中国大陆多年冻土线空间分布基本特征

本文主要根据多年冻土与气候参数的相关关系,结合现代多年冻土分布,依据我国104个气候台站的气象数据,计算出年平均温度、年较差和多年冻土线理论海拔高度,研究我国多年冻土线空间分布特征。中国大陆多年冻土线高程明显受高度地带性和纬度地带性控制,自北向南海拔高度逐渐增大。东部地区的多年冻土线高程从东北的<1200m,至海口附近增到5700m;西北地区的多年冻土高程从阿尔泰山的2600m,至昆仑山增至4500m左右,要比东部同纬度的冻土线高出1400～800m;青藏高原的多年冻土线高程基本上稳定在4500～5000m。在此基础上,进而探讨了中国现代气候多年冻土线与气候雪线之间的关系。

寒冷地区埋地输气管道最低设计温度选取

为了有效保证中俄东线天然气管道在寒冷地区的止裂性能,需要明确管道的最低设计温度,而到目前为止,在国内埋地输气管道工程设计中对管道的最低设计温度未进行确定。通过对国内外主要输气管道标准和国外寒冷地区典型输气管道工程的解读与分析,同时结合我国寒冷地区埋地输气管道的特点,推荐埋地输气管道最低设计温度选取0℃(管道埋设于冻土线以下)和管顶埋深处最冷月单日最低地温值并向下圆整至5℃的倍数(管道埋设于冻土线以上)。建议中俄东线天然气管道工程线路埋地管道最低设计温度选取-5℃。提出最低设计温度的确定原则、方法和推荐值,为今后的工程建设提供一定的借鉴与参考。

The Impacts of Permafrost Change on NPP and Implications:A Case of the Source Regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and annual average air temperature (GT) at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic spline interpolating functions,and non-linear regression methods.The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were selected as the research areas.Results illustrate that:(1) There is significant non-linear relationship between NPP and GT in various typical years;(2) The maximum value of NPP is 6.17,5.87,7.73,and 5.41 DM·t·hm-2 ·a-1 respectively,and the corresponding GT is 7.1,10.0,21.2,and 8.9 o C respectively in 1980,1990,2000 and 2007;(3) In 1980,the sensitivity of NPP to GT is higher than in 1990,2000 and 2007.This tendency shows that the NPP presents change from fluctuation to an adaptation process over time;(4) During 1980～2007,the accumulated NPP was reduced to 8.05,and the corresponding carrying capacity of theoretical livestock reduced by 11%;(5) The shape of the demonstration region of ecological compensation system,livelihood support system,and science appraisal system in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are an important research for increasing the adaptation capacity and balancing protection and development.

The status evaluation of the permafrost environment along the Chaida'er-Muli Railway in southern Qilian Mountains in northern Qinghai Province,China

Engineering construction has major influence on the permafrost environment.This paper analyzes the interaction between engineering construction and permafrost environment along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway(simply,CMR) based on the press-state-response(PSR) framework.The permafrost environmental system is divided into three subsystems,consisting of permafrost thermal stability,proneness to the freeze-thawing erosion and permafrost ecological fragility.Each subsystem considers its most important influencing factors.Catastrophe Progression Method(CPM) is applied to calculate the current environment condition along the railway.The result indicates that:(1) as far as the thermal stability is concerned,most sections along the CMR are mainly concentrated in rank Ⅲ(fair situation),and a few in Ⅱ(good situation) and Ⅳ(bad situation),respectively;(2) for the proneness tothe freeze-thawing erosion,the entire railway route falls largely in rank Ⅱ(good situation);(3) along the CMR,the ecological fragility of the permafrost environment is in rank Ⅱ(good situation),or slightly fragile;(4) overall,the permafrost environments along the CMR are in rank Ⅲ(fair situation) or Ⅱcondition(good situation).In general,the permafrost environment along the CMR is fair.It is mainly because a series of active measures of protecting permafrost were taken for stabilizing the CMR foundation soils.On the one hand,we should try our best to minimize the influences that engineering activities have exerted on ecology and environment,on the other hand,the positive measures have made improvements to prevent the permafrost environment from deterioration.

Experiments on excitation and data processing of low-frequency vibroseis in permafrost area of the tibetan plateau

Few seismic exploration work was carried out in Tibetan Plateau due to the characteristics of alpine hypoxia and harsh environmental protection needs.Complex near surface geological conditions,especially the signal shielding and static correction of permafrost make the quality of seismic data is not ideal,the signal to noise ratio(SNR)is low,and deep target horizon imaging is difficult.These data cannot provide high quality information for oil and gas geological survey and structural sedimentary research in the area.To solve the issue of seismic exploration in Tibetan Plateau,this test used low frequency vibroseis wide-line and high-density acquisition scheme.In view of the actual situation of the study area,the terrain,the source and the diff erent observation system were simulated,and the processing technique was adopted to improve the quality of seismic data.Low-frequency components with a minimum of 1.5Hz of vibroseis ensure the deep geological target imaging quality in the area,the seismic profi le wave group is clear,and the SNR is relatively high,which can meet the needs of oil and gas exploration.Seismic data can provide the support for the development of oil and gas survey in the Tibet plateau.

Cultivation Influences on Soil Organic Carbon Associated with Texture in Seasonally Frozen Zones

[Objective] This study aimed to examine indicative roles of texture representing soil organic carbon presence and variability subsequent to cultivation under cold temperate climates with seasonal freeze-thaw events. [Method] Three chronosequences were selected for paired comparisons. Soil samples were collected at six depths with a 10 cm increment. Analysis of variance with general linear model and regression was performed for statistical analysis. [Result] In seasonally frozen soils where fragmentation of macroaggregates was stimulated, soil organic carbon level was positively associated with clay + silt proportion due to a wider textural range, better than sole clay content. Exponential function better fitted the experimental data to present progressively increased effectiveness of clay + silt content in maintaining carbon. Clay content explained 12%-41% and 14%-43% of variation via linear and exponential functions, respectively. Accordingly, clay + silt content explained 47%-65% and 46%-70%. [Conclusion] Texture reflected soil organic carbon occurrence as consequences of reclamation. For seasonally frozen soils with wider textural ranges, it is robust to adapt clay + silt content as dependent variable and exponential function. The generated algorithms provided an available pathway to estimate soil organic carbon losses following cultivation and to evaluate soil fertility.