基于马铃薯全粉的代餐粉冲溶特性和蛋白质营养评价

考察了预处理对马铃薯全粉冲溶特性和慢消化淀粉(SDS)含量的影响,确定了代餐粉主原料的预处理方式,并对七个配方代餐粉的冲溶特性、SDS含量和蛋白质营养进行了分析。结果表明,常压蒸制处理可使马铃薯全粉的溶解度、膨胀度和SDS含量提高,各指标分别达到了33.79%、20.01%和21.59%。以常压蒸制的马铃薯全粉和小米粉为主的不同配方代餐粉的溶解度、膨胀度和SDS含量差异不大,但冲溶性得分差异显著(P<0.05)。配方4代餐粉的溶解度、膨胀度、SDS含量和冲溶性得分分别为29.9%、25.10%、24.9%和71.88,综合冲溶特性较好。代餐粉的蛋白质营养分析表明,配方4和配方5代餐粉的EAA/TAA和EAA/NAA分别达到了37%、37%和0.59、0.58,与FAO/WHO的理想蛋白质较接近。配方4代餐粉的RCAA值在0.83~1.20之间,与FAO/WHO推荐必需氨基酸模型符合度较高。配方5代餐粉的SRCAA和EAAI值分别为81.02和72.04,蛋白质的营养较好。由此,结合EAA、TAA、NAA和SRCAA与EAAI指标综合评价代餐粉蛋白质的营养价值较为客观。且马铃薯全粉占比65%~70%、黄小米占比15%~20%、黑小米粉占比5%~10%以及杏鲍菇粉占比0.05%~0.1%配制的代餐粉的蛋白质综合评分较高。

黑木耳凝胶颗粒冲溶饮品的研制

用黑木耳提取其有效成份,配伍其它营养辅助因子,可制得风味独特口感良好的保健品凝胶颗粒冲溶 饮品,加工过程中采用提取、配浆、造粒喷雾干燥等工艺。产品外观呈疏松轻脆的多孔状颗粒,具有良好的冲 溶性、分散性和稳定性。经试验,黑木耳加工成黑木耳凝胶的料液浓缩比(A)20:1、料液温度(B)46℃、 进风温度(C)148℃、排风温度(D)为103℃。得率和质量的主次因素为D>C>A>B。

Conditionally restricted fluorescent probe for Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)based on the naphthalimide structure

To address the lack of systematic studies on heavy metal fluorescent probes in typical buffer solutions,this study developed a Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)fluorescent probe,DHU‑NP‑4,based on a naphthalimide fluorophore.Comparative analysis of the probe's performance in various buffer systems revealed that buffers with high organic content are unsuitable for evaluating such probes.Furthermore,the pH of the solvent system was found to significantly influence the probe's behavior.Under highly acidic conditions(pH≤2),DHU‑NP‑4 exhibited exceptional specificity for Fe^(3+),while in alkaline conditions,it demonstrated high specificity for Cu^(2+).Leveraging these properties,the probe enabled the quantitative detection of Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)in solution.

四金排石颗粒成型工艺研究

目的研究四金排石颗粒的最优成型处方。方法以溶化时间、粒度合格率和吸湿性为指标,按综合评分法进行优选。结果最优成型处方是浸膏粉∶糊精∶乳糖的比例为3∶2∶1。结论混合辅料与浸膏粉制粒,能取长补短,有利制成颗粒均匀、冲溶性、抗湿性好的颗粒。

关于水厂加矾系统的自动控制

该系统是以 PLC、变频器、计量泵为核心的闭环控制系统，是全厂自动化系统的一个子系统，是建立在全厂 DCS集散系统下的一个子分站，具有厂调度中心集中控制，分站自动控制，现场手动控制功能，具有实用可靠、先进、经济、易于维护的特点，保证了自动加矾系统具有良好的运行效果。

使用洗衣粉三忌

洗衣粉是家庭的主要洗涤剂,怎样使用才能充分发挥效用?一忌沸水冲溶。

生活之友

引起新生儿呕吐的原因较多,如果不能根据病因给予恰当的护理和及时治疗,会出现不良后果。 出生后1～2天的婴儿,常因在分娩过程中吞入了羊水,刺激胃而发生呕吐。这种呕吐可随着羊水吐净而自行缓解。然而。

Effect of aging treatment on evolution of S'phase in rapid cold punched Al−Cu−Mg alloy

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),and hardness test were used to study the evolution of long plate-shaped S'phase in the spray-formed fine-grained Al−Cu−Mg alloy during aging after rapid cold punching deformation.Results show that the long plate-shaped S'phase in the extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy undergoes evident distortion,brittle failure,separation and redissolution,during rapid cold punching deformation,leading to the transformation of long plate-shaped S'phase into short rod or even redissolution and disappearance,causing the matrix to become a supersaturated solid solution.After the aging treatment,the reprecipitation of the phases occurs,and these aging phases are mainly long plate-shaped and granular.The incompletely dissolved S'phase acts as nucleation core,promoting uphill diffusion of the surrounding solute atoms.The S'phase gradually grows with increasing the aging time.The completely dissolved S'phase forms the incoherent equilibrium phase with the matrix to reduce its free energy.After rapid cold punching,the aging response of the deformed Al−Cu−Mg alloy is accelerated,and the hardness of the alloy is substantially increased.

Hierarchical cobalt phenylphosphonate nanothorn flowers for enhanced electrocatalytic water oxidation at neutral pH

Cobalt-based phosphate/phosphonates are a class of promising water oxidation catalysts at neutralpH.Herein,we reported a facile hydrothermal synthesis of various nanostructured cobalt phe-nylphosphonates.It is found that the number of hydroxyl group of structure-directing reagent iscrucial for the construction of 3D hierarchical structures including hierarchical nanosheet flow-er-like assemblies and nanothorn microsphere.These samples were characterized by scanningelectron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,infrared,and X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy techniques.They can act as highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygenevolution reaction at neutral pH.Among these,hierarchical cobalt phenylphosphonate nanothornflowers present excellent performance,affording a current density of 1 mA cm^-2 required a smalloverpotential of 393 mV.This work offers a new clue to develop high-performance metal phospho-nate/phosphate catalysts toward electrochemical water oxidation.

Effect of solution treatment time on plasticity and ductile fracture of 7075 aluminum alloy sheet in hot stamping process

The effect of solution treatment time on the post-formed plasticity and ductile fracture of 7075 aluminum alloy in the hot stamping process was studied.Tensile tests were conducted on the specimens subjected to the hot stamping process with different solution treatment time.The digital image correlation(DIC)analysis was used to obtain the strain of the specimen.Based on the experiments and modeling,the Yld2000-3d yield criterion and the DF2014 ductile fracture criterion were calibrated and used to characterize the anisotropy and fracture behavior of the metal,respectively.Furthermore,the microstructure of specimens was studied.The experimental and simulation results indicate that the 7075 aluminum alloy retains distinct anisotropy after the hot stamping process,and there is no obvious effect of extending the solution treatment time on the material anisotropy.However,it is found that a longer solution treatment time can increase the fracture strain of the aluminum alloy during the hot stamping process,which may be related to the decrease of the second-phase particles size.

Buffer anion effects on water oxidation catalysis: The case of Cu(Ⅲ) complex

Water oxidation is the bottleneck of artificial photosynthesis.Since the first ruthenium-based molecular water oxidation catalyst,the blue dimer,was reported by Meyer’ s group in 1982,catalysts based on transition metals have been widely employed to explore the mechanism of water oxidation.Because the oxidation of water requires harsh oxidative conditions,the stability of transition complexes under the relevant catalytic conditions has always been a challenge.In this work,we report the redox properties of a CuⅢ complex(TAML-CuⅢ] with a redox-active macrocyclic ligand(TAML) and its reactivity toward catalytic water oxidation.TAML-CuⅢ displayed a completely different electrochemical behavior from that of the TAML-CoⅢ complex previously reported by our group.TAML-CuⅢ can only be oxidized by one-electron oxidation of the ligand to form TAML·+-CuⅢand cannot achieve water activation through the ligand-centered proton-coupled electron transfer that takes place in the case of TAML-CoⅢ.The generated TAML·+-CuⅢ intermediate can undergo further oxidation and ligand hydrolysis with the assistance of borate anions,triggering the formation of a heterogeneous B/CuOx nanocatalyst Therefore,the choice of the buffer solution has a significant influence on the electrochemical behavior and stability of molecular water oxidation catalysts.

HPLC Analysis of Egg Yolk Phosphatidylcholine by Evaporative Light Scattering Detector

Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine(EYPC) is being widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries nowadays owing to its surface activity,pharmaceutical usefulness,and so on.Common determination methods of phospholipids were based on the American Oil Chemists' Society(AOCS) Official Method Ja7b-91,in which n-hexane/2-propanol/acetate buffer was used as the mobile phase.In order to achieve desired results,gradient elu-tion or buffer solution was used,which made the detection process more complicated.Moreover,water or buffer solution could affect the silica gel column both on its lifespan and the separation efficiency significantly.In this study,different mobile phase and detector were used to simplify EYPC analyzing process instead of using water within the mobile phase.The optimized HPLC operating conditions are as follows:pure methanol as a mobile phase,flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1,silica gel column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm,Inertsil GLTM),column temperature 30 ℃ and low temperature evaporative light scattering detector(40 ℃,0.35 MPa) as used.Under this optimal condition,the linear relative coefficient of the standard curve is 0.998 and the recovery was in the range of 96.83%-101.58% with a relative standard deviation of 1.79%(n=6).

Free Oxide Distribution in Poorly and Well Drained Soils Developed on Calcareous Alluvial Deposits

A study on the distribution of free iron and manganese oxides was conducted in soils developed on calcareous alluvial deposits under subhumid climatic conditions, in Western Greece. Soil samples from two well drained soils and from two poorly drained soils, classified as Alfisols, were collected and used in this study. After certification of soil homogeneity the acid ammonium oxalate and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate methods were used to extract free iron and manganese oxides from the samples. Iron oxides extracted by the dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate method (Fed) were significantly higher than the iron oxides extracted by the ammonium oxalate method (Feo), indicating that a considerable fraction is present in crystalline forms,independent of drainage status. A confirmation of free iron oxides and fine clay was detected. The ratios Feo/Fed and (Fed-Feo)/total Fe (Fet) could not be used to distinguish the well drained soils from the poorly drained soils. Manganese movement in a soluble form is independent of the fine clay.

Prediction of dispersed phase holdup in pulsed disc and doughnut solvent extraction columns under different mass transfer conditions

Using experimental data from a number of pulsed disc and doughnut solvent extraction columns, a unified correla- tion for the prediction of dispersed phase holdup that considers the effects of mass transfer is presented. Pulsed disc and doughnut solvent extraction columns （PDDC） have been used for a range of important applications such as ura- nium extraction and nuclear fuel recycling. Although the dispersed phase holdup in a PDDC has been presented by some researchers, there is still the need to develop a robust correlation that can predict the experimental dispersed phase holdup over a range of operating conditions including the effects of mass transfer direction. In this study, dis- persed phase holdup data from different literature sources for a PDDC were used to refit constants for the correlation presented by Kumar and Hartland lind. Eng. Chem. Res.,27 （1988）,131-138] which did not consider the effect of col- umn geometry. In order to incorporate the characteristic length of the PDDC （i.e. the plate spacing）, the unified cor- relation for holdup proposed by Kumar and Hartland based on data from eight different types of columns [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,34 （1995） 3925-3940] was refitted to the PDDC data. New constants have been presented for each hold- up correlation for a PDDC based on regression analysis using published holdup data from PDDCs that cover a range of onerating conditions and nhwical nronerties and consider the direction of mass transfer.

Electrodeposition of nickel from alkaline NH_4OH/NH_4Cl buffer solutions

The electrodeposition of nickel on steel and copper from alkaline NH4OH/NH4Cl buffer solutions was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP), chronoamperometry (CA) as well as an opto-digital microscope, glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES), XRF, and SEM-EDS techniques. The aim was to obtain Ni coatings from weak alkaline solutions and to optimize the process. The electrolyte composition, pH, temperature as well as current and potential parameters of the process were optimized using the quality of Ni deposit as a criterion. The role of hydrogen evolution in the process was discussed. An influence of Co as an additive was also investigated. It was found that a small amount of Co catalyzes Ni deposition process and improves the quality and color of the deposit. Therefore, in the possible application, the Ni/Co codeposition should be seriously considered. It was also shown that for constant current deposition mode, the width of self-established potential range, revealed at the very beginning of the process by the chronopotentiometric E=f(t) curves, is related to the quality of the coating.

Re-dissolution and re-precipitation behavior of nano-precipitated phase in Al-Cu-Mg alloy subjected to rapid cold stamping

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffractometry(XRD),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and hardness test were used to study the re-dissolution and re-precipitation behavior of nano-precipitates of the spray-formed fine-grained Al-Cu-Mg alloy during rapid cold stamping deformation.Results show that the extruded Al-Cu-Mg alloy undergoes obvious re-dissolution and re-precipitation during the rapid cold-stamping deformation process.The plasticθ′phase has a slower re-dissolution rate than the brittle S′phase.The long strip-shaped S′phases and the acicularθ′phases in Al-Cu-Mg alloy after three passes of cold stamping basically re-dissolved to form a supersaturated solid solution.A large number of fine granular balanceθphases precipitate after four passes of rapid cold-stamping deformation.Rapid cold stamping deformation causes the S′phase andθ′phase to break and promote the nano-precipitate phases to re-dissolve.The high distortion free energy of the matrix promotes the precipitation of the equilibriumθphase,and the hardness of the alloy obviously increases from HB 55 to HB 125 after the rapid cold stamping process.

Graphene-gold Nanoparticle Composite Film Modified Electrode for Determination of Trace Mercury in Environmental Water

The graphene-gold nanoparticles composite film modified glassy carbon electrode （EG- AuNPs/GCE） was prepared by one-step coelectrodeposition and employed for determination of trace mercury in environmental water with differential pulse stripping voltammetry. Such a nanostructured composite film combined with the advantages of gold nanoparticles and graphene, can greatly promote the electron-transfer process and increase accumulation abil-ity for Hg（Ⅱ）, leading to a remarkably improved sensitivity. The linear calibration curve ranged from 0.2 μg/L to 30 μg/L for Hg（Ⅱ） and the detection limit （S/N=3） was found to be 0.03 μg/L at a deposition time of 300 s. Moreover, the stablity of the as-prepared electrode and interferences from other substances were evaluated. The modified electrode was successfully applied to the direct detection of Hg（Ⅱ） in real water samples.

Investigation on interaction of L-aspartic acid with Vctoria Green S and its application

The interaction of L-Aspartic acid （Asp） with Vctoria Green S （VGS） in pH 6.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution has been investigated by UV/Vis spectropbotometry and resonance light scattering （RLS） technique. The non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bond, salt linkage and hydrophobic bond were proposed to explain the interaction between VGS and Asp. It indicated that Asp could link each other to form a long chain by salt linkages and hydrogen bonds in aqueous medium. Then the long chain surrounded the hydrophobic groups of VGS via hydrophobic interaction and reacted with VGS by salt linkages and hydrogen bonds to form a macromolecular aggregation. The aggregation was much bigger than VGS itself. So the color became deeper and the system＇s absorption and RLS intensity increased. The increase in the absorbance at 617nm was proportional to the concentration of Asp, providing a basis for the quantitative determination of Asp. This method was simple and efficient than the ordinary methods and had been applied to the direct determination of Asp with satisfactory results.