对肝损伤的的保护作用,并初步探讨冬奇子口服液的保肝机制。方法将50只ICR小鼠随机分为5组:对照组,CCl4致肝损伤模型组,低、中、高剂量的冬奇子给药组(1、2.5、5g/kg)。各组连续给药7 d,末次给药1h后,正常组腹腔注射调和油,其余各组腹腔注射0.1%CCl4调和油溶液(10 ml/kg),18 h后测定血清丙氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),肝组织丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。结果低、中、高剂量的冬奇子给药组与肝损伤模型组比较,血清ALT分别降低16.27%(<0.05)、64.96%(<0.01)和113.77%(<0.01);血清AST分别降低33.79%(<0.05)、61.20%(<0.01)和87.31%(<0.01);肝组织MDA含量分别降低28.27%(<0.05)、65.74%(<0.01)和108.89%(<0.01);肝组织SOD活性分别增加13.82%(>0.05)、27.31%(<0.05)和40.73%(<0.05)。结论冬奇子口服液对肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与减少肝组织脂质过氧反应,增强SOD的抗自由基的能力有关。

冬虫草子实体菌种提纯复壮技术研究

从野生冬虫草菌株中获取菌种,经人工驯化栽培,冬虫草(子实体)在生产实践中普遍出现传种几代后菌种严重退化的现象,通过菌种提纯复壮前后菌丝生长情况和子实体栽培情况的对比,结果证明不断对菌种进行提纯复壮,使菌种保持原有品种的遗传物质,恢复原来的生活力和优良种性,对防止菌种过早退化、保障子实体优质高产有一定的作用。

中西医结合治疗原发性干燥综合征口干眼干的疗效分析

目的观察"二冬三参四子润燥汤"结合西医对症治疗原发性干燥综合征的临床疗效。方法将收集2013年3月-2014年10月期间的原发性干燥综合征患者56例分为治疗组及对照组,治疗组采用"二冬三参四子润燥汤"结合西医对症治疗,对照组采用硫酸羟氯喹片口服治疗。两组疗程均为12周。疗程结束后对两组的临床症状变化情况、唾液流率及Schirmer试验结果作治疗前后的疗效对比分析。结果治疗12周后,治疗组的临床症状改善总有效率为83.3%,总有效率高于对照组,治疗组唾液流率和Schirmer试验的结果有明显好转,均较对照组差异有显著性。结论 "二冬三参四子润燥汤"结合西医对症治疗原发性干燥综合征能明显改善患者的口干眼干症状,具有良好的临床疗效,无不良反应。

Effects of Nerve Growth Factor on NMDA Receptor 1 and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Production after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Objective:To explore the protective mechanisms of nerve growth factor (NGF) on spinal cord injury (SCI) and provide theoretical basis for its clinical application. Methods: The SCI of Wistar rats was done by Allens weight dropping way by a 10 g×2.5 cm impact on the posterior of spinal cord T 8. NGF (3 g/L, 20 μl) or normal saline was injected through catheter into subarachnoid space 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after SCI. The expression of N-methyl-D-asparate receptor 1 (NMDAR 1) and neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ncNOS) mRNA in rat spinal cord was detected by in situ hybridization. Results: Abnormal expression of NMDAR 1 and ncNOS mRNA appeared in spinal ventral horn motorneuron in injured rats, as compared with that in control group. The expression of NMDAR 1 and ncNOS mRNA in NGF group was significantly lower than that in saline group (P<0.01). Conclusion: NGF can protect spinal cord against injury in vivo. One of the mechanisms is that NGF can prohibit NMDAR 1 and nitric oxide (NO) production after spinal cord injury.

Investigation of Biological Characteristics of Parasitic Fusarium Fungi from Tibetan Cordyceps sinensis

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of parasitic Fusarium fungi from tibetan Cordyceps sinensis. [Method] A Fusarium strain was isolated from fresh tibetan Cordyceps sinensis as the experimental material, to observe the morphologies of Fusarium mycelium and spores. [Result] The isolated Fusarium fungus strain grew lushly on rice medium, with white and villiform myceliurn, and the villous stroma appeared in colors from beige to pink. After cultivated at （18 ± 4） ℃ for 14 d, the Fusarium strain produced milky white protrusions containing pale yellow chlamydospores, which can be divided into microconidiums and macroconidiums based on the different sizes. According to Ainsworth＇s classification system, the isolated strain belongs to Fusarium, Tuberculariales, Hyphomycetes, adelomycete subphylum. Further observation identified three types of macroconidium, and two of them showed distinct morphology, which was not described in Ainsworth＇s classification system. [Conclusion] The structure of the strain isolated from tibetan Cordyceps sinensis is significantly different from that of Fusariurn fungi recorded in relevant literatures, which requires further investigation.

冬虫草子实体菌种提纯复壮技术研究

从野生冬虫草菌株中获取菌种,经人工驯化栽培,冬虫草(子实体)在生产实践中普遍出现传种几代后菌种严重退化的现象,通过菌种提纯复壮前后菌丝生长情况和子实体栽培情况的对比,结果证明不断对菌种进行提纯复壮,使菌种保持原有品种的遗传物质,恢复原来的生活力和优良种性,对防止菌种过早退化、保障子实体优质高产有一定的作用。

Effects of Planting Pattern and Meteorological Factors on Yield of Ryegrass Planted in Fallow Fields

The aim was to research effects of meteorological factors on yield of ryegrass in fal ow field in winter. [Method] With grass yield as a dependent variable, effects of meteorological factors on ryegrass yield were explored by differ-ent planting methods. [Result] The yield of Zuanshi T was higher than that of Tegao; strip sowing performed better compared with dispersedly sowing and plough-ing better than no-til age; extremely high and low temperatures showed negative correlation with grass yield; higher daily average temperature, rainfal and sunshine hour improved grass yield; relative humidity and frost-free period had insignificant effects on yield. [Conclusion] The region with less extreme temperatures should be chosen as the site for growing ryegrass.

“冬烘”“小的子”“的篤”考源

"冬烘"形容人之糊塗迂腐,然理據不明。"冬烘"二字本身與糊塗義没有關係,應該都是記音字。文章認爲"冬"的近親是"懵懂""顛懂"之"懂"。"懵懂"同義連文,義爲糊塗。不少方言稱年老糊塗爲"顛懂",亦爲同義連文,"顛"指瘋癲失智,"懂"指糊塗。"懂"源自"憧","憧"即"冬烘"之"冬"的本字。"憧"由"童"分化而來,兒童蒙昧無知,故"童"引申爲愚昧無知。"烘"的本字爲《説文》訓爲"愚也"的"戇",《廣韻·送韻》音呼貢切。"小的子"指小孩子,但來源構造與"小的"不同。聯繫"狗的子""潑的子"等詞來看,"的子"爲一詞,"小"是"的子"的修飾成分。"的子"之"的"本字爲"滴",水滴爲小點兒,常用來形容事物之小少。"的篤"本字爲"滴涿"。"滴涿"既指水液滴落(動詞),也指滴落之水滴,比喻矮小。

Mrakia psychrophila sp.nov.,a new species isolated from Antarctic soil

The yeast strain （Y18） was isolated from a soil sample collected from Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. The strain is a psychrophilic yeast with optimum and maximum growth temperatures of 10 ℃ and 18 ℃, respectively. Teliospores were formed after 7 d on malt agar, when the germination of teliospores was observed. Both inositol and D-glucuronate were assimilated. Positive results of the DBB （diazonium blue B） color reaction, urease test, and starch formation were observed. The major CoQ is Qs. All results indicated that Y18 belongs to the genes of Mrakia. The 18S rDNA sequence analyses showed that Y18 is closely related to Mrakiafrigida. DNA-DNA relatedness study, and some biochemistry characteristics indicated that Y18 represents a new species for which Mrakia psychrophila sp. nov. is proposed.

Isolation of Cordyceps ophioglossoides L2 from Fruit Body and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Its Mycelial Growth

A strain isolated from the fruiting body of a fungus parasitized on Elaphomyces was identified as Cordyceps ophioglossoides based on the morphological characteristics and the analysis of ITS-5.8s rDNA sequence. The optimal medium, composition （g·L^-1）, containing sucrose 66.0, yeast powder 10.0, silkworm chrysalises digest 30.0, MgSO4· 7H2O 0.4, and KH2PO4 0.4, Was found using fractional factorial design ancl a central composite design, and the optimization of cultural conditions obtained a result of seed age 6 days, inoculum size 6% （by volume）, initial pH 5.6, temperature 24℃, shaking speed 160 ·＇min^-1 by one-factor-at-a-time method. The maximum biomass reached about 20.2 g·L^-1 after 90 hours culture under the optimal conditions. Elementary nharmaeclogical actlwtties showed that mycelia of C. ophioglossoides L2 from submerged culture promoted Uterus growth in estrogen- depleted mice. In the 15-litre scale-up fermentation, the mycelial biomass was around 19.1 g·L^-1, indicating a promising prospect for this biotechnoloagy and the potency to develoo its medical value.

Research Progress of Regulatory Factors for Tillering and Earring of Large-spike and Multispike Cultivars of Winter Wheat

To research the regulation factors and regulating mechanism for tillering and earring of large-spike and multi-spike cultivars of winter wheat,and achieve yield improvement,this article summarized the research progress of the influence of genetic factors,group environment factors and endogenous hormones on tillering and earring of different spike cultivars of winter wheat,and pointed out that the future research should focus on the relationship between various factors and influencing mechanism of regulation factors of different tillers.According to studying the relationship among content of hormone,hormones balance,gene expression and regulation,and wheat tillering,this article will provide theoretical basis and technical support for high-yield cultivation of winter wheat.

Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Particles in Winter at Datong City, Shanxi Province, China, and Its Impact on Beijing

Atmospheric particle samples were collected at an urban site of Datong, Shanxi Province, during December 2004 and their element concentrations at different sizes were analyzed by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Analysis of the observation data showed that particle pollution was heavy in winter at Datong and that concentrations of most elements were high in the coarse range. Factor analysis (FA) results indicated that the soil and dust, coal combustion dust, and industry dust are main sources for atmospheric particles in winter at Datong. The enrichment factors of element concentrations showed that particle pollution at Datong impacts the down-wind region-Beijing-in the dust season.

Two new species of Sellaphora(Bacillariophyta) from a deep oligotrophic plateau lake,Lake Fuxian in subtropical China

We describe two new species of Sellaphora from Lake Fuxian, Ytmnan Plateau, China. Based on both light and scanning electron microscopy, these species are described as S. yunnanensis sp. nov. and S. sinensis sp. nov. The primary features of S. yunnanens＆ are： elliptical to linear-elliptical valves with broadly rounded ends, straight filiform raphe, almost straight central endings and small, slightly expanding central pores, small central area, symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical central nodule. The primary features of S. sinensis are： elliptical valves, obtusely rounded ends, similar raphe and axial area, transapically less expanded central area, larger, elliptical central nodule. We compare these species to those of a similar shape and morphology.

中西医结合治疗气阴两虚证2型糖尿病疗效观察

目的:观察中西医结合治疗气阴两虚证2型糖尿病的疗效。方法:对照组口服降糖药如达美康或/和二甲双胍,或原服降糖药维持不变;治疗组在对照组基础上加服自拟五参四子三根二冬汤(沙参、玄参、太子参、西洋参、丹参、枸杞子、五味子、楮实子、女贞子、葛根、栝楼根、芦根、天冬、麦冬)。2组疗程均为2个月。结果:治疗组80例,显效15例,有效53例,无效12例,总有效率85.00%;对照组60例,显效9例,有效29例,无效22例,总有效率63.33%。2组差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗气阴两虚证2型糖尿病疗效显著。