This study presents a novel design for a spiral finned crystallizer which is the primary element of progressive freeze concentration(PFC) system, which simplifies the setup of the conventional system. After the crysta...This study presents a novel design for a spiral finned crystallizer which is the primary element of progressive freeze concentration(PFC) system, which simplifies the setup of the conventional system. After the crystallizer has been designed, the research experiments have been conducted and evaluated through a thorough analysis of its performance by developing a mathematical model that can be used to predict the productivity of ice crystal at a range of coolant temperature. The model is developed based on the basic heat transfer equation, and by considering the solution's and the coolant's convective heat transfer coefficient(h) under the forced flow condition.The model's accuracy is verified by making comparison between the ice crystal mass' experimental value and the values predicted by the model. Consequently, the study found that the model helps in enhancing the PFC system.展开更多
We study the centrality dependence of the mid-rapidity （｜y｜ 〈 0.5） yields and transverse momentum distributions of K＊ （892）° and φ（1020） resonances produced in Pb ＋ Pb collisions at SNN= 2.76 TeV. The...We study the centrality dependence of the mid-rapidity （｜y｜ 〈 0.5） yields and transverse momentum distributions of K＊ （892）° and φ（1020） resonances produced in Pb ＋ Pb collisions at SNN= 2.76 TeV. The mid- rapidity density （dN/dy） and the shape of the transverse momentum spectra are well reproduced by an earlier proposed Unified Statistical Thermal Freeze-out Model （USTFM）, which incorporates the effects of both longitudinal as well as transverse hydrodynamic flow. The freeze-out properties in terms of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity parameter are extracted from the model fits to the transverse momentum data provided by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The kinetic freeze-out temperature is found to increase with decreasing event centrality while the transverse flow velocity parameter shows a mild decrease on moving towards peripheral collisions. Moreover the centrality dependence of the mid-rapidity system size at freeze-out has also been studied in terms of transverse radius parameter.展开更多
基金the financial support through Research University Grant and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(Vot nos.04H46 and 4F224)Chemical Engineering Department,Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS for its support
文摘This study presents a novel design for a spiral finned crystallizer which is the primary element of progressive freeze concentration(PFC) system, which simplifies the setup of the conventional system. After the crystallizer has been designed, the research experiments have been conducted and evaluated through a thorough analysis of its performance by developing a mathematical model that can be used to predict the productivity of ice crystal at a range of coolant temperature. The model is developed based on the basic heat transfer equation, and by considering the solution's and the coolant's convective heat transfer coefficient(h) under the forced flow condition.The model's accuracy is verified by making comparison between the ice crystal mass' experimental value and the values predicted by the model. Consequently, the study found that the model helps in enhancing the PFC system.
基金Supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,New Delhi for This Work
文摘We study the centrality dependence of the mid-rapidity （｜y｜ 〈 0.5） yields and transverse momentum distributions of K＊ （892）° and φ（1020） resonances produced in Pb ＋ Pb collisions at SNN= 2.76 TeV. The mid- rapidity density （dN/dy） and the shape of the transverse momentum spectra are well reproduced by an earlier proposed Unified Statistical Thermal Freeze-out Model （USTFM）, which incorporates the effects of both longitudinal as well as transverse hydrodynamic flow. The freeze-out properties in terms of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity parameter are extracted from the model fits to the transverse momentum data provided by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The kinetic freeze-out temperature is found to increase with decreasing event centrality while the transverse flow velocity parameter shows a mild decrease on moving towards peripheral collisions. Moreover the centrality dependence of the mid-rapidity system size at freeze-out has also been studied in terms of transverse radius parameter.
