As a result of the fact that the stabilization program put into force in 1978 and 1979 in the Economy of Turkey could not be efficiently implemented due to the political instability and weak governments, a need to dra...As a result of the fact that the stabilization program put into force in 1978 and 1979 in the Economy of Turkey could not be efficiently implemented due to the political instability and weak governments, a need to draft a new stabilization program emerged. The stabilization program of January 24th, 1980 was prepared in this environment. This is a program which includes the structural transformations in the long term as well as the aims foreseen to be realized in the short term. The program adopted the implementation of significant changes in the structure of the economy and the price mechanism in the market which becomes the only guide as the basic principle. The difference from the previous programs is an economic development program intending to provide a very permanent and structural change in the economy rather than to realize the short-term goals. With the decisions, a large devaluation was implemented, the exchange rate policy and importation were liberated, foreign capital and exportation were encouraged, the subsidies with the exception of energy, fertilizer, and transportation were removed, restrictions were imposed on the support purchases in agricultural products, and the overseas contracting services were supported. There are two structural objectives desired to be performed in the long term, shrinking the public sector and removing the intervention in the markets. The basic philosophy is to decrease the state intervention to the minimum level in the economy and to bring functionality to the market economy and to validate the price mechanism. In this paper, the stabilization decisions in the economy of Turkey belonging to pre- and early post-January 24th period will be comparatively analysed.展开更多
At present the entire world is under the risk of severe environmental problems, due to the expansion of industries, urban population and commercial activities, the city like Delhi （India） faces transportation, envir...At present the entire world is under the risk of severe environmental problems, due to the expansion of industries, urban population and commercial activities, the city like Delhi （India） faces transportation, environmental and economic challenges. Such type of situations demand the addition of knowledge based layer to help the operators to be familiar with exact traffic problem and give the best choice of strategic control actions to the city. In current situation there is a necessity to build systematic, knowledge based tool to analyze and manage the recent or potential air quality issues and traffic noise issues. The paper comprises the creation of knowledge from the information which is extracted from the various data by using knowledge based modules （spreadsheets, database, software, etc.） and some management, optimization models. Such type of knowledge based management tool may act as a Decision Support System （DSS） which will be very supportive in traffic control system. The technology of knowledge-based systems may facilitate in designing and executing suitable knowledge structures to formulate conceptual models for traffic analysis and management and to use such approach for on-line strategic traffic management operations.展开更多
Established during the long years of revolutionary struggle and the founding of the People＇s Republic of China （PRC）, the Communist Party of China（CPC）-led decision-making system has a historical rationality. Bef...Established during the long years of revolutionary struggle and the founding of the People＇s Republic of China （PRC）, the Communist Party of China（CPC）-led decision-making system has a historical rationality. Before China＇s reform and opening-up was implemented in 1978, the decision-making system highlighted centralization which led to disadvantages such as non-existent specialized division of functions, a low level of institutionalization, heavy reliance on experience, an enclosed decision-making mode and non-existent self-correction mechanisms. These disadvantages were institutional factors which ultimately caused the historic tragedy of ＂ Cultural Revolution. ＂After the reform and opening-up, the decision-making structure, mode and mechanism were reformed in order to promote scientific, democratic and law-based decisions. History has shown that the reform has successfully overcome various challenges brought about by China＇s rapidly changing economy and society. From the perspective of political development, the reform has promoted several transitions： from individual controlled decision-making system to a more democratic decision-making process, from being empirical to scientifically-based, from highly centralized decision-making organizations to decentralized one, from an enclosed mode to an open mode, from passive to active participation in the decision-making process and from a non-institutionalized to an institutionalized system. Therefore, the CPC-led open decision-making model based on science and laws and participated by other parties has taken an initial shape.展开更多
Digital evidences can be obtained from computers and various kinds of digital devices, such as telephones, mp3/mp4 players, printers, cameras, etc. Telephone Call Detail Records （CDRs） are one important source of di...Digital evidences can be obtained from computers and various kinds of digital devices, such as telephones, mp3/mp4 players, printers, cameras, etc. Telephone Call Detail Records （CDRs） are one important source of digital evidences that can identify suspects and their partners. Law enforcement authorities may intercept and record specific conversations with a court order and CDRs can be obtained from telephone service providers. However, the CDRs of a suspect for a period of time are often fairly large in volume. To obtain useful information and make appropriate decisions automatically from such large amount of CDRs become more and more difficult. Current analysis tools are designed to present only numerical results rather than help us make useful decisions. In this paper, an algorithm based on Fuzzy Decision Tree （FDT） for analyzing CDRs is proposed. We conducted experimental evaluation to verify the proposed algorithm and the result is very promising.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to provide information for nuclear field specialists and decision makers on opportunities for minimizing radioactive wastes arising from the decontamination ＆ decommissioning of a CANDU...The objective of this paper is to provide information for nuclear field specialists and decision makers on opportunities for minimizing radioactive wastes arising from the decontamination ＆ decommissioning of a CANDU-6 NPP. The paper proposes a method for selection of appropriate decontamination techniques which may be used at Cernavoda NPP decommissioning, equipped with CANDU heavy water reactors, based on the simulation with ProVision software. The paper has a singular focus on physical decontamination techniques and does not address other aspects of decommissioning. The physical decontamination techniques which are the best for certain areas of the CANDU-6 NPP from point of view of effectiveness and cost were determined. A unit cost for each decontamination technique was determined by relating the total cost to the average surface to be decontaminated. In conclusion, physical techniques will apply more efficiently to concrete surfaces. The chemical decontamination methods, in comparison with physical decontamination methods are. more suitable for non-porous surfaces respectively metal and are less recommended for concrete surfaces.展开更多
Groundwater extraction is used to alleviate drought in many habitats. However, widespread drought decreases spring discharge and there is a need to integrate climate change research into resource management and action...Groundwater extraction is used to alleviate drought in many habitats. However, widespread drought decreases spring discharge and there is a need to integrate climate change research into resource management and action. Accurate estimates of groundwater discharge may be valuable in improving decision support systems of hydrogeological resource exploitation. The present study performs a forecast for groundwater discharge in Aquifer?s Cervialto Mountains(southern Italy). A time series starting in 1883 was the basis for longterm predictions. An Ensemble Discharge Prediction(EDis P) was applied, and the progress of the discharge ensemble forecast was inferred with the aid of an Exponential Smoothing(ES) model initialized at different annual times. EDisP-ES hindcast model experiments were tested, and discharge plume-patterns forecast was assessed with horizon placed in the year 2044. A 46-year cycle pattern was identified by comparing simulations and observations, which is essential for the forecasting purpose. ED is P-ES performed an ensemble mean path for the coming decades that indicates a discharge regime within ± 1 standard deviation around the mean value of 4.1 m^3 s^(-1). These fluctuations are comparable with those observed in the period 1961-1980 and further back, with changepoints detectable around the years 2025 and 2035. Temporary drought conditions are expected after the year 2030.展开更多
文摘As a result of the fact that the stabilization program put into force in 1978 and 1979 in the Economy of Turkey could not be efficiently implemented due to the political instability and weak governments, a need to draft a new stabilization program emerged. The stabilization program of January 24th, 1980 was prepared in this environment. This is a program which includes the structural transformations in the long term as well as the aims foreseen to be realized in the short term. The program adopted the implementation of significant changes in the structure of the economy and the price mechanism in the market which becomes the only guide as the basic principle. The difference from the previous programs is an economic development program intending to provide a very permanent and structural change in the economy rather than to realize the short-term goals. With the decisions, a large devaluation was implemented, the exchange rate policy and importation were liberated, foreign capital and exportation were encouraged, the subsidies with the exception of energy, fertilizer, and transportation were removed, restrictions were imposed on the support purchases in agricultural products, and the overseas contracting services were supported. There are two structural objectives desired to be performed in the long term, shrinking the public sector and removing the intervention in the markets. The basic philosophy is to decrease the state intervention to the minimum level in the economy and to bring functionality to the market economy and to validate the price mechanism. In this paper, the stabilization decisions in the economy of Turkey belonging to pre- and early post-January 24th period will be comparatively analysed.
文摘At present the entire world is under the risk of severe environmental problems, due to the expansion of industries, urban population and commercial activities, the city like Delhi （India） faces transportation, environmental and economic challenges. Such type of situations demand the addition of knowledge based layer to help the operators to be familiar with exact traffic problem and give the best choice of strategic control actions to the city. In current situation there is a necessity to build systematic, knowledge based tool to analyze and manage the recent or potential air quality issues and traffic noise issues. The paper comprises the creation of knowledge from the information which is extracted from the various data by using knowledge based modules （spreadsheets, database, software, etc.） and some management, optimization models. Such type of knowledge based management tool may act as a Decision Support System （DSS） which will be very supportive in traffic control system. The technology of knowledge-based systems may facilitate in designing and executing suitable knowledge structures to formulate conceptual models for traffic analysis and management and to use such approach for on-line strategic traffic management operations.
文摘Established during the long years of revolutionary struggle and the founding of the People＇s Republic of China （PRC）, the Communist Party of China（CPC）-led decision-making system has a historical rationality. Before China＇s reform and opening-up was implemented in 1978, the decision-making system highlighted centralization which led to disadvantages such as non-existent specialized division of functions, a low level of institutionalization, heavy reliance on experience, an enclosed decision-making mode and non-existent self-correction mechanisms. These disadvantages were institutional factors which ultimately caused the historic tragedy of ＂ Cultural Revolution. ＂After the reform and opening-up, the decision-making structure, mode and mechanism were reformed in order to promote scientific, democratic and law-based decisions. History has shown that the reform has successfully overcome various challenges brought about by China＇s rapidly changing economy and society. From the perspective of political development, the reform has promoted several transitions： from individual controlled decision-making system to a more democratic decision-making process, from being empirical to scientifically-based, from highly centralized decision-making organizations to decentralized one, from an enclosed mode to an open mode, from passive to active participation in the decision-making process and from a non-institutionalized to an institutionalized system. Therefore, the CPC-led open decision-making model based on science and laws and participated by other parties has taken an initial shape.
文摘Digital evidences can be obtained from computers and various kinds of digital devices, such as telephones, mp3/mp4 players, printers, cameras, etc. Telephone Call Detail Records （CDRs） are one important source of digital evidences that can identify suspects and their partners. Law enforcement authorities may intercept and record specific conversations with a court order and CDRs can be obtained from telephone service providers. However, the CDRs of a suspect for a period of time are often fairly large in volume. To obtain useful information and make appropriate decisions automatically from such large amount of CDRs become more and more difficult. Current analysis tools are designed to present only numerical results rather than help us make useful decisions. In this paper, an algorithm based on Fuzzy Decision Tree （FDT） for analyzing CDRs is proposed. We conducted experimental evaluation to verify the proposed algorithm and the result is very promising.
文摘The objective of this paper is to provide information for nuclear field specialists and decision makers on opportunities for minimizing radioactive wastes arising from the decontamination ＆ decommissioning of a CANDU-6 NPP. The paper proposes a method for selection of appropriate decontamination techniques which may be used at Cernavoda NPP decommissioning, equipped with CANDU heavy water reactors, based on the simulation with ProVision software. The paper has a singular focus on physical decontamination techniques and does not address other aspects of decommissioning. The physical decontamination techniques which are the best for certain areas of the CANDU-6 NPP from point of view of effectiveness and cost were determined. A unit cost for each decontamination technique was determined by relating the total cost to the average surface to be decontaminated. In conclusion, physical techniques will apply more efficiently to concrete surfaces. The chemical decontamination methods, in comparison with physical decontamination methods are. more suitable for non-porous surfaces respectively metal and are less recommended for concrete surfaces.
文摘Groundwater extraction is used to alleviate drought in many habitats. However, widespread drought decreases spring discharge and there is a need to integrate climate change research into resource management and action. Accurate estimates of groundwater discharge may be valuable in improving decision support systems of hydrogeological resource exploitation. The present study performs a forecast for groundwater discharge in Aquifer?s Cervialto Mountains(southern Italy). A time series starting in 1883 was the basis for longterm predictions. An Ensemble Discharge Prediction(EDis P) was applied, and the progress of the discharge ensemble forecast was inferred with the aid of an Exponential Smoothing(ES) model initialized at different annual times. EDisP-ES hindcast model experiments were tested, and discharge plume-patterns forecast was assessed with horizon placed in the year 2044. A 46-year cycle pattern was identified by comparing simulations and observations, which is essential for the forecasting purpose. ED is P-ES performed an ensemble mean path for the coming decades that indicates a discharge regime within ± 1 standard deviation around the mean value of 4.1 m^3 s^(-1). These fluctuations are comparable with those observed in the period 1961-1980 and further back, with changepoints detectable around the years 2025 and 2035. Temporary drought conditions are expected after the year 2030.
