油气钻井中的分离式冲击-切削复合破岩机制研究

近年来高频冲击类钻井提速理论及工具飞速发展,有效解决了聚晶金刚石复合片(polycrystalline diamond compact,简称PDC)钻头在复杂难钻地层存在的黏滑、回弹震荡等问题,但PDC齿在冲击载荷下的失效问题较为突出。为此,提出了一种新型分离式冲击-切削复合钻头,有效地解决冲击载荷对PDC齿寿命的不利影响。该钻头与传统冲击类工具作用机制不同,破岩机制尚不明确,亟需开展相关研究。基于新型分离式冲击-切削复合破岩形式,分别开展了单元齿冲击、切削以及两者不同组合形式下的破岩试验研究,并进行了相应的数值分析。结果表明,冲击齿冲击岩石形成冲击坑后,冲击波在岩石内部进一步传递,降低了冲击坑附近区域岩石的强度,有效地减少了切削时切削齿所受切削力,提高了破碎体积。同时基于正交试验,对冲击速度、冲击角度以及冲击坑与切削齿偏移距离等因素进行参数敏感性分析,研究了不同冲击参数对冲击-切削复合破岩的影响。上述研究揭示了冲击-切削复合破岩机制以及冲击齿与切削齿最佳组合方式,对油气钻井中的冲击破岩工具设计研究具有重要参考价值。

冲击-切削联合破碎瓷砖机理与建模

为了研究磨头磨粒的破碎瓷砖机理,分析抛光机的结构和运行原理,提出磨粒在冲击与切削联合作用下破碎瓷砖,并分析其机理。建立磨粒冲击破碎瓷砖和切削破碎瓷砖的模型,综合理论分析得出:磨头转速、磨头压力、磨粒粒度号是影响瓷砖破碎的主要因素。多磨块磨头可以提高瓷砖的磨削深度。

动静载荷耦合作用下岩石破碎理论分析及试验研究

根据压头侵入岩石的断裂特征,确定了动静载荷耦合侵入岩石过程中所形成的中间、径向和侧向裂纹长度与侵入载荷、冲锤质量和冲击速度关系式,分析了冲击–静压切削组合破岩模式下冲击间距(频率)对破岩效果的影响。在自行研制的动静态多功能岩石破碎试验台上,以花岗岩为试验对象分别进行了动静耦合载荷侵入岩石试验和冲击–静压切削破岩试验。结果表明:组合载荷模式能大幅度提高破岩效果,冲击间距与切削深度之比值对破岩比能耗有很大影响,并且存在最优比值可使破岩达到最佳效果;合理的加载方式应是冲击载荷使岩石产生足够大的开裂区,再与之匹配适当的静压和切削力将开裂区岩石切削下来;大冲击能、高冲击频率、小冲击间距对于破碎脆性硬岩有较好的效果。

新型多功能岩石破碎试验装置

设计了一种运用冲击动载与静压组合切削破碎岩石的新型试验装置,分析了该装置的破岩力学参数。该装置具有多种功能,既可进行单一静压切削、冲击破碎和静力侵入岩石的试验,又可进行动、静组合加载的切削试验,以及单一刀头、多刀头或滚压试验。对平端式PDC、硬质合金刀具在不同载荷施加方式下的花岗岩、砂浆块进行多种破碎试验,结果表明:该试验装置可操作性强,工作参数可控,所得试验数据可靠。

Simulation and experimental study of 7A09 aluminum alloy milling under double liquid quenching

To explore the influence of double liquid quenching on the cutting performance of the 7A09 aluminum alloy,quasi-static compression and dynamic impact tests were carried out on the 7A09 aluminum alloy after double liquid quenching using an MTS810.23 universal testing machine and split-Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The experimental data were fitted to obtain the Johnson–Cook constitutive model parameters of the alloy.Simulations of the machining process were carried out using the Deform-3D finite element software.The results showed that the rheological stress increased with the increase in strain rate and the decrease in temperature.The increase in the cutting speed and feed caused the cutting temperature to rise sharply,whereas the influence of the cutting amount on the cutting temperature was weak.Because of the presence of chip nodules,there was extremum in the cutting force vs cutting speed curves.The increase in the feed and cutting depth increased the cutting area Ac,so the cutting force also increased.The simulation results were verified by experiments.The simulation predictions were in good agreement with the test values,and the cutting force and temperature variations with the cutting parameters were the same.Thus,the correctness of the 7A09 aluminum alloy finite element model was verified.

Dynamic rupture and crushing of an extruded tube using artificial neural network(ANN)approximation method

A numerical study of the crushing of thin-walled circular aluminum tubes has been carried out to investigate the crashworthiness behaviors under axial impact loading. These kinds of tubes are usually used in automobile and train structures to absorb the impact energy. Previous researches show that thin-walled circular tube has the highest energy absorption under axial impact amongst different structures. In this work, the crushing between two rigid flat plates and the tube rupture by 4 and 6 blades cutting tools is modeled with the help of ductile failure criterion using the numerical method. The tube material is aluminum EN AW-7108 T6 and its length and diameter are 300 mm and 50 ram, respectively. Using the artificial neural network （ANN）, the most important surfaces of energy absorption parameters, including the maximum displacement of the striker, the maximum axial force, the specific energy absorption and the crushing force efficiency in terms of impact velocity and tube thickness are obtained and compared to each other. The analyses show that the tube rupture by the 6 blades cutting tool has more energy absorption in comparison with others. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that tube cutting with the help of multi-blades cutting tools is more stable, controllable and predictable than tube folding.