Energy performance assessment on central air-conditioning system is essential to optimize operating, reduce operating costs, improve indoor environmental quality, and determine whether the retrofitting of the equipmen...Energy performance assessment on central air-conditioning system is essential to optimize operating, reduce operating costs, improve indoor environmental quality, and determine whether the retrofitting of the equipment is necessary. But it is difficult to evaluate it reasonably and comprehensively due to its complexity. A "holistic" approach was discussed to evaluate the energy performance of central air-conditioning system for an extra-large commercial building in a subtropical city. All procedures were described in detail, including field investigation method, field measurement instruments, data processing and data analyzing. The main factors affecting energy consumption of air-conditioning system were analyzed and the annual cooling-energy use intensity of this building was calculated and also compared with other shopping malls and other types of buildings in Guangzhou. And COP(coefficient of performance) of chiller, water transfer factor of chilled water system and cooling water system were taken into consideration. At last, the thermal comfort and indoor air quality issues were addressed. The results show that the chilled water pumps are over-sized and the indoor environmental quality should be improved. The purpose of this work is to provide reference for energy performance assessment method for air-conditioning system.展开更多
A simplified model for analysis of heat and mass transfer between air stream and flowing down water film in counter-flow plate heat exchanger which serves as an indirect evaporative cooler is theoretically analyzed in...A simplified model for analysis of heat and mass transfer between air stream and flowing down water film in counter-flow plate heat exchanger which serves as an indirect evaporative cooler is theoretically analyzed in this paper. Indirect evaporative cooler is used for sensible cooling of air which then is used for air conditioning purposes. Mathematical model was developed allowing determining heat transfer surface, outlet air temperature and specific humidity of the air being cooled. To make the model simpler some simplifications have been incorporated. The model has high level of correctness and can be used to calculate and design different types of evaporative heat exchangers. Analysis of results of calculations by the help of the developed model prove that the surface of heat exchanger depends on the thickness of water film layer by the regularity of direct proportionality. Moreover, increasing of the water film thickness brings to the decreasing of the efficiency of evaporative type heat exchanger. The model can be used for correct calculation and design of an evaporative cooling air conditioning systems.展开更多
Proteomics allows the large-scale study of protein expression either in whole organisms or in purified organelles. In particular, mass spectrometry （MS） analysis of gel-separated proteins produces data not only for ...Proteomics allows the large-scale study of protein expression either in whole organisms or in purified organelles. In particular, mass spectrometry （MS） analysis of gel-separated proteins produces data not only for protein identification, but for protein structure, location, and processing as well. An in-depth analysis was performed on MS data from etiolated hypocotyl cell wall proteomics ofArabidopsis thaliana. These analyses show that highly homologous members of multigene families can be differentiated. Two lectins presenting 93% amino acid identity were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting. Although the identification of structural proteins such as extensins or hydroxyproline/proline-rich proteins （H/PRPs） is arduous, different types of MS spectra were exploited to identify and characterize an H/PRP. Maturation events in a couple of cell wall proteins （CWPs） were analyzed using site mapping. N-glycosylation of CWPs as well as the hydroxylation or oxidation of amino acids were also explored, adding information to improve our understanding of CWP structure/function relationships. A bioinformatic tool was developed to locate by means of MS the N-terminus of mature secreted proteins and N-glycosylation.展开更多
基金Project(2011B061200043)supported by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology,China
文摘Energy performance assessment on central air-conditioning system is essential to optimize operating, reduce operating costs, improve indoor environmental quality, and determine whether the retrofitting of the equipment is necessary. But it is difficult to evaluate it reasonably and comprehensively due to its complexity. A "holistic" approach was discussed to evaluate the energy performance of central air-conditioning system for an extra-large commercial building in a subtropical city. All procedures were described in detail, including field investigation method, field measurement instruments, data processing and data analyzing. The main factors affecting energy consumption of air-conditioning system were analyzed and the annual cooling-energy use intensity of this building was calculated and also compared with other shopping malls and other types of buildings in Guangzhou. And COP(coefficient of performance) of chiller, water transfer factor of chilled water system and cooling water system were taken into consideration. At last, the thermal comfort and indoor air quality issues were addressed. The results show that the chilled water pumps are over-sized and the indoor environmental quality should be improved. The purpose of this work is to provide reference for energy performance assessment method for air-conditioning system.
文摘A simplified model for analysis of heat and mass transfer between air stream and flowing down water film in counter-flow plate heat exchanger which serves as an indirect evaporative cooler is theoretically analyzed in this paper. Indirect evaporative cooler is used for sensible cooling of air which then is used for air conditioning purposes. Mathematical model was developed allowing determining heat transfer surface, outlet air temperature and specific humidity of the air being cooled. To make the model simpler some simplifications have been incorporated. The model has high level of correctness and can be used to calculate and design different types of evaporative heat exchangers. Analysis of results of calculations by the help of the developed model prove that the surface of heat exchanger depends on the thickness of water film layer by the regularity of direct proportionality. Moreover, increasing of the water film thickness brings to the decreasing of the efficiency of evaporative type heat exchanger. The model can be used for correct calculation and design of an evaporative cooling air conditioning systems.
文摘Proteomics allows the large-scale study of protein expression either in whole organisms or in purified organelles. In particular, mass spectrometry （MS） analysis of gel-separated proteins produces data not only for protein identification, but for protein structure, location, and processing as well. An in-depth analysis was performed on MS data from etiolated hypocotyl cell wall proteomics ofArabidopsis thaliana. These analyses show that highly homologous members of multigene families can be differentiated. Two lectins presenting 93% amino acid identity were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting. Although the identification of structural proteins such as extensins or hydroxyproline/proline-rich proteins （H/PRPs） is arduous, different types of MS spectra were exploited to identify and characterize an H/PRP. Maturation events in a couple of cell wall proteins （CWPs） were analyzed using site mapping. N-glycosylation of CWPs as well as the hydroxylation or oxidation of amino acids were also explored, adding information to improve our understanding of CWP structure/function relationships. A bioinformatic tool was developed to locate by means of MS the N-terminus of mature secreted proteins and N-glycosylation.
