萨吾尔山冰川现状及演化过程

萨吾尔山是中国西部14座冰川分布的山系之一,横跨中国和哈萨克斯坦两国,尽管冰川规模不大,但因二元政治主体割裂了科学研究的完整性,同时萨吾尔山冰川水资源对于新疆阿勒泰地区吉木乃县可持续发展具有重要意义,为此结合航摄地形图、Landsat及Sentinel卫星遥感影像,并参考已有冰川编目和Google Earth高分辨率历史图像等数据资料,在野外台站现场观测验证基础上对萨吾尔山冰川当前现状和过去30多年间的变化进行了详细研究。结果表明:(1)截止2022年,萨吾尔山共分布冰川31条,总面积11.47 km^(2),新疆吉木乃县境内的木斯岛冰川为最大规模冰川,面积2.95 km^(2),其余90%的冰川其面积不足1 km^(2)。(2)过去30多年来,萨吾尔山冰川变化的总体趋势是冰川分裂、面积减小和末端后退持续增加。冰川数量从12条分裂成31条,1989-2022年冰川面积减少8.11 km^(2),退缩率达41.42%,冰川末端退缩11.30 m。气温升高、冰川反照率降低和冰川破碎程度加大是引起萨吾尔山冰川退缩的主要原因。(3)相较于我国其他13座高大山系,萨吾尔山在过去半个多世纪中冰川面积相对退缩幅度最大。未来在全球气候变暖背景下萨吾尔山冰川极大可能会基本消融殆尽,这对本就干旱贫水的吉木乃县可持续发展将产生重要影响,需提早统筹谋划以应对未来的水资源危机。

Glaciers One-TimemThe Society Protagonist of the Research

Glaciers one-time involves the citizenship in the development of a popular scientific project, which, among its objectives, aims to make the society conscious of the glacial retreat in action and to quantify the changes in the mountain landscape. All are invited to take photographs of the modern Italian glaciers with the exact points of view of historical photographs, and to make photographic comparisons. Glaciers one-time is carried out in collaboration with institutions that carry out glaciological activities. The institutional network so has the goal to cooperate together for the promotion of research within the society and the understanding of the landscape changes due to retreat of the glaciers. With the active participation of citizenship, it was possible to do a picture of glaciation to publicize the awareness of the state of health of the glaciers and to disseminate the importance of the cryosphere.