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青藏高原冰川年内实现动态监测
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作者 顾玲 《山东国土资源》 2009年第5期57-57,共1页
世界上山地冰川最多的区域青藏高原冰川2009年起将实现动态监测。青海省卫星遥感中心已基于我国发射的风云3号卫星数据建立起青藏高原典型大冰川遥感监测平台,近期即可通过卫星遥感技术对青藏高原冰川展开动态监测。
关键词 青藏高原 动态监测 冰川年 卫星遥感技术 卫星数据 遥感监测 遥感中心 青海省
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青藏高原冰川年均减少131.4平方公里
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《地图》 2011年第2期12-12,共1页
中国地质调查局青藏高原生态地质环境遥感调查与监钡4成果显示,近30年来青藏高原冰川年均减少131.4平方公里,而且有加速消减的趋势。在不考虑全球气候加速变暖的前提下,预计到2050年青藏高原冰川面积将减少到现有面积的72%.2090年... 中国地质调查局青藏高原生态地质环境遥感调查与监钡4成果显示,近30年来青藏高原冰川年均减少131.4平方公里,而且有加速消减的趋势。在不考虑全球气候加速变暖的前提下,预计到2050年青藏高原冰川面积将减少到现有面积的72%.2090年将减少到现有面积的50%。 展开更多
关键词 青藏高原 冰川年 公里 平方 中国地质调查局 生态地质环境 冰川面积 遥感调查
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基于改进SVR模型的新疆冰川河流年径流预测研究 被引量:5
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作者 古力皮亚.沙塔尔 阿布力米提.阿巴白克热 《水利规划与设计》 2017年第7期36-38,73,共4页
文章结合人工蜂群算法的自适应度因子对传统SVR模型的循环求解进行改进和优化,提高传统模型收敛和求解精度,并将改进SVR模型用于新疆喀什某冰川河流的年径流预测中。研究结果表明:在AIC计算准则下,改进的SVR模型最小计算值最小,参数结... 文章结合人工蜂群算法的自适应度因子对传统SVR模型的循环求解进行改进和优化,提高传统模型收敛和求解精度,并将改进SVR模型用于新疆喀什某冰川河流的年径流预测中。研究结果表明:在AIC计算准则下,改进的SVR模型最小计算值最小,参数结果更为合理;相比于传统模型,改进模型在区域冰川河流年径流预测精度得到较为明显的改善和提高,其中预测的误差均值减少16.3%,年相关系数提高0.25;建立的自回归方程可对未来冰川径流的变化趋势进行预测。研究成果对于新疆冰川河流年径流的变化预测提供方法参考。 展开更多
关键词 人工蜂群算法 自适应度因子 改进SVR模型 冰川年径流 预测
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青藏高原冰川萎缩
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《海洋世界》 2011年第2期8-8,共1页
最新成果显示,近30年来青藏高原冰川年均减少131.4平方千米,而且近年来有加速消减趋势。科研人员利用多年遥感监测技术进行青藏高原冰川、雪线、湖泊、湿地等变化情况遥感调查,结果表明,近30年来青藏高原冰川总体呈明显减少趋势,其中高... 最新成果显示,近30年来青藏高原冰川年均减少131.4平方千米,而且近年来有加速消减趋势。科研人员利用多年遥感监测技术进行青藏高原冰川、雪线、湖泊、湿地等变化情况遥感调查,结果表明,近30年来青藏高原冰川总体呈明显减少趋势,其中高原周边冰川面积消减最为明显,面积减小10%以上;高原腹地冰川面积减小近5%。青藏高原边部现代雪线退缩强烈,腹地逐渐趋于平衡。退缩最大距离为350米,一般为100~150米。 展开更多
关键词 青藏高原 冰川年 遥感监测技术 科研人员 遥感调查 冰川面积 最大距离 雪线
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北京猿人的环境与文化 被引量:5
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作者 徐钦琦 董为 刘金毅 《第四纪研究》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 1999年第2期165-169,共5页
周口店第1地点是北京猿人的产地,他们在那里经历了3次冰川旋回或3个冰川年。北京猿人的文化可分为早、中、晚3个时期,它们恰好与3个冰川年完全吻合。晚新生代的几次生物进化事件总是发生在寒冷期的末尾或温暖期的开始。北京猿人石器... 周口店第1地点是北京猿人的产地,他们在那里经历了3次冰川旋回或3个冰川年。北京猿人的文化可分为早、中、晚3个时期,它们恰好与3个冰川年完全吻合。晚新生代的几次生物进化事件总是发生在寒冷期的末尾或温暖期的开始。北京猿人石器制作技术水平的两次飞跃也都发生在寒冷期的末尾或温暖期的开始。如果把冰川旋回或冰川年也划分为春、夏、秋、冬的话,那么石器制作技术水平的飞跃和生物进化事件都是发生在冰川年的春季的。 展开更多
关键词 北京猿人 冰川年 石器制作技术 环境 文化
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未来冷暖谁知道
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作者 徐钦琦 《科学中国人》 2001年第9期18-19,共2页
在当代的中外报刊上,有许许多多的文章在预测未来的气候。有的文章认为,未来的气候将变冷,世界将进入一次新的冰期。但是更多的文章认为,未来的气候将增暖,世界各地的海平面将随之上升。我愿借此机会告诉读者,这两种截然相反的观点可能... 在当代的中外报刊上,有许许多多的文章在预测未来的气候。有的文章认为,未来的气候将变冷,世界将进入一次新的冰期。但是更多的文章认为,未来的气候将增暖,世界各地的海平面将随之上升。我愿借此机会告诉读者,这两种截然相反的观点可能都是正确的,两者并不矛盾。因为气候变迁具有不同的尺度或不同的层次。 1976年美国科学家未切尔曾写过一篇很出色的论文。他讲述了地球历史上的16种不同层次的“大年” 展开更多
关键词 气候预测 地球温度 气候史 冰川年 冰期
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Thinning and Shrinkage of Laohugou No. 12 Glacier in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, from 1957 to 2007 被引量:16
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作者 ZHANG Yingsong LIU Shiyin +2 位作者 SHANGGUAN Donghui LI Jing ZHAO Jingdong 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2012年第3期343-350,共8页
Landsat images, real-time kinematic GPS measurements, and topographic maps were used to determine changes in ice elevation, volume, and areal extent of the Laohugou No. 12 glacier (Qilian Mountains, China) between 195... Landsat images, real-time kinematic GPS measurements, and topographic maps were used to determine changes in ice elevation, volume, and areal extent of the Laohugou No. 12 glacier (Qilian Mountains, China) between 1957 and 2007. The glacier experienced significant thinning and areal shrinkage in the ablation zone, but slight thickening in part of the accumulation zone. Elevation decreased by 18.6±5.4 m between 1957 and 2007 in the regions covered by the GPS measurements. The total volume loss for the entire glacier was estimated to be 0.218 km3 using a third-order polynomial fit method. The area diminished by 0.28 km2 between 1957 and 1994, 0.26 km2 between 1994 and 2000, and 0.28 km2 between 2000 and 2007, suggesting that the rate of loss in glacial coverage has increased since the mid-1990s. Significant increases in annual mean air temperature may have contributed to shrinkage and thinning of the glacier. 展开更多
关键词 GLACIER RTK-GPS Volume loss QilianMountain
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Glacier changes since the early 1960s, eastern Pamir, China 被引量:14
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作者 ZHANG Zhen XU Jun-li +3 位作者 LIU Shi-yin GUO Wan-qin WEI Jun-feng FENG Tong 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第2期276-291,共16页
Glaciers in the eastern Pamir are important for water resources and the social and economic development of the region.In the last 50 years,these glaciers have shrunk and lost ice mass due to climate change.In order to... Glaciers in the eastern Pamir are important for water resources and the social and economic development of the region.In the last 50 years,these glaciers have shrunk and lost ice mass due to climate change.In order to understand recent glacier dynamics in the region,a new inventory was compiled from Landsat TM/ETM+ images acquired in2009,free of clouds and with minimal snow cover on the glacierized mountains.The first glacier inventory of the area was also updated by digitizing glacier outlines from topographical maps that had been modified and verified using aerial photographs.Total glacier area decreased by 10.8%±1.1%,mainly attributed to an increase in air temperature,although precipitation,glacier size and topographic features also combined to affect the general shrinkage of the glaciers.The 19.3–21.4 km^3 estimated glacier mass loss has contributed to an increase in river runoff and water resources. 展开更多
关键词 Glacier change Glacier inventory Eastern Pamir Remote sensing Mass loss
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Decadal glacial lake changes in the Koshi basin, central Himalaya, from 1977 to 2010, derived from Landsat satellite images
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作者 Finu SHRESTHA GAO Xiao +5 位作者 Narendra Raj KHANAL Sudan Bikash MAHARJAN Rajendra Bahadur SHRESTHA WU Li-zong Pradeep Kumar MOOL Samjwal Ratna BAJRACHARYA 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第10期1969-1984,共16页
Changes in glacial lakes and the consequences of these changes, particularly on the development of water resources and management of glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF) risk, has become one of the challenges in the sust... Changes in glacial lakes and the consequences of these changes, particularly on the development of water resources and management of glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF) risk, has become one of the challenges in the sustainable development of high mountain areas in the context of global warming. This paper presents the findings of a study on the distribution of, and area changes in, glacial lakes in the Koshi basin in the central Himalayas.Data on the number of glacial lakes and their area was generated for the years 1977, 1990, 2000, and 2010 using Landsat satellite images. According to the glacial lake inventory in 2010, there were a total of 2168 glacial lakes with a total area of 127.61 km^2 and average size of 0.06 km^2 in the Koshi basin. Of these,47% were moraine dammed lakes, 34.8% bedrock dammed lakes and 17.7% ice dammed lakes. The number of glacial lakes increased consistently over the study period from 1160 in 1977 to 2168 in 2010, an overall growth rate of 86.9%. The area of glacial lakes also increased from 94.44 km^2 in 1977 to 127.61 km^2 in 2010, a growth rate of 35.1%. A large number of glacial lakes in the inventory are small in size(≤ 0.1km^2). End moraine dammed lakes with area greater than 0.1 km^2 were selected to analyze the change characteristics of glacial lakes in the basin. The results show that, in 2010, there were 129 lakes greater than 0.1 km^2 in area; these lakes had a total area of 42.92km^2 in 1997, increasing to 63.28 km^2 in 2010. The distribution of lakes on the north side of the Himalayas(in China) was three times higher than on the south side of the Himalayas(in Nepal).Comparing the mean growth rate in area for the 33 year study period(1977-2010), the growth rate on the north side was found to be a little slower than that on the south side. A total of 42 glacial lakes with an area greater than 0.2 km^2 are rapidly growing between 1977 and 2010 in the Koshi basin, which need to be paid more attention to monitoring in the future and to identify how critical they are in terms of GLOF. 展开更多
关键词 Glacial lake Decadal glacial lake GLOF Inventory Landsat Koshi basin Nepal China
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Optically stimulated luminescence dating of young glacial sediments from the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 被引量:8
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作者 ZENG Lan-hua OU Xian-jiao +1 位作者 LAI Zhong-ping ZHOU Shang-zhe 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第7期1174-1185,共12页
Poor bleaching is a significant problem for Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL) dating of glacial sediments. Five young glacial samples(including two modern analogues) from different depositional settings were coll... Poor bleaching is a significant problem for Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL) dating of glacial sediments. Five young glacial samples(including two modern analogues) from different depositional settings were collected beyond the Yingpu Glacier in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. De was determined using different OSL methods. The luminescence characteristics and dating results showed that the large aliquot quartz Blue Stimulated Luminescence(BSL) is more applicable than polymineral infrared stimulated luminescence(IRSL) method. Small aliquot quartz BSL results showed poor luminescence properties due to low luminescence sensitivity of quartz in this area. The dating results also indicated that glaciofluvial samples deposited close to ice margin(~40 m and ~700 m) and supraglacial debris dominated lateral moraine samples are relatively well-bleached, whereas samples from ground moraine and low terminal moraine were poorly bleached, probably due to containing subglacial and englacial debris. The residual doses of glaciofluvial and lateral moraine crest samples were below a few Gy and age overestimations were below a few hundred years. The ground moraine and low terminal moraine samples had residual doses as high as ~110 Gy, and ages were overestimated by ~15-17 ka. 展开更多
关键词 Glacial sediments Optically stimulated luminescence Quartz Residual age Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
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Interannual and Seasonal Changes in the Ice Cover of Glacial Lakes in the Snowy Mountains of Australia
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作者 K.GREEN 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2011年第5期655-663,共9页
Seasonal ice cover is uncommon on Australian lakes. In the Snowy Mountains, there are five natural, seasonally ice-covered lakes including Lake Cootapatamba, the highest lake in Australia. Blue Lake is the only one of... Seasonal ice cover is uncommon on Australian lakes. In the Snowy Mountains, there are five natural, seasonally ice-covered lakes including Lake Cootapatamba, the highest lake in Australia. Blue Lake is the only one of the five lakes with sufficient volume to be relatively independent of short-term changes in ambient temperature, and therefore is the lake most likely to be of use in tracking long-term regional climate change. Ice forms on Blue Lake near the winter solstice and ice-breakup occurs from late September to November. Timing of breakup is related to spring temperature and, as such, mirrors the timing of general snow thaw in the mountains. The existence of historic photographs taken of the lake at about the time of ice breakup allows for the possibility of reconstructing a history of alpine climate and in 1905 ice breakup was probably as late as mid-December. 展开更多
关键词 Climate change Mountain lakes Tarn
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梦与现实的欢乐
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作者 马嘉骏 《现代装饰》 2008年第8期34-37,共4页
当希尔顿在《消失的地平线》中用他渴望的心灵,第一次凭想象力轻轻触摸东方圣地香格里拉的面纱之时.便拯救了包括他自己在内诸多失落于现实中的心灵。多少年来,这圣地的精神抚慰依然散发着她的无穷魅力,以至于亿年的冰川年复一年熠... 当希尔顿在《消失的地平线》中用他渴望的心灵,第一次凭想象力轻轻触摸东方圣地香格里拉的面纱之时.便拯救了包括他自己在内诸多失落于现实中的心灵。多少年来,这圣地的精神抚慰依然散发着她的无穷魅力,以至于亿年的冰川年复一年熠熠的冷傲光芒辉映着无数寻梦者的影像。这片圣土之神秘面纱,无论是其巍峨的雪峰还是其逶迤的蓝月亮湾一直作为东方的伊甸园吸引着众生的梦想,他们都亟求去朝拜洗刷自己现实的苦闷与罪恶.寻找永恒宁静的欢乐。 展开更多
关键词 香格里拉 地平线 想象力 冰川年 心灵 东方
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The influence of terrain age and altitude on the arthropod communities found on recently deglaciated terrain 被引量:3
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作者 Markus FRANZEN Petra DIEKER 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第2期203-220,共18页
Climate warming has been more pronounced in the Arctic than elsewhere, resulting in a recent rapid glacial retreat. Over 85% of the Almajallojekna glacier has disappeared over the last 115 years and it is one of the f... Climate warming has been more pronounced in the Arctic than elsewhere, resulting in a recent rapid glacial retreat. Over 85% of the Almajallojekna glacier has disappeared over the last 115 years and it is one of the fastest retreating glaciers in Sweden. In 2011 and 2012, at 18 sites in the vicinity of the remaining glacier network, we sampled arthropods and related the species richness, abundance and proportion of herbivores to altitude (ranging from 824 to 1,524 m.a.s.1.) and the age of the site (ranging from 0 to 〉 115 years). Temperature was measured at six sites and the average annual air temperature ranged from -3.7℃ to 1.1℃. In total, we recorded 3,705 arthropods from 117 species in nine different taxonomic groups. The most abundant and species-rich group was Coleoptera (1,381 individuals, 41 species) followed by Araneae (1,050 individuals, 15 species) and Macrolepidoptera (732 individuals, 17 species). Only at lower altitudes did the abundance and species richness of arthropods increase with increasing age of the site. The results were consistent among the studied taxonomic groups and when controlling for sam- piing intensity using two different approaches. The proportion of herbivores decreased with increasing age of the site and with increasing altitude. Clearly, altitude appears more important than the age of the site and, at higher altitudes, abundance, species richness and herbivory are low [Current Zoology 60 (2): 203-220, 2014]. 展开更多
关键词 Climate change Glacier foreland Emerging communities Insects and arachnids Subarctic environment Speciesrichness
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Tree ring-dated fluctuation history of Midui glacier since the Little Ice Age in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau 被引量:5
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作者 XU Peng ZHU HaiFeng +1 位作者 SHAO XueMei YIN ZhiYong 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第4期521-529,共9页
Fluctuation history of Midui glacier in the southeastern Tibet since the Little Ice Age(LIA) was reconstructed by the dating of lateral and terminal moraines using tree rings.Four conversions of glacier advance/stabil... Fluctuation history of Midui glacier in the southeastern Tibet since the Little Ice Age(LIA) was reconstructed by the dating of lateral and terminal moraines using tree rings.Four conversions of glacier advance/stabilization to retreat were identified at around 1767,1875,1924 and 1964.The glacier reached its LIA maximum position at 1767.The fluctuations are consistent with those of other glaciers from the Tibetan Plateau,the Rockies and the Alps,suggesting high spatial coherency of glacier fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere.Comparison with the summer temperature reconstruction in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau indicated that the Midui glacier fluctuation may be related to temperature variation on the centennial timescale.On the decadal scale,the fluctuation could correspond to cold/warm variation with an 8-year lag on average. 展开更多
关键词 Tibetan Plateau glacier fluctuation tree ring Little Ice Age climate change moraine dating
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Late Quaternary glacial chronology on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain,eastern Tibetan Plateau,China 被引量:11
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作者 WANG Jie PAN BaoTian +3 位作者 ZHANG GuoLiang CUI Hang CAO Bo GENG HaoPeng 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第3期354-365,共12页
The Gongga Mountain is the largest area of modern glaciation in the Hengduan Mountains and,with a summit elevation of 7556 m,is the highest mountain on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.During the Quaternary g... The Gongga Mountain is the largest area of modern glaciation in the Hengduan Mountains and,with a summit elevation of 7556 m,is the highest mountain on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.During the Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles the Gongga Mountain was extensively and repeatedly glaciated,and glacial landforms and outwash deposits from multiple glaciations are well-preserved in valleys,in basins,and on piedmonts.To constrain the glacial chronology of the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain,sample sites were selected based on the distribution and weathering of glacial tills,relationships among glacial deposits,and soil development on moraines.Dating of the tills and glaciofluvial deposits was undertaken with electron spin resonance(ESR) and optically stimulated luminescence(OSL).The ages of the glacial deposits can be divided into four clusters:2.2±0.5,11.9±0.6,35.9±2.7-58.0±6.3 and 119.2±15.9-194.2±32.8 ka.Five glacial advances in this region have been identified,which are equivalent in age to the Little Ice Age(LIA),Neoglaciation,marine oxygen isotope stage(MIS) 2,mid-MIS3,and MIS6.The largest local last glacial maximum(LGML) occurred on Gongga Mountain during mid-MIS3,characterized by a cold-humid climate,rather than the global Last Glacial Maximum(LGMG) of MIS2.The Gongga,Nanmenguangou(NMGG) and Yajiageng Glaciations occurred during the late part of the last glacial cycle,the middle of the last glacial cycle and the penultimate glacial cycle,respectively.On the basis of geomorphological,sedimentological,and compositional characteristics,landforms of the Moxi Platform and terraces can be grouped by facies and geochronology.In combination with the dating results,this analysis indicates the basal part of the Moxi Platform between Xinxin and the Moxi Hotel is correlative with the till of the Nanguanmen Glaciation(mid-MIS3).This basal unit has occasional lenses of glaciofluvial sandy gravel and lacustrine sediments.The remainder of the Moxi Platform and the terraces beside the platform are glaciofluvial deposits occasionally mixed with debris flow deposits and range in age from MIS3 to Holocene. 展开更多
关键词 ESR dating glacial chronology Gongga Mountain Moxi Platform OSL dating
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