CO2 removal from biogas by water washing system was investigated with various parameters, including liquid/ gas ratio, pressure, temperature, and CO2 content. The results indicate that CO2 removal ratio could reach 34...CO2 removal from biogas by water washing system was investigated with various parameters, including liquid/ gas ratio, pressure, temperature, and CO2 content. The results indicate that CO2 removal ratio could reach 34.6%- 94.2% as liquid/gas ratio increased from 0.14 to 0.50. Increasing pressure （from 0.8 to 1.2 MPa） could improve gas purification with a constant inflow rate of gas. Temperature played a key role in the process and lower temper- ature in absorption tower was beneficial for reducing CO2 content. CO2 removal ratio could reach 24.4%-83.2% when CO2 content in the simulated gas was 25%-45%. The lowest CO2 content after absorption was 2.6% at 1.2 MPa with 400 L·h-1 gas flow and 200 L·h-1 water flow, which meets the requirement of CO2 content in natural Ras for vehicle fuel.展开更多
Measurements ofpH, total alkalinity （TA）, partial pressure of CO2 （pCO2） and air-sea CO2 flux （FCO2） were conducted for the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea （ECS） during August 2011. Variations in...Measurements ofpH, total alkalinity （TA）, partial pressure of CO2 （pCO2） and air-sea CO2 flux （FCO2） were conducted for the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea （ECS） during August 2011. Variations in pCO2 distribution and FCO2 magnitude during the construction of the Three Gorges Dam （TGD） （2003-2009）, and the potential effects of the TGD on the air-sea CO2 exchange were examined. Results showed that the ECS acts as an overall CO2 sink during summer, with pCO2 ranging from 107 to 585 p.atm and an average FCO2 of -6.39 mmol/（m2·d）. Low pCO2 （〈350 μatm） levels were observed at the central shelf （28°-32°N, 123°-125.5°E） where most CO2-absorption occurred. HighpCO2 （〉420 μatm） levels were found in the Changjiang estuary and Hangzhou Bay which acted as the main CO2 source. A negative relationship between pCO2 and salinity （R2=0.722 0） in the estuary zone indicated the predominant effect of the Changjiang Diluted Water （CDW） on the seawater CO2 system, whereas a positive relationship （R2=0.744 8） in the offshore zone revealed the influence of the Taiwan Current Warm Water （TCWW）. Together with the historical data, our results indicated that the CO2 sink has shown a shift southwest while FC02 exhibited dramatic fluctuation during the construction of the TGD, which is located in the middle reaches of the Changjiang. These variations probably reflect fluctuation in the Changjiang runoff, nutrient import, phytoplankton productivity, and sediment input, which are likely to have been caused by the operations of the TGD. Nevertheless, the potential influence of the TGD on the CO2 flux in the ECS is worthy of further study.展开更多
In this research, the effects of initial moisture content and needed impact energy on threshing of soybean pods were studied. An impact device was built based of pendulum mechanism. In the experiments, threshing perce...In this research, the effects of initial moisture content and needed impact energy on threshing of soybean pods were studied. An impact device was built based of pendulum mechanism. In the experiments, threshing percentage of soybean pod samples were measured at three initial moisture content levels of 16.25% and 35% w.b. and three energy levels of 173,284 and 446 mJ. The results of analysis of variance showed that moisture content and energy have significant effects on the threshing percentage. By increasing impact energy, amount of pod threshing increased. Also in all the energy levels, maximum threshing occurred at minimum moisture. Maximum threshing percentage was 83.4%, which was at 16% moisture content and 446 mJ levels, also minimum threshing percentage was 3.3% which was at 35% moisture content and 174 mJ levels. Soybean pod with higher moisture, contact between its edges of the pod was stronger than lower moisture, so more energy was needed to separate two edges at 35% moisture.展开更多
Residence time is an important indicator for river environmental management.In this paper,a 3D hydrodynamic model has been successfully applied to Little Manatee River to characterize the mixing and transport process ...Residence time is an important indicator for river environmental management.In this paper,a 3D hydrodynamic model has been successfully applied to Little Manatee River to characterize the mixing and transport process and residence time.The model employs horizontal curvilinear orthogonal grids to represent the complex river system that consists of branches and bayous.The model has been satisfactorily calibrated and verified by using two continuous data sets.The data sets consist of hourly observations of all forcing boundaries,including freshwater inputs,tides,winds,salinity and temperatures at bay boundary,and air temperatures for model simulations.The data sets also consist of hourly observations of water levels,salinity,and temperature at several river stations.The calibrated and verified hydrodynamic model was used to predict residence time in the Little Manatee River.Under the minimum flow of 0.312 m3/s,the pulse residence time(PRT) is 108 days.Model simulations were also conducted for 17 flow scenarios.Empirical regression equations have been satisfactorily derived to correlate PRT to freshwater inflow.Correlation coefficient R2 is 0.982 for PRT.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Technology Research and Development Program of China(2008AA062402)the China-US International Cooperation Project(2011DFA90800)the Ministry of Science and Technology,China
文摘CO2 removal from biogas by water washing system was investigated with various parameters, including liquid/ gas ratio, pressure, temperature, and CO2 content. The results indicate that CO2 removal ratio could reach 34.6%- 94.2% as liquid/gas ratio increased from 0.14 to 0.50. Increasing pressure （from 0.8 to 1.2 MPa） could improve gas purification with a constant inflow rate of gas. Temperature played a key role in the process and lower temper- ature in absorption tower was beneficial for reducing CO2 content. CO2 removal ratio could reach 24.4%-83.2% when CO2 content in the simulated gas was 25%-45%. The lowest CO2 content after absorption was 2.6% at 1.2 MPa with 400 L·h-1 gas flow and 200 L·h-1 water flow, which meets the requirement of CO2 content in natural Ras for vehicle fuel.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2010CB951802)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA05030402)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups(No.41121064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40906056)the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean(No.200905012-9)
文摘Measurements ofpH, total alkalinity （TA）, partial pressure of CO2 （pCO2） and air-sea CO2 flux （FCO2） were conducted for the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea （ECS） during August 2011. Variations in pCO2 distribution and FCO2 magnitude during the construction of the Three Gorges Dam （TGD） （2003-2009）, and the potential effects of the TGD on the air-sea CO2 exchange were examined. Results showed that the ECS acts as an overall CO2 sink during summer, with pCO2 ranging from 107 to 585 p.atm and an average FCO2 of -6.39 mmol/（m2·d）. Low pCO2 （〈350 μatm） levels were observed at the central shelf （28°-32°N, 123°-125.5°E） where most CO2-absorption occurred. HighpCO2 （〉420 μatm） levels were found in the Changjiang estuary and Hangzhou Bay which acted as the main CO2 source. A negative relationship between pCO2 and salinity （R2=0.722 0） in the estuary zone indicated the predominant effect of the Changjiang Diluted Water （CDW） on the seawater CO2 system, whereas a positive relationship （R2=0.744 8） in the offshore zone revealed the influence of the Taiwan Current Warm Water （TCWW）. Together with the historical data, our results indicated that the CO2 sink has shown a shift southwest while FC02 exhibited dramatic fluctuation during the construction of the TGD, which is located in the middle reaches of the Changjiang. These variations probably reflect fluctuation in the Changjiang runoff, nutrient import, phytoplankton productivity, and sediment input, which are likely to have been caused by the operations of the TGD. Nevertheless, the potential influence of the TGD on the CO2 flux in the ECS is worthy of further study.
文摘In this research, the effects of initial moisture content and needed impact energy on threshing of soybean pods were studied. An impact device was built based of pendulum mechanism. In the experiments, threshing percentage of soybean pod samples were measured at three initial moisture content levels of 16.25% and 35% w.b. and three energy levels of 173,284 and 446 mJ. The results of analysis of variance showed that moisture content and energy have significant effects on the threshing percentage. By increasing impact energy, amount of pod threshing increased. Also in all the energy levels, maximum threshing occurred at minimum moisture. Maximum threshing percentage was 83.4%, which was at 16% moisture content and 446 mJ levels, also minimum threshing percentage was 3.3% which was at 35% moisture content and 174 mJ levels. Soybean pod with higher moisture, contact between its edges of the pod was stronger than lower moisture, so more energy was needed to separate two edges at 35% moisture.
基金supported by the Southwest Florida Water Management District
文摘Residence time is an important indicator for river environmental management.In this paper,a 3D hydrodynamic model has been successfully applied to Little Manatee River to characterize the mixing and transport process and residence time.The model employs horizontal curvilinear orthogonal grids to represent the complex river system that consists of branches and bayous.The model has been satisfactorily calibrated and verified by using two continuous data sets.The data sets consist of hourly observations of all forcing boundaries,including freshwater inputs,tides,winds,salinity and temperatures at bay boundary,and air temperatures for model simulations.The data sets also consist of hourly observations of water levels,salinity,and temperature at several river stations.The calibrated and verified hydrodynamic model was used to predict residence time in the Little Manatee River.Under the minimum flow of 0.312 m3/s,the pulse residence time(PRT) is 108 days.Model simulations were also conducted for 17 flow scenarios.Empirical regression equations have been satisfactorily derived to correlate PRT to freshwater inflow.Correlation coefficient R2 is 0.982 for PRT.
