冷东地区沙三段Ⅱ油组储层非均质模式

根据岩芯、测井求取的渗透率和粒度中值等参数变化的特点，将冷东地区沙三段Ⅱ油组划分出正韵律（Ａ）、反韵律（Ｂ）、复合韵律（Ｃ）和均质韵律（Ｄ）４大类２０小类非均质模式。在４种沉积微相中，模式Ａ，Ｃ，Ｄ分别在相Ⅳ、相Ⅱ、相Ⅲ和相Ⅰ中所占比例最高，模式Ｂ则在各微相中差别不大。从相Ⅰ到相Ⅳ砂砾岩厚度减薄，泥质含量增加，粒度中值变小，渗透率增加。从相Ⅰ到相ⅢＶｋ值由小变大，非均质性逐渐增强，相ⅣＶｋ值最小，非均质性较弱。

辽河盆地西部凹陷冷东走滑构造及其对油气成藏的控制作用

本文重点在于剖析陈家走滑逆断层东侧的陡坡带断裂格局,划分出早、中、晚三期断裂系统,并结合钻井地质认识,识别该地区的走滑标志。在剖析该地区油气藏分布特点的基础上,结合本区的石油地质条件,指出走滑构造对冷东-雷家陡坡带油气藏的控制作用。

冷东—雷家地区构造特征研究

通过对本区地层及岩性特征、构造特征研究,总结了本区的地层特点及构造格局。认为本区主要发育两期断裂系统,大约以沙三沉积时期为界限。早期发育西掉反向正断层,晚期发育东掉正断层和断面东倾的逆断层,前者控制了沙三~沙四时期、后者制约着沙三以后的构造发育、沉积相带的分布以及圈闭的形成。对逆断层对沉积的控制作用进行了探讨,并分析了逆断层的发育特点和受力机制,在整体拉张的应力场作用下,由于特定的边界条件,局部地区产生剪切力,并伴随升降运动,演变为压扭,形成逆断层。

利用地层测试资料对冷东—雷家地区进行综合评价

冷东—雷家地区储层类型复杂,原油凝固点高,属于低饱和或不饱和油藏。利用地层测试资料,结合其它静态资料,对辽河油田冷东—雷家地区的油藏特征进行综合评价,对该地区的整体油藏特征进行宏观描述,为该区块整体措施挖潜、效果检查提供了依据。

辽河坳陷冷东地区沙三段浊积岩体的反射特征和发育部位预测

辽河坳陷冷东地区沙三段发育浊积岩体 ,对该区某些关键井的岩性、声波时差曲线、钻测井资料的统计、分析及解释 ,利用地震相移法波动方程正演方法 ,确定出浊积岩体的地震反射特征 ,为其分布提供了判别标志。采用G log技术进行层速度反演处理 ,将层速度从波阻抗中分离出来 ,利用层速度与岩性、孔、渗关系曲线 ,将其转换为岩性平面图 ,结合浊积岩体的岩性、物性特征 ,预测了沙三段浊积岩体的发育部位。预测结果与钻井实测情况相符 ,表明地震反演层速度变化大体反映岩性的变化 ;正演模拟结果表明在时间剖面上解释的地震特征具有扇三角洲 浊积岩的速度结构。

鱼类冷冻精子结构变异的电子显微镜研究

本文以草、鲢、鲤三种鱼为材料,研究了鱼类精液超低温冷冻保存后,精子超微结构的变化。观察结果表明,冷冻造成部分精子细胞膜疏松、破裂、脱落;鞭毛断裂、缠绕;染色质解体、线粒体等内部结构损伤等现象。

利用微生物吞吐技术开采稠油、特稠油

冷家油田冷 4 3块S1+2 油层稠油属特稠油 ,5 0℃脱气原油粘度在 10 0 0 0mPa·s以上。通过优选的假单胞菌L1,LH - 18与短杆菌HY - 2 1对冷 4 3块 8口油井进行吞吐试验 ,共增产原油 94 7t。单井最长有效期超过 6个月 ,最高增产原油 2 80t。该研究拓宽了微生物采油在稠油油藏中应用范围 ,为稠油。

冷41-平13水平井钻井技术

冷东油田冷41块S32油层底水能量大,隔夹层不发育,直井开发底水锥进严重,已进入高含水开发期,含水上升快,开发调整效果差,严重制约了该块开发。通过水平井优化部署及SAGD试验,利用水平井钻井技术,配合井下导向钻井技术可实现对底水活跃超稠油油藏的合理开采。以冷41-平13井为例,介绍了该井钻井实践,总结了利用水平井技术开采底水油藏的一般规律,对同类水平井的施工具有重要的指导意义。

Physiological Analysis on Mechanisms of Cold-tolerance of Dongxiang Wild Rice(Ⅰ)

[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of soluble substance concentration in cell and the scavenging activity of active oxygen radicals on the cold-tolerance physiology of Dongxiang wild rice.[Method] Dongxiang wild rice was used as materials to detect and compare the content of soluble sugar,free proline and soluble protein,POD activity,CAT activity,MDA content in the leaves in different growth periods.Using with control of two species of common cultivated rice Xieqingzao and Nongda 288.[Resul...

浅述冷冻干燥装置制冷系统设计

本文论述了冷冻干燥装置(以下简称冷干装置或冷干)中制冷机负荷的确定;给出了冻干机中的温度参数;并详细分析了冻干机的制冷系统设计和节能方法,对研制冻干机会起到一定帮助作用。

对呼盟岭东耕作制度建设的一些建议

耕作制度是指在一定地区或一个生产单位的农作物种植制度以及与之相适应的一整套技术措施或技术体系,内容包括用地和养地两大部分。耕作制度的实质就是扩大绿色植物的光能利用率,把太阳能转化为人类需要的有机潜能。耕作制度的合理与否,在很大程度上决定着农业生产的发展和效益。本文针对呼盟岭东地区耕作制度的现状,通过分析提出一些建设意见。

Cold event at 5500 a BP recorded in mud sediments on the inner shelf of the East China Sea

A 700-year record （1.0-1.5 a resolution） of the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM）, based on grain-size analysis and AMSI4C dating of Core EC2005 from the inner-shelf mud wedge of the East China Sea （ECS）, was compared with the Dongge stalagmite 8180 record during the mid-Holocene. The upper muddy section of Core EC2005 has been formed mainly by suspended sediments derived from the Changjiang （Yangtze） River mouth since 7.3 ka BP. High precipitation and a strengthened EAWM might have played key roles in the high sedimentation rate （1 324-1 986 crn/ka） between 5.9-5.2 ka BP. The EAWM strengthened when the Asian summer monsoon weakened, especially around 5 500 a BE which corresponded to a worldwide cold event. The EAWM during the mid-Holocene shows statistically significant solar periodicities at 62 and 11 a. The 5 500 a BP cold event might be resulted from orbital forcing and changes in solar activity.

Study on the Evolution of a Northeast China Cold Vortex during the Spring of 2010

Based on the final analysis data with horizontal resolution of 1°× 1°(four times a day) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP), a typical Northeast China cold vortex(NCCV) during the spring of 2010 was examined with the quasi-Lagrange- form eddy flux circulation(EFC) budget equation. Results indicated that the mechanisms that account for the development, maintenance, and attenuation of the cyclone varied with levels and stages. Displacement of the cyclone and transports by background environmental circulations dominated the variation of the cyclone in the middle and upper levels, whereas displacement and divergence associated with the cyclone dominated the evolution of the NCCV in the middle and lower levels. Moreover, interactions between the NCCV and other subsynoptic weather systems were important for the development of the cyclone, and the pattern of background environmental circulations was also important for the evolution of the NCCV, since the cyclone enhanced(weakened) as it moved from areas of low(high) vorticity to high(low) ones.

A subsurface intensity index of the cold eddy in the East China Sea

The Cold Eddy in the East China Sea(CEECS) is located about 150 km southwest of Cheju Island.This region experiences a complex current system under the influences of the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC),the Yellow Sea Coastal Current(YSCC),and the northward Kuroshio residual.To identify the strength of the CEECS,a simple subsurface intensity index is developed.Because the CEECS can be traced by temperature minimum,the intensity index is determined by the difference in sea temperature averaged across cores within and surrounding the region.Based on SODA,the CEECS subsurface intensity index time series can be calculated,with which the inter-annual variation of the CEECS is analyzed.

Controls of seed quantity and quality on seedling recruitment of smith fir along altitudinal gradient in southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Alpine treeline ecotones are harsh environment for tree establishment due to low temperature. Tree establishment at treelines requires favorable climate, suitable microsites, and viable seeds. But most researches have been addressed treeline microclimate and its effects on tree regeneration, the knowledge of seed quantity and quality and its controls on seedling recruitment were limited. We measured seed rain, soil seed bank, seed germination rate and seedling recruitment in natural forests in combination with seed transplanting manipulation to evaluate the controls of seed quantity and quality on seedling recruitment of Abies georgei var. smithii （smith fir） along altitudinal gradient, with focus on treeline ecotone in the Sygera Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Both seed quantity and seed quality of smith fir decreased with increasing altitude and was thereby associated with decline in seed germination rate. Seed quantity and seedling recruitment were better in north-facing slope than in south slope. The treeline ecotone above 42oo m appeared as the threshold altitude to sharply decrease seed quality and seedling recruitment. The emergence and overwintering rates of transplanting seeds from 3600-38oo m also went down remarkably above 4200 m at north-facing slope. It also underpins the fact that treeline ecotone is the bottleneck of seedling recruitment. Our results suggest that seed quantity and quality are the principal limitation of treeline upward advance. This study also provides evidence to support stable treeline position in southeastern Tibetan Plateau.

Stem flow chemistry of Picea glehnii,Abies sachalinensis and Alnus japonica and its effect on the peat pore water chemistry in an ombrogenous mire in Ochiishi,eastern Hokkaido,Japan

We investigated the chemical properties of stemflow of Picea glehnii,Abies sachalinensis and Alnus japonica as well as peat pore water chemistry,including the distance and depth profiles of pore water chemistry,in an ombrogenous mire.The effect of stemflow on the peat pore water chemistry was clear at the stem base in the peat forest in the mire,and the peat pore water around the stem base of a tree had its own chemical properties specific to each species.P.glehnii showed the highest concentration of salts both in stemflow and peat-pore water,whereas A.japonica showed the lowest concentrations;however,the gradient of the chemical environment from the stem base to outside of the canopy is formed.The peat pore water chemistry under the canopy was mainly controlled by the chemical processes diluted by the abundant peat pore water;the stemflow movement in the high water content of the peat was more slowly because of the flat topography（〈 1o）.This would be due to the fact that the chemicals in stemflow would be diluted by the abundant peat pore water.The spatial heterogeneity of chemical environment between microsites within forested peatland would be also contributed indirectly through the control of microorganism activity,and nutrient regeneration mediated the surface water and the stemflow of the dominant canopy trees.

The Cold Vortex Circulation over Northeastern China and Regional Rainstorm Events

In this study,regional rainstorm events (RREs) in northeastern China associated with the activity of the Northeastern China Cold Vortex (NCCV) were investigated on a medium-range time scale.The RREs occurring in northeastern China could be categorized into three groups according to the distribution of heavy rainfall.The largest cluster is characterized by the rainstorm events that occur on the northwestern side of the Changbai Mountains along a southwest-northeast axis.These events occur most frequently during the post-meiyu period.The authors place particular emphasis on the RREs that belong to the largest cluster and are closely associated with the activity of the NCCV.These RREs were preconditioned by the transportation of substantial amounts of water vapor to which the anomalous western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) contributed.The attendant anomalous WPSH was primarily driven by the anomalous transient eddy feedback forcing the nearby East Asian jet.The development of the NCCV circulation was concurrent with the RREs and acted as their primary causative factor.A perspective based on low-frequency dynamics indicates that Rossby wave packets emanated from the blocking-type circulation over northeastern Asia led to the development of the NCCV activity.

Seasonal Variations of Several Main Water Masses in the Southern Yellow Sea and East China Sea in 2011

The seasonal variations of several main water masses in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and East China Sea (ECS) in 2011 were analyzed using the in-situ data collected on four cruises.There was something special in the observations for the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) ,the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) and the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) during that year.The YSWC was confirmed to be a seasonal current and its source was closely associated with the Kuroshio onshore intrusion and the northerly wind.It was also found that the YSCWM in the summer of 2011 occupied a more extensive area in comparison with the climatologically-mean case due to the abnormally powerful wind prevailing in the winter of 2010 and decaying gradually thereafter.Resulting from the reduced Changjiang River discharge,the CDW spreading toward the Cheju Island in the summer of 2011 was weaker than the long-term mean and was confined to flow southward in the other seasons.The other water masses seemed normal without noticeable anomalies in 2011.The Yellow Sea Coastal Current (YSCC) water,driven by the northerly wind,flowed southeastward as a whole except for its northeastward surface layer in summer.The Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) was the strongest in summer and the weakest in winter in its northward movement.The Kuroshio water with an enhanced onshore intrusion in autumn was stable in hydrographic features apart from the seasonal variation of its surface layer.

Refrigeration Calculation and System Design for Medium-term Genebank of Crop Germplasm Resources in Shandong Province

Crop germplasm resources are the material basis for the breeding of new varieties, and strategic resources for food production, ecological security and agricultural sustainable development. Constructing a scientific, environmental-friendly and energy-saving medium-term genebank is essential for preserving crop germplasm resources. However, the construction of medium-term genebank involves a wide range of subjects but lacks unified standard, which might result in many difficulties in the process of construction and application. According to the key parameters of refrigeration system for medium-term genebank, the cooling load was calculated and key system schemes were determined in this paper. Based on the calculation results and designed schemes, the equipment selection was discussed and the standards for construction of bank and monitoring system were proposed with the aim to provide references for germplasm genebank design and equipment selection.

Correlation between Rainfall and Cold Fronts with Gamma Ray Measurements near Ground Level in Southeastern Brazil

Gamma radiation measurements integrated between 200 keV and 10.0 MeV were performed between 03/07/2017 and 05/24/2017 from a tower of 25 meters of altitude in the region of S^o Jos6 dos Campos, SP, Brazil. Throughout this period, there were 9 intense and moderate rains with 11 arrivals of cold fronts coming from southern Brazil. Through measurements of gamma radiation integrated in the energy range mentioned above, the presence of these meteorological parameters and their variations in the region can clearly be observed. Through a potential calibration between the measured gamma radiation intensity and the observed rainfall intensity, it is possible to monitor rains by time interval using this gamma ray detector. Another very important parameter for the region consists of monitoring the number of passages of cold fronts that interfere in the local climatology. This low-cost, easy-to-operate technique can be applied and used in any tropical and equatorial region of the earth＇s surface.