冲击动载荷作用下软岩力学参数变化及破坏模式研究

对泥岩、砂质泥岩2种软弱岩石利用分离式霍普金森实验系统进行冲击动载实验。通过实验研究及理论分析发现,深井软弱岩石在冲击动载下动态抗压强度、动态弹性模量、泊松比随随应变率的增大而增加;破碎尺寸随应变率的增大而减小。破坏模式为拉伸破坏和剪切破坏。

动载荷下Mn13Cr2Mo高锰耐磨铸钢形变硬化行为

采用分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)的测试方法对不同冲击载荷下典型高锰铸钢Mn13Cr2Mo的形变硬化行为进行了系统研究。结果表明,随着气缸压强由0.2MPa增加至0.8MPa,Mn13Cr2Mo铸钢形变硬化过程可近似分解为线性硬化、非线性硬化两阶段;当压强为0.2 MPa时,线性硬化维持至约107 MPa时开始向非线性硬化阶段转变。当压强由0.4 MPa增加至0.6 MPa时,线性硬化向非线性硬化阶段转变的临界强度由123 MPa增加至356 MPa;在非线性硬化阶段,当压强高于0.4 MPa时高锰钢的应变硬化率明显提高。综合考虑线性硬化向非线性硬化的转变强度以及高锰钢的加工硬化速率,当气缸压强高于0.6 MPa时,由线性硬化向非线性硬化阶段转变的临界强度达到约356 MPa。材料在非线性硬化阶段的应变硬化率较高,此时试验用Mn13Cr2Mo高锰耐磨铸钢形变硬化能力被充分激发。

降低高速传动齿轮组动载荷冲击的方法研究

对高速齿轮的发展现状、高速齿轮传动中的动载荷冲击及由此产生的振动与噪声作了一定的研究,对产生原因作了详尽的分析,并提出了多种降噪方法,而且对其中几种方法作了可行性分析。

静载与冲击加载方式下滚刀破岩特性

为了研究在单一恒定静载荷和冲击动载荷这2种情况下盘形滚刀破岩机制,使用颗粒离散元法建立滚刀破岩的二维数值模型。通过控制破岩的垂直载荷,对滚刀破岩动态过程进行分析并研究静载荷、冲击动载荷和冲击次数对滚刀破岩特性的影响,最后通过实验对静载荷下滚刀破岩情形进行验证。研究结果表明:在单一恒定静载荷下,滚刀破岩效果随着静载荷增大而提高;当静载荷达到一定值后,破岩效果提升不明显,存在1个最佳静载荷使破岩效果最优;在冲击动载荷作用下,岩石裂纹扩展情况与静载荷的扩展情况相似,但岩石内部以剪切破坏为主;随着循环冲击动载荷以及施加次数增大,岩石内部产生的裂纹数增大并且有向水平贯穿的趋势,破岩比能耗先减少后变化不大;滚刀在动静载荷作用下比能耗的变化趋势基本一致,冲击动载荷破岩的比能耗比静载荷作用下的比能耗高,大约是静载荷破岩比能耗的1.4倍。

行星齿轮传动提高工作平稳性的优化设计

以冲击振动理论为基础,以行星齿轮传动在工作中所受冲击动载荷和振幅最小为目标。在现有齿轮设计标准和规范的条件下,提出了行星齿轮传动优化设计的数学模型。实例计算结果表明,本文所述方法可行、有效。

大中型斜拉索管桥清管动力特性分析

大中型管桥常常是油气输送管道系统中的关键部位,呈现高次超静定、高柔性的结构特点,清管过程中形成的积液会在管桥处产生强烈的冲击动载荷作用而破坏管桥结构的稳定性。为此,考虑斜拉索管道跨越结构恒载产生的初始内力、拉索垂度等几何非线性因素,将塔架简化为变截面梁,建立了斜拉索管桥清管动力分析有限元模型。按照管桥积液流动具有的移动荷载时间历程的特性,采用荷载步施加动载荷。结合实例分析了不同清管工况条件下斜拉索管桥跨越结构的振动位移、临界积液长度以及临界清管速度,从而为现场安全清管作业提供了依据。

风力发电增速箱齿轮传动平稳性优化设计研究

为了提高风力发电增速箱工作的平稳性,以冲击振动理论为基础,使行星齿轮传动在工作中所受冲击动载荷、振动振幅及各级齿轮传动的总体积最小为目标函数,提出了风力发电增速箱中齿轮传动优化设计的数学模型,并利用MATLAB进行编程,得出最优解。

某减速器脱啮运行使用寿命仿真研究

某减速器运行过程中振动加速度传感器记录到明显的脱啮冲击现象,由于齿轮脱啮带来的冲击易加速齿轮的疲劳磨损,对于强度较低的齿轮甚至易引起失效断裂,因此以齿根弯曲应力及齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命为研究目标,对该齿轮副脱啮运行状态下的使用寿命进行仿真研究。首先利用Solid Works及其插件Gear Trax建立传动系统三维模型,在ADAMS中对输入轴施加相应的转矩波动模拟脱啮,计算齿轮副脱啮状态下的冲击动载荷。在考虑此冲击动载荷的情况下,利用ANSYS对该齿轮副进行弯曲疲劳使用寿命仿真分析,最终仿真计算结果表明脱啮运行状态下该减速器齿轮齿根弯曲应力远小于其许用应力,弯曲疲劳使用寿命达到3×10^(6)次循环,为无限寿命,较为可靠。

双电机冗余驱动加油开关齿轮减速机构设计

对加油开关齿轮减速机构进行设计与分析,综合考虑设计工况及设计要求,对其进行建模以及静力学分析和加速冲击动载荷仿真分析。结果表明,设计的加油开关齿轮减速机构满足设计要求和设计工况,其最大应变、最大变形和最大瞬时冲击应力均小于许用值。加工的实物验证了有限元模型的准确性,经过试验能够实现各项功能且并无干涉,完全符合设计要求。

发动机组合件试车架数字化设计方法

为了适应液体火箭发动机组合件试车振动与脉冲载荷大、空间尺寸变化大、试验参数调整幅度大及热环境复杂等特点,组合件的试车架需要在复杂力热环境下具备快速调整能力,提出了一种发动机组合件试车架的数字化设计方法,该方法包括了虚拟装配与三维设计、模块化组件设计,可靠性设计及优化设计等内容。利用Pro-E三维建模实现了虚拟装配,确保支撑结构的合理可靠;模块化设计方法的应用提高了设计效率与结构快速适应性;结构强度计算应用有限元静态仿真及模态分析方法,解决了快速脉冲及振动载荷环境下的可靠性设计;通过一维搜索优化设计方法,解决了热管道支撑结构的优化设计。该方法已应用于液体火箭发动机某滚控装置的试车架设计中,同时为类似形式组合件试验试车架设计提供了参考。

圆筒形爆破容器的弹塑性动力响应

对圆筒形爆破容器在冲击性动载荷作用下的弹塑性动力响应问题进行了探索性理论分析,给出了容器的动态弹塑性应力计算式,为该类容器在冲击性内压作用下的动态实验研究和弹塑性动力强度设计提供了一定的理论依据。

Constitutive model for concrete subjected to impact loading

To better design and analyze concrete structures, the mechanical properties of concrete subjected to impact loadings are investigated. Concrete is considered to be a two-phase composite made up of micro-cracks and solid parts which consist of coarse aggregate particles and a cement mortar matrix. The cement mortar matrix is assumed to be elastic, homogeneous and isotropic. Based on the Moil-Tanaka concept of average stress and the Eshelby equivalent inclusion theory, a dynamic constitutive model is developed to simulate the impact responses of concrete. The impact compression experiments of concrete and cement mortar are also carried out. Experimental results show that concrete and cement mortar are rate-dependent. Under the same impact velocity, the load-carrying capacity of concrete is higher than that of cement mortar. Whereas, the maximum strain of concrete is lower than that of cement mortar. Regardless of whether it is concrete or cement mortar, with the increase in the impact velocity, the fragment size of specimens after experiment decreases.

崩落法转充填法采场隔离矿柱合理厚度研究

对于崩落法开采向充填法开采转变的矿山,受崩落法开采的采动影响,其工程地质条件会变得相对复杂,围岩完整性及其稳定性相对较差,开采技术条件相对复杂。为确保矿山下一步生产作业的安全,必须要在崩落法采场与充填法采场之间留设隔离矿柱。本文结合矿山实际工程地质条件,创新地采用了以考虑采空区顶板垮塌冲击动载荷的弹性小薄板理论为代表的多种理论分析方法,确定了崩落法转充填法采场之间水平隔离矿柱的尺寸,采用结合矿山围岩移动参数和Bieniawski矿柱强度理论的方式,计算了崩落法转充填法采场之间隔离间柱的尺寸。与此同时,采用Phase2二维数值模拟的方式对隔离间柱的尺寸合理性进行了验证,最终实现了矿山崩落法到充填法的顺利转型,在保证矿山下一步安全回采的基础上,提高了矿石回收率,为矿山创造了一定的经济效益。

Dynamic response of fixed-roof oil-storage tank structure under blast loading

In order to investigate the damage and deformation mechanism of large scale steel fixed-roof oil-storage tanks under the combustible gas explosion, a series of explosion experiments of scaled models are conducted. The l： 25 scaled numerical models of oil-storage tanks with a capacity of 5 000 m3 are also set up by ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, and their damage processes under the blast impact are numerically simulated. Both the experimental results and the numerical simulations show that the blast loading curve displays a pressure jump instantaneously at the moment of contact with the experimental models, and the overpressure peaks at the stagnation area of the outer surface on the blast side. The yield range first appears at the stagnation area and then propagates to the neighboring parts, and the irregular plastic hinge circle obviously appears around the deformation area, which results in the concaved buckling of the tank inner surface. During the whole process, the inner liquid not only impacts on the structures, but also absorbs and consumes part of the blast energy.

Dynamic response of cylindrical cavity to anti-plane impact load by using analytical approach

The transient response of an unlimited cylindrical cavity buried in the infinite elastic soil subjected to an anti-plane impact load along the cavern axis direction was studied.Using Laplace transform combining with contour integral of the Laplace inverse transform specifically,the general analytical expressions of the soil displacement and stress are obtained in the time domain,respectively.And the numerical solutions of the problem computed by analytical expressions are presented.In the time domain,the dynamic responses of the infinite elastic soil are analyzed,and the calculation results are compared with those from numerical inversion proposed by Durbin and the static results.One observes good agreement between analytical and numerical inversion results,lending the further support to the method presented.Finally,some valuable shear wave propagation laws are gained: the displacement of the soil remains zero before the wave arrival,and after the shear wave arrival,the stress and the displacement at this point increase abruptly,then reduce and tend to the static value gradually at last.The wave attenuates along the radial,therefore the farther the wave is from the source,the smaller the stress and the displacement are,and the stress and the displacement are just functions of the radial distance from the axis.

Numerical study of RC beams under various loading rates with LS-DYNA

Having an accurate understanding of concrete behavior under effects of high strain rate loading with the aim of reducing incurred damages is of great importance. Due to complexities and high costs of experimental research, numerical studies can be an appropriate alternative for experimental methods. Therefore, in this research capability of the finite element method for predicting concrete behavior at various loading conditions is evaluated by LS-DYNA software. First, the proposed method is presented and then is validated in three stages under different conditions. Results of load-lnidspan displacement showed good agreement between experimental and finite element results. Capability of finite element method in analyses of beams under various rates of loading was also validated by low error of the results. In addition, the proposed method has reasonable ability to evaluate reinforced concrete beams under various loading rates and different conditions.

Dynamic Analysis of Structural Columns Subjected to Impulsive Loading

For a building structure subjected to impulsive loading, particularly shock and impact loading , the response of the critical columns is crucial to the behaviour of the entire system during and after the blast loading phase. Therefore, an appropriate evaluation of the column response and damage under short-duration impulsive loading is important in a comprehensive assessment of the performance of a building system. This paper reports a dynamic analysis approach for the response of RC columns subjected to impulsive loading. Considering that the dynamic response of a column in a frame structure can also be affected by the floor movement which relates to the global vibration of the frame system, a generic column-mass model is used, in which a concentrated mass is attached to the column top to simulate the effect of a global vibration. To take into account the high shear effect under impulsive load, the model is formulated using Timoshenko beam theory, and three main nonlinear mechanisms are considered. Two typical scenarios, one under a direct air blast loading, and another under a blast-induced ground excitation, are analyzed and the primary response features are highlighted.

Effects of thermal treatment on physical and mechanical characteristics of coal rock

To study the physical and mechanical properties of coal rock after treatment at different temperatures under impact loading, dynamic compression experiments were conducted by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB). The stress–strain curves of specimens under impact loading were obtained, and then four indexes affected by temperature were analyzed in the experiment: the longitudinal wave velocity, elastic modulus, peak stress and peak strain. Among these indexes, the elastic modulus was utilized to express the specimens' damage characteristics. The results show that the stress–strain curves under impact loading lack the stage of micro-fissure closure and the slope of the elastic deformation stage is higher than that under static loading. Due to the dynamic loading effect, the peak stress increases while peak strain decreases. The dynamic mechanical properties of coal rock show obvious temperature effects. The longitudinal wave velocity, elastic modulus and peak stress all decrease to different extents with increasing temperature, while the peak strain increases continuously. During the whole heating process, the thermal damage value continues to increase linearly, which indicates that the internal structure of coal rock is gradually damaged by high temperature.

Strain Growth in Containment Vessels

Strain growth is a phenomenon observed in containment vessels subjected to internal blast loading. The elastic response of the vessel may become larger in a later stage compared to its response during the initial stage. The dynamic responses of infinitely long cylindrical containment vessels subjected to uniformly-distributed internal blast loading are studied using LS-DYNA. The development of bending modes and the interaction between the breathing mode and bending modes are observed. The methodology developed for dynamic elastic buckling analysis is employed to study the strain growth phenomenon in explosion containment vessels. It is shown that the dynamic instable vibration of a containment vessel is the basic mechanism of strain growth.

Numerical Simulation on Hydroelastic Response of Structure under Impact Load from Water Using Eulerian Scheme with Lagrangian Particles

Hydroelasticity caused by water impact is of concem in many applications of ocean engineering/naval architect and is a complicated physical phenomenon. The authors have developed a coupled Eulerian scheme with Lagrangian particles to combine advantages and to compensate disadvantages in both grid based method and particle based method. In this study, the developed numerical model was applied to hydroelastic problems due to impact pressure such as water entry of an elastic cylinder and elastic tanker motion in wave. The authors showed the numerical results which is overall agreement with experimental results. The proposed numerical scheme can be useful and effectiveness to evaluate hydroelasticity and ship-wave interaction in nonlinear wave motion with breaking.