通脉汤口服与通脉散熏洗治疗阳虚寒凝雷诺氏病随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察通脉汤口服与通脉散熏洗治疗阳虚寒凝雷诺氏病疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法，将40例门诊患者按就诊顺序编号抽签简单随机分为两组，减少寒冷及情绪刺激，患肢保温及戒烟。对照组20例复方丹参片，3片／次，3次／d，温开水送服。。治疗组20例通脉汤口服（辽宁中医药大学制剂室，黄芪50g，当归25g，白芍、炙甘草各15g，细辛5g，路路通10g，桂枝、吴茱萸各15g，柴胡10g，丹参12g，生姜15g，大枣10g），1剂／d，水煎lOOmL，早晚口服；通脉散熏洗（生川乌头、生草乌头各50g，威灵4＆30g，艾叶25g，伸筋草25g，桂枝15g），1剂／d，水煎1500mL，水温约55℃，浸泡熏洗患肢10～15min／次，1次／d。连续治疗2周为1疗程。观测临床症状、患肢端皮色、冷感、肿胀感、麻木、疼痛、症状分级量化评分、冷水实验、握拳试验、不良反应。连续治疗2疗程，判定疗效。[结果]治疗组临床痊愈8例，显效4例，有效6例，无效2例，总有效率90．00％。对照组临床痊愈5例，显效6例，有效4例，无效8例，总有效率60．00％。治疗组疗效优于对照组（P〈0．05）。证候积分两组均有改善（P〈O．01），治疗组改善优于对照组（P〈0．05）。握拳实验、冷水实验两组均有改善（P〈0．01），治疗组改善优于对照组（P〈0．05）。[结论]通脉汤口服与通脉散熏洗治疗阳虚寒凝雷诺氏病，疗效满意，无严重不良反应，值得推广。

制冷剂R32吸气状态对变频转子式压缩机的影响

吸气带液作为一种既不增加系统成本又能降低压缩机排气温度的方法,需要进一步了解其对核心部件压缩机性能的影响,课题组利用变流量水冷冷水机组实验台,R32作为循环系统冷媒,模拟实际运行工况进行实验,研究频率、吸气干度和过热度对滚动转子式压缩机性能的影响。实验研究结果表明:相同工况下,频率越高,系统压比越高;在吸气饱和状态下,同频率下,压比越高,压缩机等熵压缩效率和容积效率越低;相同压比下,频率越高,等熵压缩效率和容积效率越高。吸气带液时,压缩机排气温度急剧下降,综合效率系数达到最大;吸气过热度对压缩机效率几乎无影响,吸气带液时,压缩机效率只有小幅度的下降。得出了R32滚动转子式压缩机适合进行少量吸气带液压缩的结论。

通脉汤口服与通脉散熏洗治疗阳虚寒凝雷诺氏病随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察通脉汤口服与通脉散熏洗治疗阳虚寒凝雷诺氏病疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将40例门诊患者按就诊顺序编号抽签简单随机分为两组,减少寒冷及情绪刺激,患肢保温及戒烟。对照组20例复方丹参片,3片/次,3次/d,温开水送服。治疗组20例通脉汤口服（辽宁中医药大学制剂室,黄芪50g,当归25g,白芍、炙甘草各15g,细辛5g,路路通10g,桂枝、吴茱萸各15g,柴胡10g,丹参12g,生姜15g,大枣10g）,1剂/d,水煎100m L,早晚口服;通脉散熏洗（生川乌头、生草乌头各50g,威灵仙30g,艾叶25g,伸筋草25g,桂枝15g）,1剂/d,水煎1500m L,水温约55℃,浸泡熏洗患肢10-15min/次,1次/d。连续治疗2周为1疗程。观测临床症状、患肢端皮色、冷感、肿胀感、麻木、疼痛、症状分级量化评分、冷水实验、握拳试验、不良反应。连续治疗2疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组临床痊愈8例,显效4例,有效6例,无效2例,总有效率90.00%。对照组临床痊愈5例,显效6例,有效4例,无效8例,总有效率60.00%。治疗组疗效优于对照组（P〈0.05）。证候积分两组均有改善（P〈0.01）,治疗组改善优于对照组（P〈0.05）。握拳实验、冷水实验两组均有改善（P〈0.01）,治疗组改善优于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]通脉汤口服与通脉散熏洗治疗阳虚寒凝雷诺氏病,疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。

Experimental Performance of Moderate and High Temperature Heat Pump Charged with Refrigerant Mixture BY-3

Theoretical and experimental analysis of a new refrigerant mixture BY-3 was conducted based on a single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system. The water-water heat pump system used BY-3 to produce hot water when the low temperature was 20 ℃. The following results were obtained: the highest temperature at the condenser outlet reached about 85 ℃; when the difference between the water temperatures at the condenser outlet and the evaporator inlet was less than 40 ℃, the coefficient of performance (COP) was larger than 4; when the difference reached 55 ℃, the COP still kept 3; the discharge temperature of BY-3 was lower than 100 ℃, and the refrigerant vapor pressure kept lower than 1.8 MPa. When the water temperature at the condenser outlet reached over 85 ℃, nearly a 5 ℃ superheating temperature was maintained.

Experimental Studies on Critical Heat Flux in a Uniformly Heated Vertical Tube at Low Pressure and Flowrates

Investigations into critical beat flux at low flow and pressure conditions are of particular interest when predicting the nuclear reactor core behavior during Loss of Coolant accident （LOCA）. Therefore, critical heat flux （CHF） has been investigated in a uniformly heated vertical round tube at two low system pressures and six low water flowrates. The results have been compared with two correlations which have different approaches and CHF look-up table. Good agreements have been obtained for the three comparisons at the lower sets of mass fluxes. The Bowring correlation was found to be the best to correlate the experimental results with Root Mean Square Error RMSE of 0.54% and 0.56% for the 5 bar and 15 bar system pressure respectively. A comparisons with the Shim and Lee correlation yielded RMSE of 0.23% and 5.74% for the two system pressure respectively. When the look-up table of Groeneveld et al. was used, RMES of 0.55% and 25.2% was obtained for the two system pressure respectively.

Thermal transfer experimental research of a horizontal tube evaporative condenser

The thermal resistances distribution in different wet-bulb temperatures, air velocities and spraying water densities were achieved by the experimental test. The fluctuation of the water film convection and the water-air interfacial thermal resistance were reviewed especially. In the distribution of thermal resistance, the rank of the thermal resistance proportion （from max to min） is air flow heat transfer resistance, heat transfer resistance between refrigerant and wall, water film convection resistance and wall heat transfer resistance. When the heat flux is constant, the total resistance lowers nearly along with the increasing of air flow and water spray density. But there are a best air flow value of 2.98 m/s and a best spray water density of 0.064 kg/（m ·s） respectively, if continue to increase them, condensation performance is not significantly improved any more. The test results are available to improve the evaporative condenser performance and the designing lever.

Experiment on Gas Hydrates Formation by Water Spraying

An experimental investigation of natural gas hydrate formation has been conducted in a high-pressure water spraying reactor,which is cooled by the circulation water through an external cooling jacket.The results show that the morphology of hydrates formed by water spraying is like ice-slurry,which depends on the initial pressure and temperature.At a certain reaction pressure,the rate of hydrate formation is increasing with lower temperature.And also,the induction time of hydrate formation can be greatly shortened by water spraying compared to a quiescent system.Solution with appropriate surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is found to improve the formation rate obviously.

Numerical Analysis of Self-wastage Phenomena Caused by Sodium-Water Reaction in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor throuah Simulant Experiment

A water leakage on the surface of heat transfer tube in a steam generator of sodium-cooled fast reactor causes SWR （sodium-water reaction）. The SWR damages the leak surface and gives rise to the leak enlargement. Most of initial leakage starts from micro leak （less than 0.5 g/s）. However, the leak rate increases more than two orders of magnitude and the resultant leak damages surrounding heat transfer tubes and it brings secondary failure of the heat transfer tube. Evaluation of the leak enlargement is necessary to assess the leak rate increase, so that evaluate the possibility of secondary failure. In this study, a simulant experiment, which uses neutralization reaction, is proposed to reproduce the leak enlargement. To examine the feasibility of the experiment, numerical simulations are carried out. From the result, a funnel-shaped nozzle enlargement is observed and the shape similar to the shape of the enlarged nozzle from the SWAT （sodium-water reaction test loop） experiment.

An experimental investigation into the icing and melting process of a water droplet impinging onto a superhydrophobic surface

The freezing and melting process of a small water droplet on a superhydrophobic cold surface was investigated using the Laser Induced Fluorescence(LIF)technique.The superhydrophobic surface was prepared using a sol-gel method on a red copper test plate.From the obtained fluorescence images,the phase transition characteristics during the freezing and melting process of a water droplet were clearly observed.It was found that,at the beginning of the droplet freezing process,liquid water turned into ice at a very fast rate.Such phase transition process decreased gradually with time and the volume of frozen ice approached a constant value at the end of the icing process.In addition,the freezing time was found to reduce with the decrease of the test plate temperature.Besides,when the test plate temperature is relatively high,the effect of droplet volume on the freezing time is very significant.Over all,we provide some tentative insights into the microphysical process related to the icing and melting process of water droplets.

An Experimental Study on the Performance of a Stainless Steel-Water Loop Heat Pipe under Natural Cooling Condition

Aiming to improve the thermal characteristics of modern electronics, we experimentally study the performance of a stainless steel/water loop heat pipe(LHP) under natural cooling condition. The LHP heat transfer performance, including start-up performance, temperature oscillation and total thermal resistance at different heat loads and with different incline angles have been investigated systematically. Experimental results show that at an optimal heat load(i.e. 60 W) and with the LHP being inclined 60 to the horizontal plane, the total thermal resistance is lowered to be ~0.24 K/W, and the temperature of evaporator could be controlled steadily at around 90 C.

Experimental Study on Latent Heat Storage Characteristics of W/O Emulsion-Supercooling Rate of Dispersed Water Drops by Direct Contact Heat Exchange

Recently, much attention has been paid to investigate the latent heat storage system. Using of ice heat storage system brings an equalization of electric power demand, because it will solved the electric -power-demand-concentration on day-time of summer by the air conditioning. The flowable latent heat storage material, Oil/Water type emulsion, microencapsulated latent heat material-water mixture or ice slurry, etc., is enable to transport the latent heat in a pipe. The flowable latent heat storage material can realize the pipe size reduction and system efficiency improvement. Supercooling phenomenon of the dispersed latent heat storage material in continuous phase brings the obstruction of latent heat storage. The latent heat storage rates of dispersed water drops in W/O (Water/Oil) emulsion are investigated experimentally in this study. The water drops in emulsion has the diameter within 3 ~ 25μm, the averaged water drop diameter is 7.3μm and the standard deviation is 2.9μm. The direct contact heat exchange method is chosen as the phase change rate evaluation of water drops in W/O emulsion. The supercooled temperature and the cooling rate are set as parameters of this study. The evaluation is performed by comparison between the results of this study and the past research. The obtained experimental result is shown that the 35K or more degree from melting point brings 100% latent heat storage rate of W/O emulsion. It was clarified that the supercooling rate of dispersed water particles in emulsion shows the larger value than that of the bulk water.