钻井泵冲数实时测量方法研究

针对目前钻井泵的冲数测量方法中测量周期长、无法及时掌控工况的问题,提出了一种通过测量钻井泵冲数的脉冲周期变化实现钻井泵冲数检测的方法,利用单片机及C语言实现了系统的软硬件开发。该方法可迅速反应出冲数的变化情况,使现场人员及时掌握钻井泵的工作情况,提高了钻井工程的安全性。

谈钻井泵冲数实时测量方法的研究以及泵冲计数器的应用

现在我国所使用的钻井泵冲数测量的方法在测量的过程中存在测量的周期长，不能正确及时的反应出工况的实际情况的问题，因此在我国石油开采过程中钻井泵冲实时测量方法的研究受到了普遍的关注，一种新型的旨在通过测量钻井泵冲数的脉冲周期的变化来实现钻井泵冲数检测的新方法得到了广泛的应用，本文就对钻井泵冲数实时测量方法以及钻井泵冲计数器的应用进行简要的研究。

泥浆泵冲数的测量原理与实现

根据周期和频率互为倒数理论,阐述了两种用测量周期的方法,实现对泥浆冲数的测量方案。这两种方案都具有实施简单、可靠性能高、实时性好等优点。

机采井参数优选方法研究

机械采油系统效率是油田生产的重要指标,它综合反映了油田的技术装备和技术管理水平。目前国内机械采油系统中存在参数匹配不合理造成能量损耗大、经济效益差的问题。本文在系统效率分析的基础上,根据国内外统计资料及在临盘采油厂的应用试验结果,对机械采油参数配置给出了“长冲程、大泵径、低冲数”的指导性意见。

δ函数在电学中的应用

δ函数性质特殊,其应用散见于各类著作之中。但由于它的特殊性质,特别是它的良好积分特性,使它在系统分析中成为简便有力的教学工具。介绍了它在电学上的应用。

后效气录井油气上窜速度的准确计算

通过后效气录井能够判断地层流体性质和在一定时间内钻井液侵入情况,可以间接地对储集层进行评价分析,但后效气录井使用常规的油气上窜速度计算方法常常无法得到准确的数据。在新疆等工区进行试验发现,利用总泵冲数方法精确计算从开泵到后效气显示出峰之间的迟到时间,可以对油气上窜速度计算方法进行改进,不仅能够较准确地确定油气层的归位深度,并可利用油气上窜速度等数据指导钻井井控工作,保证钻井安全施工正常进行。

Model Order Reduction Methods for Discrete Systems via Discrete Pulse Orthogonal Functions

This paper explores model order reduction(MOR)methods for discrete linear and discrete bilinear systems via discrete pulse orthogonal functions(DPOFs).Firstly,the discrete linear systems and the discrete bilinear systems are expanded in the space spanned by DPOFs,and two recurrence formulas for the expansion coefficients of the system’s state variables are obtained.Then,a modified Arnoldi process is applied to both recurrence formulas to construct the orthogonal projection matrices,by which the reduced-order systems are obtained.Theoretical analysis shows that the output variables of the reducedorder systems can match a certain number of the expansion coefficients of the original system’s output variables.Finally,two numerical examples illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Dynamic analysis of pavement on long span steel bridge decks

In order to analyze the dynamic response of pavement on long-span steel bridge decks under random dynamic loads, the irregularities of the pavement surface is simulated with the power spectrum density function, and the random load is calculated according to a vehicle vibration equation of vehicle model. The mechanical responses of three different cases are compared by using a transient dynamic analysis method, i. e., under random dynamic load, constant moving load and dead load respectively. The results indicate that the mid-span of two adjacent transversal diaphragms is the worst load position. The maximum vertical displacement and the maximum transversal tensile stress of the pavement are 1.33 times and 1.39 times as much as those when only considering the impact coefficients. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for the mixture design and structural design of pavement, but also puts forward higher demand on the construction and maintenance for steel deck pavement.

油气上窜速度的现场计算

完井作业中测量油气上窜速度极为重要 ,文章叙述了一定条件下现场采用累计泵冲数法代替迟到时间法计算油气上窜速度。

Pulsed digital micro-holography of femto-second order by double-wavelength recording

Double-wavelength recording used in a pulsed digital micro-holographic system to record ultra-fast processing of the order of femto-second is reported for the first time, where a BBO crystal is used to generate harmonic wave of the incident laser wave, and both of the basic and the frequency doubled waves are time-delayed and introduced to a Michelson＇s interferometer to record two sub-holograms with different spatial frequencies on a single frame of a CCD. In the experiment, an ultrafast dynamic process of air ionization induced by a single femto-second laser pulse is recorded with holography by this system, and both of intensity and phase difference images digitally reconstructed are obtained through Fourier transformation and digital faltering, which show clearly the dynamic process of formation and propagation of the plasma, with a time resolution of the order of femto-second.

Forming defects in aluminum alloy hot stamping of side-door impact beam

The forming defects, including thinning, rupture, wrinkling and springback, usually arising in producing a side-door impact beam, were investigated by trial and numerical simulation. A temperature-related constitutive model specific to the temperature range from 350 °C to 500 °C was established and used for the numerical simulation. The trial and numerical simulation were conducted to clarify the quantitative characteristics of forming defects and to analyze the effects of process parameters on the forming defects. Results show that the rupture situation is ameliorated and the springback is eliminated in the aluminum alloy hot stamping. The wrinkling severity decreases with increasing blank holder force (BHF), but the BHF greater than 15 kN causes the rupture at the deepest drawing position of workpiece. The forming defects are avoided with lubricant in the feasible ranges of process parameters: the BHF of 3 to 5 kN and the stamping speed of 50 to 200 mm/s.

深水钻井油气上窜速度的一种计算方法

油气上窜速度是现场进行油气层评价和井控安全评估的重要参数。在南海东部海域深水作业过程中,使用常规油气上窜速度计算方法,发现计算结果会产生较大误差。通过使用泵冲数与容积相结合的方法,并在开启增压泵的情况下引入有效泵冲数,解决了增压泵开启对油气上窜速度计算的影响。通过在南海东部多口深水井的现场实际应用表明,该计算方法正确可靠、效果明显,为钻井和井下作业安全施工提供了重要依据。

后效气油气上窜速度的准确计算

准确计算后效气的油气上窜速度计算是录井井控工作的一项重要的工作内容。现场录井采用迟到时间法计算后效气上窜速度。在现场运用迟到时间法计算后效气油气上窜速度的时候,迟到时间的大小、油气层深度、开泵时刻、后效出峰时刻、钻头位置、钻井液静止时间等数据的选择都会影响到计算的精度。特别是在复杂工况下迟到时间的选择直接影响到计算的准确性。根据在川东北多年的现场经验采用总泵冲迟到时间计算法,可以充分利用综合录井仪的数据简单高效地计算油气上窜速度。同时对现场其他影响油气上窜速度计算准确度的因素进行了讨论,并对现场如何消除各种因素引起的计算误差提出了具体的解决办法。

Research on velocity and acceleration geophones and their acquired information

Based on the research of two geophone types （10 Hz moving-coil velocity and piezoelectric acceleration） and their velocity and acceleration parameters, frequency response functions have been determined, as well as the differences between them. Also, shock- vibration tests have been accomplished, not only to explain the two shock response signal differences, but also to analyze the response signal characteristics and its ability to carry information. In addition, seismic data acquisition experiments have been carried out under comparable conditions in the field. A contrast analysis of shot gathers and stack profiles acquired with the two geophone types is given in this paper. The results show that the acceleration signal from the acceleration geophone has a better advantage in terms of high signal-to-noise ratio, high accuracy, high resolution, and quantity of information to better meet current and future requirements for seismic exploration.

Dynamic interacting relationships among international oil prices, macroeconomic variables and precious metal prices

From the perspective of long-term and short-term, the methods of TY causality test, generalized impulse response function, variance decomposition were used to investigate the impacts of international oil prices and macroeconomic variables on Chinese gold, silver and platinum prices, but also the feedback effects of Chinese precious metal prices under this impact. The results show that international oil prices play an important role in precious metal price variation both in long-term and short-term, and exchange rate only has an effect in short-term, while interest rate is ineffective in predicting precious metal prices. In addition, precious metal prices have some feedback effects on international oil prices and interest rate in short-term.

Hamiltonian Reduction of Quantum Systems Controlled by Pulses

We explores Hamiltonian reduction in pulse-controlled finite-dimensional quantum systems with near-degenerate eigenstates. A quantum system with a non-degenerate ground state and several near-degenerate excited states is controlled by a short pulse, and the objective is to maximize the collective population on all excited states when we treat all of them as one level. Two cases of the systems are shown to be equivalent to effective two-level systems. When the pulse is weak, simple relations between the original systems and the reduced systems are obtained. When the pulse is strong, these relations are still available for pulses with only one frequency under the first-order approximation.

Empirical Analysis on Rural Financial Development and Farmers' Income Increase in China

The growth of farmer＇s incomes is cIoseIy reIated to rural finance. The research analyzed the dynamic reIationship of rural financial deveIopment, efficiency and farmer＇s incomes based on VAR modeI, and the resuIts indicated that the ex-pansion of rural finance wouId stimuIate farmer＇s incomes in a Iong term, and the growth of rural financial efficiency significantIy improves farmer＇s incomes in a short term, instead of a Iong term. Hence, it is necessary to introduce more credit funds and social funds to rural areas, deepen rural financial system reform and acceIerate use rate of Ioan capital and enhance guidance for farmers and township enterprises in use of Ioan capitals.

A Novel ADC Architecture for Digital Voltage Regulator Module Controllers

The design and implementation of a novel ADC architecture called ring-ADC for digital voltage regulator module controllers are presented. Based on the principle of voltage-controlled oscillators＇ transform from voltage to frequency,the A/D conversion of ring-ADC achieves good linearity and precise calibration against process variations compared with the delay-line ADC. A differential pulse counting discriminator also helps decrease the power consumption of the ring-ADC. It is fabricated with a Chartered 0.35μm CMOS process, and the measurement results of the integral and differential nonlinearity performance are 0.92LSB and 1.2LSB respectively. The maximum gain error measured in ten sample chips is ± 3.85%. With sampling rate of 500kHz and when the voltage regulator module （VRM） works in steady state, the ring-ADC＇s average power consumption is 2.56mW. The ring-ADC is verified to meet the requirements for digital VRM controller application.

Numerical modeling of seabed morphological effects from the construction of artificial islands in Danzhou, Hainan

Haihua Islands is a large artificial island in Danzhou, Hainan. The construction of Haihua Islands changes the hYdrodynamic environment of Yangpu waters, and further affects its morphological change. Delft3D is used to set up a two dimensional nested hydrodynamic and sediment model for Yangpu waters in this paper, and this paper focuses on simulating the velocity and morphological change due to the construction of Haihua Islands after the verification of the model. The seabed deposition is small because of low suspended sediment concentration and less sand source near Yangpu waters. The bed level erodes in the south area of Xiaochan Reef and the Yangpu channel due to the velocity increase in the area.

泵冲传感器安装使用新方法

在钻井过程中,我们都知道钻井泥浆泵起着非常重要的作用,称为钻井系统的心脏,一旦泥浆泵停止工作,钻井施工就无法进行。而在处理井涌、井漏、压井施工等作业中更是起着重要的作用。而测量泵冲数的传感器就是泵冲传感器。泵冲传感器是通过探测泵轴的转动或活塞杆的直线运动来测得泵冲数。为了准确测量泥浆泵的泵冲数,泥浆泵的安装非常重要。目前泵冲传感器的安装需要用到焊结作业,给录井安装工作带来了很大的麻烦,不但安装的时候需要焊接作业,在泵的正常运行中如果焊接装置脱落,还要停泵重新焊接,不但影响钻井作业,也影响了录井的服务质量。尤其是越来越多的录井队伍走出国门进入海外国际录井市场,在国际录井市场,尤其是在国外海上钻井平台,对焊接的要求很严,在海上不让在安装位置随便焊接。我们以前的安装方式不适应国外录井市场的需要,需要改进方法。以提高我们的安装郊率,适应国际录井市场的需要。