体育地板抗冲击力模型的建立及关键接触点的力传递特性

利用仿真前处理软件(Hypermesh)和求解软件(LS-DYNA)联合模拟体育地板在冲击载荷作用下的冲击过程,完成体育地板抗冲击力模型的建立;对体育地板进行抗冲击试验,检验建立的抗冲击力模型准确性,分析体育地板关键接触点的力传递特性。结果表明:依据显示动力学算法理论分析、应用仿真前处理软件和求解软件联合仿真,可有效模拟体育地板受冲击过程;对比分析仿真与试验结果,证明抗冲击力模型精度误差满足相关标准要求;体育地板对冲击力的吸收效果明显,中间龙骨中心点与其减振器受冲击力最大,中间龙骨相邻中心点与其减振器受冲击力次之,中间龙骨边缘点与其减振器受冲击力最小。

松散粉粒物品软包装冲击力学模型

通过对松散粉粒物品软包装冲击过程力学模型的建立与研究,得到冲击状态下包装袋受力的数学表达式。为包装袋的设计提供了较为满意的依据。

K8型单层球面网壳顶点竖向冲击下的冲击荷载特征及荷载简化模型

为简化网壳结构遭受冲击作用时复杂的接触分析过程,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了单层K8型球面网壳模型,并模拟其在不同冲击作用下的失效过程,辨别网壳的失效模式,并获取了冲击过程中的冲击力曲线。通过对网壳遭受竖向冲击荷载下的这些冲击力曲线特征进行分析,提出了简化的冲击荷载模型,并应用能量守恒定律和动量定理确定了模型相关参数。利用此冲击力模型对网壳结构在冲击荷载下的响应进行分析并与实体冲击物作用下的响应进行了对比,验证了该模型的准确性,应用该模型可以实现对网壳抗冲击性能的简单有效评估。

流体冲击力干扰检测方法研究

简要分析在流体动态称重系统中存在的干扰,针对其中影响最大的流体冲击力干扰,提出基于流体冲击力动量模型的估计方法,实现对流体冲击力干扰的辨识,并设计相应的滤波算法,实现对流体冲击力干扰的滤除。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效辨识流体冲击力干扰并进行滤波,动态称重系统测量数据满足精度要求。

基于逼近递推滤波原理的大块分离物冲击载荷自适应辨识

散状物料输送系统的大块分离物动态检测中,大块物下落时的冲击力是一种随机性动载干扰,严重影响测量的准确性。在基于动量原理的基础上建立大块物冲击力动载模型,提出抑制瞬时冲击力的递推滤波方法。为了满足实时性要求,针对迭代递推收敛速度较慢的问题,引入收敛因子,通过一步递推残差来修正当前的递推值,使得瞬时冲击力估计的迭代递推过程大大加快。根据这一方法,构造出由冲击力估计、参考模型解算和冲击力滤波三个算法单元组成的大块分离物逼近递推滤波环节。由此,通过对冲击力的实时辨识,快速逼近计算被分离大块物的实际重量。试验表明,这种逼近递推动态检测方法能显著提高大块物测量的稳定性和准确性。

拼接模具过缝区域切削力建模与表面质量

针对汽车覆盖件拼接模具铣削过程中刀具易磨损破损、已加工表面精度低的问题,对铣削拼接缝过程进行了切削力微元建模。根据加工材料硬度的不同,把每一切削周期的切屑厚度建成切削角度的函数关系,得到不同切削角度下剪切力和犁耕力模型。通过引入单自由度斜体碰撞模型,运用霍普金森压杆试验得到不同主轴转速下刀-工碰撞的弹性变形量δ,进而得到过缝处刀具受到的冲击力。结合剪切力、犁耕力模型与冲击力模型得到过缝区域铣削力预测模型。切削试验与仿真结果具有很好的一致性,证明所建立模型的正确性。研究了不同进给方向下的表面质量,对已加工表面质量、表面粗糙度及工件间高度差进行分析,结果表明,由高硬度切向低硬度工件时可以获得较好的表面质量。所得结果为汽车覆盖件拼接模具铣削加工的工艺优化提供了理论支持。

泥石流防治措施与冲击力研究进展

泥石流是一种世界范围内各个历史时期均普遍发生的地质灾害现象,尤其频发于地震多发的山地地区,每年均给人民的生命财产造成重大损失.为了应对这种暴发突然,来势凶猛,破坏力强的泥石流灾害,一系列防治措施应运而生.系统总结泥石流的防治措施.泥石流的防治措施可分为结构化措施和非结构化措施.其中结构化措施包括拦挡坝、拦挡网、导流渠、沉淀池和植被防护措施等,其设计依据可通过泥石流冲击力模型获取.泥石流冲击力模型可分为静力模型、动力模型.非结构化措施即建立泥石流预警和预报系统体系.

Constitutive model for concrete subjected to impact loading

To better design and analyze concrete structures, the mechanical properties of concrete subjected to impact loadings are investigated. Concrete is considered to be a two-phase composite made up of micro-cracks and solid parts which consist of coarse aggregate particles and a cement mortar matrix. The cement mortar matrix is assumed to be elastic, homogeneous and isotropic. Based on the Moil-Tanaka concept of average stress and the Eshelby equivalent inclusion theory, a dynamic constitutive model is developed to simulate the impact responses of concrete. The impact compression experiments of concrete and cement mortar are also carried out. Experimental results show that concrete and cement mortar are rate-dependent. Under the same impact velocity, the load-carrying capacity of concrete is higher than that of cement mortar. Whereas, the maximum strain of concrete is lower than that of cement mortar. Regardless of whether it is concrete or cement mortar, with the increase in the impact velocity, the fragment size of specimens after experiment decreases.

Design and dynamic analysis of the micro-suspended monorail

A 20 degree of the freedom model of the micro-suspended monorail is established to analyze a new type of the vehicle system named micro-suspended monorail.The formula of the tire is established by using the magic formula.Through the modal analysis of the vehicle,the modes of the vehicle are obtained,and resonance has little effect on the vehicle.When the vehicle moves in a right turn curve,it yaws in the clockwise direction.Under the action of the guidewheel(stable wheel)force,the front bogie yaws clockwise but the rear one yaws counterclockwise.Moreover,the two bogies and the car body roll during the curve passing process of the vehicle.When the vehicle speed is high enough,the left drive wheel will derail and the anti-overturning moments are provided by the stable wheels.Then,the car body yaws in the counterclockwise direction when it moves out of the curve.In the simulation of the vehicle passing the curve,the clearance between the guide wheel and rail surface will lead to a fatal impact on the bogie.At the same time,the dynamic response of the vehicle under the crosswind is tested.The vehicle will not overturn due to the crosswind.Finally,the collision of adjacent vehicles is analyzed.The results show that there is an intermittent collision force between two vehicles due to the vehicle's non synchronous pitch motion.

Experimental Investigation into Magnetorheological Damper Subjected to Impact Loads

A good mechanical model of magnetorheological damper (MRD) is essential to predict the shock isolation performance of MRD in numerical simulation. But at present, the mechanical models of MRD were all derived from the experiment subjected to harmonic vibration loads. In this paper, a commercial MRD (type RD-1005-3) manufactured by Lord Corporation was studied ex-perimentally in order to investigate its isolation performance under the impact loads. A new me-chanical model of MRD was proposed according to the data obtained by impact test. A good agreement between the numerical results and test data was observed, which showed that the model was good to simulate the dynamic properties of MRD under impact loads. It is also demon-strated that MRD can improve the acceleration and displacement response of the structure obvi-ously under impact loads.

A damage-based constitutive model for rock under impacting load

Using the Splitting Hopkinson Pressure Bar （SHPB） experimental system, investigations were made into the dynamic mechanical performances of underground soft rocks. The experiments proved that the measured stress-strain curves display the characteristics of plastic deformation. By making use of a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model and by taking into account that the strain rate and strain are a function of I - E（t）/Eo, a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model was simplified by applying dimensional analysis and consequently, a simplified overstress formula was obtained for the stress model. Then, by taking into consideration the effects of damage under a dynamic load on the dynamic loading strength of the rock, the continuous damage theory and the statistical strength theory were introduced into the development of the simplified overstress constitutive formula for the stress model. Hence, a damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, which can be appropriately applied to the analysis of full dynamic stress-strain curves, was developed. By using the simplified damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, the actually measured curves are fitted, indicating that the fitting curves and those actually measured are in good agreement.

Numerical Modeling of Dual-Pulse Shock Test Machine for Simulating Underwater Explosion Shock Loads on Warship Equipments

In order to qualify shock resistance performance of shipboard equipments and simulate real underwater explosion environment,a novel dual-pulse shock test machine is proposed.The new machine will increase testing capability and meet special shock testing requirement.Two key parts of the machine,the velocity generator and the shock pulse regulator,play an important role in producing the positive acceleration pulse and the succeeding negative acceleration pulse,respectively.The generated dual-pulse shock for test articles is in conformity with an anti-shock test specification.Based on the impact theory,a nonlinear dynamic model of the hydraulically-actuated test machine is established with thorough analysis on its mechanism that involves conversion of gas potential energy and dissipation of kinetic energy.Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed machine is able to produce a double-pulse acceleration shock in the time domain or a desired shock response spectrum in the frequency domain,which sets up a base for the construction of the machine.

Continuum damage mechanics based modeling progressive failure of woven-fabric composite laminate under low velocity impact

A continuum damage mechanics (CDM) meso-model was derived for both intraply and interply progressive failure behaviors of a 2D woven-fabric composite laminate under a transversely low velocity impact.An in-plane anisotropic damage constitutive model of a 2D woven composite ply was derived based on CDM within a thermodynamic framework,an elastic constitutive model with damage for the fibre directions and an elastic-plastic constitutive model with damage for the shear direction.The progressive failure behavior of a 2D woven composite ply is determined by the damage internal variables in different directions with appropriate damage evolution equations.The interface between two adjacent 2D woven composite plies with different ply orientations was modeled by a traction-separation law based interface element.An isotropic damage constitutive law with CDM properties was used for the interface element,and a damage surface which combines stress and fracture mechanics failure criteria was employed to derive the damage initiation and evolution for the mixed-mode delamination of the interface elements.Numerical analysis and experiments were both carried out on a 2D woven glass fibre/epoxy laminate.The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental counterparts,verifying the progressive failure model of a woven composite laminate.The proposed model will enhance the understanding of dynamic deformation and progressive failure behavior of composite laminate structures in the low velocity impact process.

solitary waves shock waves dust charge variation dusty plasma

The nonlinear propagation of dust acoustic waves is investigated in four-component plasmas consisting of positively charged dust grains, trapped ions, nonthermal electrons, and photoelectron due to ultraviolet irradiation.We use generalized viscoelastic hydrodynamic model for strongly coupled dust grain. In the weak nonlinearity limit, a modified Kadomstev–Petviashvili（KP） equation and a modified KP-Burger equation, which have a damping term coming from nonadiabatic charge variation, have been derived in the kinetic regime and hydrodynamic regime, respectively. With the increasing of UV photon flux, the hydrodynamic regime changes to kinetic regime. The approximate analytical line soliton and shock solutions are investigated in the kinetic regime and hydrodynamic regime, respectively.