鞍钢净化河水水处理试验研究

本文介绍了地面水在选用混凝剂。改变水处理设施，运行方式方面的经验。

净化河水的废锰砂和废离子交换树脂处置方法

在工业生产中,合法合规地取用河水,并对取用的河水进行有效净化,可以丰富工业用水的来源方式。河水净化工艺过程中通常有废锰砂、废离子交换树脂等固废产生。明确这类固废的规范处置流程既有利于提高生态环境执法效率、保护生态环境,也有利于降低企业的运营成本。通过模拟废锰砂、废离子交换树脂对土壤环境的影响,得出净化特定河水的废锰砂、废离子交换树脂可以作为一般固废处置的结论。

石灰石和黄铁矿-石灰石人工湿地净化河水的研究

利用石灰石和黄铁矿-石灰石水平潜流人工湿地处理受到污染的河水,了解它们对河水中污染物,尤其是对氮和磷的去除效果,并分析这些矿物的作用,考察了水力停留时间变化对2种人工湿地污染物净化效果的影响.结果表明,污染物去除效果的最佳停留时间出现在3 d左右,COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到51%、70%和95%.在相同进水水质和水力负荷运行条件下,石灰石和黄铁矿-石灰石这2种人工湿地对COD的平均去除率分别为53.93%和51.66%,对NH4+-N的平均去除率分别为82.13%和77.43%,对TN的平均去除率分别为66%和72.06%,对TP的平均去除率分别为50.9%和97.35%.2种人工湿地对COD的去除效果差距不大,黄铁矿-石灰石人工湿地的脱氮除磷效果优于石灰石湿地,对磷有较好的去除效果,不受温度影响且净化效果稳定,适宜长期稳定运行.

组合填料对富营养化河水的净化效果研究

该研究选取了多孔玻璃陶瓷环、机制颗粒活性炭、和火山石3种填料及其组合填料,分别从CODMn、NH4+-N、TP等方面对各种填料处理富营养化河水进行了比较分析研究。结果表明:处理系统稳定运行状态下,多孔玻璃陶瓷环对富营养河水处理后,CODMn、NH4+-N、TP去除率分别为70.91%、59.38%和46.51%;机制颗粒活性炭对富营养河水处理后,CODMn、NH4+-N、TP去除率分别为74.55%、70.00%、69.77%;火山石对富营养河水处理后,CODMn、NH4+-N、TP去除率分别为41.82%、78.75%、58.14%;组合填料对富营养河水处理后,CODMn、NH4+-N、TP去除率分别为81.82%、82.50%、76.74%。分析可知,采用上述复合填料能有效去除富营养化水体中CODMn、NH4+-N、TP等特征污染物;且该模式运行简单、操作方便,能耗低,是一种富营养化河水较好的净化方式。

垂直-水平流复合人工湿地净化河水效果研究

台州湾人工湿地水处理工艺的核心为垂直-水平流复合人工强化湿地,试验选取水力负荷、水生植物、垂直流人工强化湿地填料深度和水平流人工强化湿地水平长度等参数,研究不同工况下该湿地对洪家场浦河水的净化效果,为今后高水力负荷人工湿地的设计优化和运行控制提供借鉴。结果表明:(1)综合考虑处理效果及投资成本,设计时宜采用的水力负荷为1.11m3/m2·d。(2)与未种植水生植物相比,种植水生植物半年后的人工湿地对水质各指标的去除率提高了15~25%。(3)试验条件下,复合人工湿地中垂直流部分的填料深度宜为0.6~0.9m,水平流部分的长度宜为24m。

含锌、铁、锰河水净化方法的研究

本文重点研究了中和絮凝沉淀过滤去除河水中的锌离子。并筛选出了高效率的絮凝剂,且从理论上揭示了中和絮凝反应高效的机理,经该法处理,水中锌离子从原来的10.6mg/1降至1.0mg/1以下,浊度从原来的30度降至3度以下,针对超标的铁、锰、后级配备了滴曝,水—气射流泵曝气装置和锰砂过滤,使最终出水铁≤0.3mg/l,锰≤0.1mg/l。

河水净化制备注射用水的工艺改进

从1990年以来,由于多种原因,我厂用水的质量一直影响着大输液产品质量,企业的发展受到很大制约。经过几年不断摸索和实践,水的质量得到严格的控制,产品质量中热原检查全部一次合格,全年没有出现一瓶热原不合格产品,得到了广大用户的好评。 1 影响热原的因素 由于近年养鱼业的发展,水面资源的广泛利用,水质每况愈下;加之我厂的水源处于河水死角部位。

河水净化行动

河水净化行动曹少奎“咳，真倒霉！”小旭一进教室就大声嚷了起来，中队长红梅忙问：“怎么回事？”小旭皱着眉头说：“今天中午到妈妈单位里吃饭，没想到雪白的米饭有一股臭味，叫人闻到就恶心。这主要是因为我们那儿的水源横沥河水变黑发臭，导致了乡自来水厂的水质遭到...

河道滞留塘对河水中有机污染物的去除特性

河道滞留塘系统是一项适用于中小型污染河流净化的生态技术，在我国中小型河流污染治理中有较好的应用前景。通过近1年的现场试验，考察了河道滞留塘系统对河水中有机污染物的净化效果。结果表明，温度和溶解氧对COD的去除效果无影响；颗粒态有机物的重力沉降是滞留塘去除COD的主要机理；其对COD的去除率可达30％，最高去除速率约2g/（h·m^2）。由于COD去除速率有75％的几率介于0．2～1．1倍的SS去除速率，因此可通过测定SS去除速率来预测对COD的去除速率。

河道滞留塘系统对污染河水中氮磷的去除特性

河道滞留塘系统是一项适用于中小型污染河流净化的生态技术,目前我国部分中小型河流污染严重,研究河道滞留塘系统对河流污染物的去除特性具有现实意义,但目前尚缺乏系统深入的研究。该研究对实际污染河水进行了一年现场试验研究,通过改变水力停留时间,考察了不同季节、不同河水水质条件下河道滞留塘系统对河水中氨氮(NH3-N)和总磷(TP)的净化效果。结果表明,河道滞留塘系统主要通过颗粒物的重力沉降作用净化河水中的总磷(TP)。在该研究条件下,TP去除率接近30%,去除速率为0.01～0.02 g.h-1.m-2。TP去除速率约为0.003倍的SS去除速率,两者间有较好的相关关系,因此可通过测定滞留塘SS去除速率来预测TP去除速率。但滞留塘系统对NH3-N无显著去除能力。

梯级滞留塘应用于入湖河流原位净化效果研究

为控制和削减进入受纳水体的径流污染负荷,根据贵州山区河流落差大的特点,开发了山区污染河水梯级滞留塘生态净化技术,并进行了工程示范。结果表明,梯级滞留塘系统对总磷、氨态氮、悬浮物的去除率分别为79.3%、74.0%和73.2%,水质得到了显著的改善。梯级滞留塘是一项适用于中小型污染河流净化的生态技术,具有重要的推广应用价值。

复合型人工湿地在北方河流水体净化中的设计与应用

人工湿地污水处理系统具有相对投资费用低、动力消耗较小、管理相对简单、出水水质稳定等特点,具有良好的景观效果和社会效益。根据河流自然环境现状及当地气候条件特征,采用潜流-表流-潜流复合人工湿地,设计并构建了适合北方气候特点的人工湿地系统。河流水体经人工湿地处理后出水水质得到提升,减缓受纳水体的富营养化程度,从而改善了地表水整体水质,为复合型人工湿地工程的设计提供了参考。

Activities of Urease and Phosphatase in Integrated Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland and Purification Effect of Black and Malodorous River

[Objective]The activities of urease and phosphatase in integrated vertical flow constructed wetland and purification effect of black and malodorous river were studied.[Method]Honeycomb stone and soft filler were used as matrix,the biological grid integrated vertical flow constructed wetland system was built to strengthen treatment for black and malodorous river,and the activities of urease and phosphatase of two fillers in different functional areas of constructed wetland were tested to study the film formation property of two fillers in different functional areas.[Result]Both urease and phosphatase activities on biofilm of soft filler were significantly higher than on biofilm of honeycomb stone filler;indicating that choosing soft filler was more advantageous to the growth of biofilm;and urease activity had significant correlation with total nitrogen removal rate,while phosphatase activity had no significant correlation with total phosphorus removal rate.[Conclusion]This study provided evidences for utilizing the activities of urease and phosphatase to evaluate the purification effect of black and malodorous river and choose appropriate filler.

梯级溢流堰对入湖河流水环境的影响

为控制和削减进入受纳水体的径流污染负荷，根据贵州山区河流落差大的特点，开发了山区污染河水梯级溢流堰生态净化技术，并进行了工程示范。结果表明：梯级溢流堰系统对总磷、总氮、氨氮、有机质和悬浮颗粒物的平均去除率分别为76．62％、57．77％、71．96％、61．38％和59．60％，所有水质指标都好于工程实施前，改善的幅度在17％～71％。此外，河道梯级溢流堰系统管理简单，建设成本低，基本不需运行费。因此，梯级溢流堰系统是一种适用于贵州喀斯特山区污染河流净化的生态技术，具有重要的推广应用价值。

浅谈污染河道水体治理

调水、河道曝气复氧、生物修复、污染河水就地净化、底泥疏浚等是当前对污染河道水体进行治理的几种主要技术，本文对这几种治理技术进行了介绍比较，提出了应根据污染河道水体的实际情况合理选择治理技术的观点。

River Water Purification via a Coagulation-Porous Ceramic Membrane Hybrid Process

Membrane filtration technology combined with coagulation is widely used to purify river water.In this study,microfiltration(MF)and ultrafiltration(UF)ceramic membranes were combined with coagulation to treat local river water located at Xinghua,Jiangsu province,China.The operation parameters,fouling mechanism and pilot-scale tests were investigated.The results show that the pore size of membrane has small effect on the pseudo-steady flux for dead-end filtration,and the increase of flux in MF process is more than that in UF process for cross-flow filtration with the same increase of cross-flow velocity.The membrane pore size has little influence on the water quality.The analysis on membrane fouling mechanism shows that the cake filtration has significant influence on the pseudo-steady flux and water quality for the membrane with pore size of 50,200 and 500 nm.For the membrane with pore size of 200 nm and backwashing employed in our pilot study,a constant flux of 150L·m 2·h 1was reached during stable operation,with the removal efficiency of turbidity,total organic carbon(TOC)and UV254 higher than 99%,45%and 48%,respectively.The study demonstrates that coagulation-porous ceramic membrane hybrid process is a reliable method for river water purification.

Effects of Self-purification of River Water on Laundry Wastewater

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of laundry wastewater on the quality of river water and the dilution purification effect of river water on laundry wastewater. [Method] The effects of laundry wastewater on the contents of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), suspended solids(SS), chemical oxygen demand(COD) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid(LAS) were studied in 7 rivers of Shaoxing City. [Result](1) The contents of TN, TP, SS, COD and LAS increased by 92%, 99%, 340%, 351% and 923%, respectively, at the discharging moment of laundry wastewater; and(2) the five pollutional indexes significantly decreased over time, and especially 2 h after the discharge of laundry wastewater, compared with former the discharge of laundry wastewater, the contents of TN, TP, COD and LAS increased by 6%, 11%, 9% and13%, respectively,while the contents of SS still increased by 76%, i.e., SS required a longer time to achieve self-purification. [Conclusion] Laundry wastewater has some influence on thequality of river water, and the self-purification function of river water could effectively remove pollutants.

Surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed for pretreatment of micro-polluted Yellow River raw water in China

In order to investigate the feasibility of pretreating the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland, an experiment was conducted using a surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed. The contamination removal efficiency and their trends in the wetland treatment system were studied under different hydraulic loading rates(HLR). The contamination removal efficiencies were compared according to the seasonal change under optimum HLR. The result shows that in the same season, under different hydraulic loadings ranging from 2 to 6 m3/(m2·d) at the same period, the best HLR is 4 m3/(m2·d) in the experimental system. The average removal rates of COD, TN, ammoniacal nitrogen(NH4+-N), and TP in the constructed wetland are 38.37%, 45.97%, 39.86% and 41.69%, respectively. According to China Standard for Surface Water Resources (GB3838-2002), mean effluent of COD, TN, NH4+-N and TP can nearly reach Grade Ⅲ, GradeⅤ, GradeⅠand GradeⅠ, respectively. Furthermore, treatment efficiency of the system in summer is obvious higher than that in other seasons. The expenditure of constructing the constructed wetland with the average treating capacity of 176 m3/d and lifetime of 20 years is 17075.00 RMB. The average disposal cost is summed up to 0.17 RMB/m3, which shows that the pretreatment of the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland is feasible.

梯级滞留塘/人工湿地组合工艺处理山区污染河水

为了使贵州山区污染河水处理系统的脱氮除磷效率高、管理简单、运行和建设费用低,根据山区河流落差大的特点,开发了梯级滞留塘/人工湿地生态净化技术,并进行了工程示范。结果表明:梯级滞留塘对总磷、总氮、氨氮的去除率分别可达到72.73%、40.24%和63.14%;潜流碎石床湿地对总磷、总氮、氨氮的去除率分别可达到78.57%、43.27%和73.08%。滞留塘系统是一项适用于净化轻污染河流的生态技术,具有重要的推广应用价值。

砾间接触氧化处理河水中试及微生物菌属特性

针对某河流的水质净化问题,自制砾间接触氧化反应器(GCOR)并对其启动及运行影响因素进行研究。试验结果表明,通过逐步提高水力负荷,反应器约需30 d可完成自然挂膜启动;在稳定运行阶段,研究了HRT、曝气条件和分段进水方式对反应器运行的影响,当HRT为5 h,接触氧化区1曝气,配水区1、3按6∶4的比例分段进水时装置运行效果最佳。菌群高通量测序结果表明,系统内填料表面生物膜微生态环境复杂,微生物多样性较高,系统前端生物膜中细菌多样性及优势菌的富集情况优于后端生物膜;不同区域生物膜上富集不同功能的微生物菌群,从而实现有机物的高效降解及脱氮除磷。