On the basis of analyzing the importance of cryospheric researches in China and current status of cryospheric sciences in the world, this paper addresses key issues and main contents of present cryospheric sciences in...On the basis of analyzing the importance of cryospheric researches in China and current status of cryospheric sciences in the world, this paper addresses key issues and main contents of present cryospheric sciences in China. The key issues currently addressed are： i） mechanisms of different types of glaciers in response to climate change and the scale-conversion in water resources assessments; ii） modeling of water and heat exchanges between frozen soil and vegetation; iii） parameterization of physical processes in cryosphere as well as coupling with climate models. To gain full clarification of these key issues, works of the following three aspects should be highlighted, i.e., cryospheric processes and responses to climate change, influences of cryospheric changes, and adaptation strategies for cryospheric changes.展开更多
The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System （RIEMS 2.0） with NCEP Reanalysis II is utilized to simulate the severe freezing rain and snow storm event over southern China in January 2008, which caused severe d...The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System （RIEMS 2.0） with NCEP Reanalysis II is utilized to simulate the severe freezing rain and snow storm event over southern China in January 2008, which caused severe damage in the region. The relationships between the freezing rain process and the large-scale cir- culation, in terms of the westerly and low-level jets, water vapor transportation, and northerly wind area/intensity indices, were analyzed to tmderstand the mechanisms of the freezing rain occurrence. The results indicate the fol- lowing： （1） RIEMS 2.0 reproduced the pattern of precipi- tation in January 2008 well, especially for the temporal evolution of daily precipitation averaged over the Yangtze River valley and southern China; （2） RIEMS 2.0 repro- duced the persistent trough in the South Branch of the westerlies, of which the southwesterly currents trans- ported abundant moisture into southern China; （3） RIEMS 2.0 reasonably reproduced the pattern of frequencies of light and moderate rain, although it overestimated the frequency of rain in southern China. This study shows that RIEMS 2.0 can be feasibly applied to study extreme weather and climate events in East Asia.展开更多
The present study is an investigation of the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol),which would be a better contact lens mate- rial than conventional HEMA in some ways.A transparent PVA hydrogel was prepared from a PVA sol...The present study is an investigation of the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol),which would be a better contact lens mate- rial than conventional HEMA in some ways.A transparent PVA hydrogel was prepared from a PVA solution in a mixed solvent consisting of water and a water-miscible organic solvent,DMSO,by the freezing-thawing method.The water content,visible light transmittance,mechanical and swelling properties of the hydrogels were evaluated as a function of PVA concentration and number of freeze-thaw cycles.The results show that the properties of PVA hydrogels depend on the polymer concentration,the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the addition of the organic solvent.展开更多
Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of fresh frozen plasma （FFP） iniusion for the treat- ment of hereditary angioedema （FIAE）. Methods The medical records of patients with HAE admitted to Peking Union ...Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of fresh frozen plasma （FFP） iniusion for the treat- ment of hereditary angioedema （FIAE）. Methods The medical records of patients with HAE admitted to Peking Union Medical College Fiospital who had received FFP infusion during 2004 and 2010 were reviewed and PubMed database iFom 1966 to the present were searched using the following key words： hereditary angioedema and fresh frozen plasma. The patient＇s age, sex, body location of HAE attacks, the dose of FFP infusion, time of beginning to improvenaent, time to complete remission, complication, C 1 inhibitor activity, and outcome were analyzed. Results A total of 13 enrolled patients （7 male and 6 female） received 16 times of FFP infusion, in- cluding 2 patients undergoing FFP infusion in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and 11 patients re- ported in the literature. The mean dosage of FFP infusion was 586±337 mL. Two cases suffered from wors- ening abdominal pain and one case experienced skin rash. Only I patient had no improvement in symptom owing to transfusion related reaction. There was a definite improvement in symptom 49± 19 minutes after beginning FFP infusion. The remission time decreased from 61.7±27.0 hours to 3.3 （2.0, 12.0） hours after FFP infusion. FFP infusion was effective for both type I and type Ⅱ HAE. Conclusion FFP seems to be safe and effective for acute attacks of HAE.展开更多
HEREDITARY angioedema （HAE） is an autosomal dominant inherited condition which was initially described by Osier in 1888.1 Patients with HAE can develop rapid subcutaneous or submucosal edema involving the hands, fee...HEREDITARY angioedema （HAE） is an autosomal dominant inherited condition which was initially described by Osier in 1888.1 Patients with HAE can develop rapid subcutaneous or submucosal edema involving the hands, feet, limbs, face, intestinal tract, even larynx and trachea. The mortality of an acute attack of HAE without treatment was reported as high as 30%.2 HAE is caused by the deficiency of Cl esterase inhibitor （CIINH） which results in episodes of edema in parts of the human body,展开更多
This study focuses on the characters of public perceptions on climate and cryosphere change,which are based on a questionnaire survey in the(U|¨)r(u|¨)mqi River Basin.In comparison with scientific observatio...This study focuses on the characters of public perceptions on climate and cryosphere change,which are based on a questionnaire survey in the(U|¨)r(u|¨)mqi River Basin.In comparison with scientific observation results of climate and cryosphere change,this paper analyzes the possible impact of the change on water resources and agriculture production in the area.Perceptions of most respondents on climate and cryosphere changes confirm the main objective facts.For the selection of adaptation measures addressing the shortage of water resource,the results are as follows:most people preferred to choose the measures like "policy change" and "basic facility construction" which are mostly implemented by the government and the policy-making department;some people showed more preference to the measures of avoiding unfavorable natural environment,such as finding job in or migrating to other places.The urgency of personal participation in the adaptation measures is still inadequate.Some adaptation measures should be implemented in line with local conditions and require the organic combination of "resource-development" with "water-saving".展开更多
基金the Nation Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Research No.2007CB411500)
文摘On the basis of analyzing the importance of cryospheric researches in China and current status of cryospheric sciences in the world, this paper addresses key issues and main contents of present cryospheric sciences in China. The key issues currently addressed are： i） mechanisms of different types of glaciers in response to climate change and the scale-conversion in water resources assessments; ii） modeling of water and heat exchanges between frozen soil and vegetation; iii） parameterization of physical processes in cryosphere as well as coupling with climate models. To gain full clarification of these key issues, works of the following three aspects should be highlighted, i.e., cryospheric processes and responses to climate change, influences of cryospheric changes, and adaptation strategies for cryospheric changes.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2010CB950900 and 2009CB421100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91025003)
文摘The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System （RIEMS 2.0） with NCEP Reanalysis II is utilized to simulate the severe freezing rain and snow storm event over southern China in January 2008, which caused severe damage in the region. The relationships between the freezing rain process and the large-scale cir- culation, in terms of the westerly and low-level jets, water vapor transportation, and northerly wind area/intensity indices, were analyzed to tmderstand the mechanisms of the freezing rain occurrence. The results indicate the fol- lowing： （1） RIEMS 2.0 reproduced the pattern of precipi- tation in January 2008 well, especially for the temporal evolution of daily precipitation averaged over the Yangtze River valley and southern China; （2） RIEMS 2.0 repro- duced the persistent trough in the South Branch of the westerlies, of which the southwesterly currents trans- ported abundant moisture into southern China; （3） RIEMS 2.0 reasonably reproduced the pattern of frequencies of light and moderate rain, although it overestimated the frequency of rain in southern China. This study shows that RIEMS 2.0 can be feasibly applied to study extreme weather and climate events in East Asia.
基金Projects 50575106 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBG2007046 by the High Technology Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘The present study is an investigation of the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol),which would be a better contact lens mate- rial than conventional HEMA in some ways.A transparent PVA hydrogel was prepared from a PVA solution in a mixed solvent consisting of water and a water-miscible organic solvent,DMSO,by the freezing-thawing method.The water content,visible light transmittance,mechanical and swelling properties of the hydrogels were evaluated as a function of PVA concentration and number of freeze-thaw cycles.The results show that the properties of PVA hydrogels depend on the polymer concentration,the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the addition of the organic solvent.
文摘Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of fresh frozen plasma （FFP） iniusion for the treat- ment of hereditary angioedema （FIAE）. Methods The medical records of patients with HAE admitted to Peking Union Medical College Fiospital who had received FFP infusion during 2004 and 2010 were reviewed and PubMed database iFom 1966 to the present were searched using the following key words： hereditary angioedema and fresh frozen plasma. The patient＇s age, sex, body location of HAE attacks, the dose of FFP infusion, time of beginning to improvenaent, time to complete remission, complication, C 1 inhibitor activity, and outcome were analyzed. Results A total of 13 enrolled patients （7 male and 6 female） received 16 times of FFP infusion, in- cluding 2 patients undergoing FFP infusion in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and 11 patients re- ported in the literature. The mean dosage of FFP infusion was 586±337 mL. Two cases suffered from wors- ening abdominal pain and one case experienced skin rash. Only I patient had no improvement in symptom owing to transfusion related reaction. There was a definite improvement in symptom 49± 19 minutes after beginning FFP infusion. The remission time decreased from 61.7±27.0 hours to 3.3 （2.0, 12.0） hours after FFP infusion. FFP infusion was effective for both type I and type Ⅱ HAE. Conclusion FFP seems to be safe and effective for acute attacks of HAE.
文摘HEREDITARY angioedema （HAE） is an autosomal dominant inherited condition which was initially described by Osier in 1888.1 Patients with HAE can develop rapid subcutaneous or submucosal edema involving the hands, feet, limbs, face, intestinal tract, even larynx and trachea. The mortality of an acute attack of HAE without treatment was reported as high as 30%.2 HAE is caused by the deficiency of Cl esterase inhibitor （CIINH） which results in episodes of edema in parts of the human body,
基金funded by the "973" National Social Development Research Program "Dynamic process of cryosphere,the mechanism of cryospheric impacts on climate, hydrology and ecologyadaptation measures" (Grant No.2007CB411507)Science of state key laboratory open fund of "The research of typical basin of cryosphere change and its threshold level,adaptation and strategy"(SKLCS08-04)
文摘This study focuses on the characters of public perceptions on climate and cryosphere change,which are based on a questionnaire survey in the(U|¨)r(u|¨)mqi River Basin.In comparison with scientific observation results of climate and cryosphere change,this paper analyzes the possible impact of the change on water resources and agriculture production in the area.Perceptions of most respondents on climate and cryosphere changes confirm the main objective facts.For the selection of adaptation measures addressing the shortage of water resource,the results are as follows:most people preferred to choose the measures like "policy change" and "basic facility construction" which are mostly implemented by the government and the policy-making department;some people showed more preference to the measures of avoiding unfavorable natural environment,such as finding job in or migrating to other places.The urgency of personal participation in the adaptation measures is still inadequate.Some adaptation measures should be implemented in line with local conditions and require the organic combination of "resource-development" with "water-saving".
