舰船动力设备抗冲击评估方法综述

舰船动力设备的抗冲击能力是舰船安全稳定运行的重要保障,而合理的评估方法可以较为方便地获得动力设备的抗冲击特性预测结果。首先,将冲击过程分为低/高速碰撞冲击过程和非接触爆炸冲击过程,基于主从系统关系,阐述舰船设备非一体化与一体化抗冲击方法,总结舰船动力设备的抗冲击研究进展,提出舰船动力设备抗冲击领域的重点研究技术。然后,结合舰船设备一体化方法(分为等效静力法、动态设计分析法及时域分析法)的特点,总结得出:等效静力法仅适用于低频影响的结构简单动力设备;动态设计分析法忽略了邻近设备、隔振系统及船体结构对冲击输入载荷的影响;时域分析法仅适用于爆炸冲击等特定场景或冲击信号输入;而舰船设备一体化考虑了船体结构–基座–隔振系统–动力设备形成的多自由度系统,其计算结果更贴近于实船工况,但建模和计算成本较高。最后,展望了舰船动力设备抗冲击的重要发展方向,包括评估方法的准确选取、抗冲击试验台的合理改进、冲击响应信号提取分析、动力设备多场耦合作用分析、动力设备物理模型简化研究、内部流动介质等效替代研究、数据挖掘和深度学习方法融合等。

某复合材料折叠翼优化设计与展开冲击评估

折叠翼作为机载武器的关键部件,其动力学设计与评估对武器的可靠性具有重要影响。本文针对复合材料折叠翼在高压燃气驱动下引起的极端冲击断裂问题,采用Adams-Nastran联合动力学仿真分析方法,考虑折叠翼展开过程中结构动态特性影响,对到位冲击工况下折叠翼结构优化前后的强度进行了仿真评估,并通过地面伸展试验进行了验证。结果表明,仿真结果与试验结果吻合度较高,展开到位时间、到位速度、缓冲位移和缓冲力等均在误差允许范围内;通过替换复材弹翼内部材料增加抗弯刚度,薄弱区域应力水平降低了35.8%,满足冲击动载荷力学环境设计要求,可为未来更高性能复合材料翼的设计提供参考。

基于冲击启动过程的近场围岩冲击危险性电磁波CT评估方法

近年来,随着开采深度和强度的逐渐增大,冲击地压灾害发生频率逐年升高,严重威胁矿井的安全生产。针对目前基于现场实测的冲击危险性评价方法仅从能量聚集角度进行危险性判别,导致评价结果不能反映现场全部冲击危险情况的问题,考虑了冲击启动过程经历的"能量释放→能量传递→冲击显现"3个阶段,分析了基于冲击启动过程的冲击危险性评估原理,通过理论研究,构建了包括能量集中指数、屈服接近指数、能量传递衰减指数和支护损伤指数等4个指标,设定了各指标的权重,包括根据各指标量值差异程度设定的属性权重,以及根据各指标危险等级设定的等级权重;由此,以电磁波CT探测系统为平台,建立了能够划分近场围岩冲击危险区域及危险等级的电磁波CT评估方法,并将该方法编程实现。应用此方法对亭南煤矿207工作面现场实测数据进行处理,发现区段煤柱内布置巷道大幅升高了相邻煤柱区的应力集中程度及支护损伤程度,进而增大了相邻煤柱区的冲击危险性。通过钻屑法验证了基于冲击启动过程的冲击危险性评估方法的有效性。该方法依据冲击启动过程将评估体系细化,能够有效提升对冲击危险区域及危险等级的辨识度,为巷道冲击地压治理提供了更为准确的依据,尤其能为煤柱区冲击地压防治提供借鉴。

飞机着陆冲击响应谱分析

相比大多文献采用的改进递归滤波器方法,利用拉普拉斯定理建立的冲击响应谱(SRS)模型,其物理意义更明确,易于工程人员理解应用。利用斜波响应不变法得到了冲击谱数字滤波器系数,编写了冲击响应谱计算软件。利用典型的冲击脉冲信号对软件进行了算法验证,最后利用软件对固定翼飞机着陆数据进行了冲击响应谱计算和分析。结果表明,该软件可以快速、精确的计算出冲击响应谱,为准确评估机载设备的抗冲击特性,以及减振防冲设计提供了便捷的工具。

相控阵天线阵面冲击波毁伤分析

以爱国者雷达天线为模拟目标，搭建了用于爆炸冲击波毁伤试验的相控阵天线阵面。该天线阵面采用真实的雷达天线阵面结构，合理布局有限个含有移相器的模块、收集阵和辐射阵的天线单元、模拟波控功能的电路模块、模拟电源、模拟馈源系统以及天线罩。对相控阵天线阵面实弹爆炸后，采用分类统计方法对毁伤（单元失效）的效果进行了分析和评估。

Assessment of rapid impact compaction in ground improvement from in-situ testing

Ground improvement has been used on many construction sites to densify granular materials, in other word, to improve soil properties and reduce potential settlement. This work presents a case study of ground improvement using rapid impact compaction （RIC）. The research site comprises the construction of workshop and depots as part of railway development project at Batu Gajah-Ipoh, Malaysia. In-situ testing results show that the subsurface soil comprises mainly of sand and silty sand through the investigated depth extended to 10 m. Groundwater is approximately 0.5 m below the ground surface. Evaluation of improvement was based on the results of pre- and post-improvement cone penetration test （CPT）. Interpretation software has been used to infer soil properties. Load test was conducted to estimate soil settlement. It is found that the technique succeeds in improving soil properties namely the relative density increases from 45% to 70%, the friction angle of soil is increased by an average of 3°, and the soil settlement is reduced by 50%： The technique succeeds in improving soil properties to approximately 5.0 m in depth depending on soil uniformity with depth.

Rockburst hazard assessment based on electromagnetic emission in Xingfu Mine

In order to research the danger caused by the rockburst, the electromagnetic emission （EME） in the coal rock was monitored and analyzed. The higher the stress in the coal is, the stronger the deformation and the failure are, and also the signal of the EME will be. The EME is increased by a relatively large margin before the slight shock and rockburst break out at spot. Therefore, some methods to monitor and forecast the danger of rockburst were proposed, including the critical point and devia- tion values, which was by non-contract method. In the end, the observation of EME in Xingfu was used to analyze and forecast the danger level by the rockburst. Then, the measures were proposed to prevent and cure the rockburst.

Strategic Environmental Assessment:A New Tool for Ecological Urbanization of Coastal Cities in China

Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coastal areas, consequently affecting the sustainable development of coastal cities. In 2002, Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act) was enacted in China. Environmental impact assessment targeted at planning, one level of strategic environmental assessment (SEA), thus became a legislative requirement. This paper considers SEA to be one of the important approaches not only to control coastal pollution, but also to conserve coastal ecosystems and finally to achieve sustainable development during urbanization, thus it will be a set an example for other areas of China. The experience of SEA in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeast China, illustrates the potentials of SEA. This paper first briefly introduces the concept and potentials of SEA, then compares two SEA cases and a project EIA case in Xiamen, and finally identifies the key characteristics of SEA.

Application of Charpy Impact Absorbed Energy to the Safety Assessment Based on SINTAP

The European Structural Integrity Assessment Procedure（SINTAP） was applied to the assessment of welded joints of the API 5L X65 pipeline steel with an assumed embedded flaw and surface flaw at the weld toe. At default level（ level 0）, the assessment point was established by esti- mating fracture toughness value K1c conservatively from Charpy energy test data. At the same time, the analysis level 1 （basic level）was applied based on the fracture toughness CTOD. Then the two assessment levels were compared. The assessment results show that all assessment points are located within the failure lines of analysis levels 0 and 1. So the welded joint of the pipeline is safe. It can be concluded that the assessment based on Charpy absorbed energy is practicable when other fracture toughness data are not available, or cannot be easily obtained. The results are conservative.

Evaluation of cathode quality and damage of aluminium electrolytic cell based on non-destructive technology

To evaluate the quality and damage condition of the electrolyzer,wave velocity detection technology and impact echo technology were used to detect the cathode part of the electrolyzer.The experimental results show that wave velocity is linearly related to the porosity,and there is also a linear relationship between wave velocity and the square root of reciprocal density in cathode carbon blocks(CCBs)before installation into electrolyzer.Combined with detection results of wave velocity and voltage drop,the large-size CCBs with relatively good quality can be found.Through the impact echo technology on cathode steel rods(CSRs),the results of the on-site detection show that the damage condition of CSRs can be effectively evaluated,and the damage location of CSRs can be determined.This study proposes a novel and quantifiable method for the evaluation of cathode quality and damage,which provides a reference for prolonging the service life of the electrolyzer.

飞机着陆冲击响应谱分析

相比大多文献采用的改进递归滤波器方法,利用拉普拉斯定理建立的冲击响应谱(SRS)模型,物理意义明确,易于工程人员理解应用。本文利用斜波响应不变法得到冲击谱数字滤波器系数,编写冲击响应谱计算软件。利用典型的冲击脉冲信号对软件进行算法验证,最后利用软件对固定翼飞机着陆数据进行冲击响应谱计算和分析。结果表明,该软件可以快速、精确地计算出冲击响应谱,为准确评估机载设备的抗冲击特性及减振防冲设计,提供了便捷的工具。

煤岩体变形破坏的能量演化模型及冲击危险性评价

建立了煤岩体单元变形破坏过程中能量输入、积聚、耗散、释放的理论计算模型,基于冲击启动理论和围岩变形破坏后的结构防冲能力,提出冲击失稳判据及危险性判断流程。以孟村4号煤层掘进巷道冲击显现事故为工程案例,分析了巷道掘进后围岩变形破坏、能量演化特征,判别了冲击危险性,验证了冲击危险性评估流程的正确性。分析了地应力对冲击危险性的影响。结果表明:水平偏应力越大,冲击危险性越高;掘进方向与最大水平应力垂直时,冲击危险性最高,与最大水平主应力平行时,冲击危险性最低。以冲击变形能非线性增大速率为判别准则,计算出临界采深。本文案例中,采深超过500m后,冲击变形能变化速率较浅部变化速率增大了10倍。造成冲击危险性非线性增大的原因是煤岩体能量积聚和释放增长速率在500m后显著增大:能量积聚增长速率为埋深小于500m时的5.3倍,能量耗散基本不变,能量释放增长速率为1.8倍。