The seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 at surface observation stations in the northern hemisphere is driven primarily by net ecosystem production (NEP) fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems. In addition to NEP from terres...The seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 at surface observation stations in the northern hemisphere is driven primarily by net ecosystem production (NEP) fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems. In addition to NEP from terrestrial ecosystems, surface fluxes from fossil fuel combustion and ocean exchange also contribute to the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2. Here the authors use the Goddard Earth Observing System-Chemistry (GEOS-Chem) model (version 8-02-01), with modifications, to assess the impact of these fluxes on the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 in 2005. Modifications include monthly fossil and ocean emission inventories. CO2 simulations with monthly varying and annual emission inventories were carried out separately. The sources and sinks of monthly averaged net surface flux are different from those of annual emission inventories for every month. Results indicate that changes in monthly averaged net surface flux have a greater impact on the average concentration of atmospheric CO2 in the northern hemisphere than on the average concentration for latitudes 30-90°S in July. The concentration values differ little between both emission inventories over the latitudinal range from the equator to 30°S in January and July. The accumulated impacts of the monthly averaged fossil and ocean emissions contribute to an increase of the total global monthly average of CO2 from May to December.An apparent discrepancy for global average CO2 concentration between model results and observation was because the observation stations were not sufficiently representative. More accurate values for monthly varying net surface flux will be necessary in future to run the CO2 simulation.展开更多
Quantifying the carbon budgets of terrestrial ecosystems is the foundation on which to understand the role of these ecosystems as carbon sinks and to mitigate global climate change. Through a re-examination of the con...Quantifying the carbon budgets of terrestrial ecosystems is the foundation on which to understand the role of these ecosystems as carbon sinks and to mitigate global climate change. Through a re-examination of the conceptual framework of ecosystem productivity and the integration of multi-source data, we assumed that the entire terrestrial ecosystems in China to be a large-scale regional biome-society system. We approximated the carbon fluxes of key natural and anthropogenic processes at a regional scale, including fluxes of emissions from reactive carbon and creature ingestion, and fluxes of emissions from anthropogenic and natural disturbances. The gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem productivity （NEP） in China were 7.78, 5.89 and 1.89 PgC a^-1, respectively, during the period from 2001 to 2010. After accounting for the consumption of reactive carbon and creature ingestion （0.078 PgC a^-1）, fires （0.002 PgC a^-1）, water erosion （0.038 PgC a^-1） and agri- cultural and forestry utilization （0.806 PgC a^-1）, the final carbon sink in China was about 0.966 PgC a^-1; this was considered as the climate-based potential terrestrial eco- system carbon sink for the current climate conditions in China. The carbon emissions caused by anthropogenic disturbances accounted for more than 42 % of the NEP, which indicated that humans can play an important role in increasing terrestrial carbon sequestration and mitigating global climate change. This role can be fulfilled by reducing the carbon emissions caused by human activities and by prolonging the residence time of fixed organic carbon in the large-scale regional biome-society system through the improvement of ecosystem management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Grant No.2006CB403606)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.KZCX2-YW-143 and KZCX2-YW-202)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(Grant No.2009AA12Z138)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40606008,40437017,and 40221503)
文摘The seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 at surface observation stations in the northern hemisphere is driven primarily by net ecosystem production (NEP) fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems. In addition to NEP from terrestrial ecosystems, surface fluxes from fossil fuel combustion and ocean exchange also contribute to the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2. Here the authors use the Goddard Earth Observing System-Chemistry (GEOS-Chem) model (version 8-02-01), with modifications, to assess the impact of these fluxes on the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 in 2005. Modifications include monthly fossil and ocean emission inventories. CO2 simulations with monthly varying and annual emission inventories were carried out separately. The sources and sinks of monthly averaged net surface flux are different from those of annual emission inventories for every month. Results indicate that changes in monthly averaged net surface flux have a greater impact on the average concentration of atmospheric CO2 in the northern hemisphere than on the average concentration for latitudes 30-90°S in July. The concentration values differ little between both emission inventories over the latitudinal range from the equator to 30°S in January and July. The accumulated impacts of the monthly averaged fossil and ocean emissions contribute to an increase of the total global monthly average of CO2 from May to December.An apparent discrepancy for global average CO2 concentration between model results and observation was because the observation stations were not sufficiently representative. More accurate values for monthly varying net surface flux will be necessary in future to run the CO2 simulation.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB833504)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA05050601,XDA05050702)
文摘Quantifying the carbon budgets of terrestrial ecosystems is the foundation on which to understand the role of these ecosystems as carbon sinks and to mitigate global climate change. Through a re-examination of the conceptual framework of ecosystem productivity and the integration of multi-source data, we assumed that the entire terrestrial ecosystems in China to be a large-scale regional biome-society system. We approximated the carbon fluxes of key natural and anthropogenic processes at a regional scale, including fluxes of emissions from reactive carbon and creature ingestion, and fluxes of emissions from anthropogenic and natural disturbances. The gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem productivity （NEP） in China were 7.78, 5.89 and 1.89 PgC a^-1, respectively, during the period from 2001 to 2010. After accounting for the consumption of reactive carbon and creature ingestion （0.078 PgC a^-1）, fires （0.002 PgC a^-1）, water erosion （0.038 PgC a^-1） and agri- cultural and forestry utilization （0.806 PgC a^-1）, the final carbon sink in China was about 0.966 PgC a^-1; this was considered as the climate-based potential terrestrial eco- system carbon sink for the current climate conditions in China. The carbon emissions caused by anthropogenic disturbances accounted for more than 42 % of the NEP, which indicated that humans can play an important role in increasing terrestrial carbon sequestration and mitigating global climate change. This role can be fulfilled by reducing the carbon emissions caused by human activities and by prolonging the residence time of fixed organic carbon in the large-scale regional biome-society system through the improvement of ecosystem management.
