王阳明“心”的意蕴

＂心＂在王阳明哲学思想体系中处于统领地位,是融通本体论、工夫论、人性论与道德论的范畴,具有本体义、准则义、主宰义与圆满义四重意境,领会、理解这四重意境,有助于真正进入和真切体会阳明哲学精神。

Energy dissipation of cavity expansion based on generalized non-linear failure criterion under high stresses

Based on the compression mechanism for analyzing the cavity expansion problem in soil under high stresses,generalized non-linear failure criterion and large strain and energy conservation in plastic region during the cavity expanding were adopted.The energy conservation equation was established and the limited pressure of cavity expansion under high stresses was given based on the energy dissipation analysis method,in which the energy generated from cavity expansion is absorbed by the volume change and shear strain caused in soil.The factors of large strain and dilatation were considered by the proposed method.The analysis shows that the limited pressure is determined by failure criterion,stress state,large deformation characteristic,dilatation and strength of soil.It is shown from the comparison that the results with the proposed method approximate to those of the in-situ method.The cavity expansion pressure first decreases and then increases nonlinearly with both of shear modulus and dilatation increasing.

The Social Significance of Dickens＇s Oliver Twist

Charles Dickens （1812-1870） is a 19th century British writer, and he is the main representative of realism. Oliver Twist is the first social novel that discloses a variety of evils under the world of money. In this novel, his childhood＇s experiences supply Dickens a large quantity of writing materials. The author holds a decent moral code and encourages government to reform. It is of profound meaning for constructing harmonious and modem society.

Ultimate end bearing capacity of rock-socketed pile based on generalized nonlinear unified strength criterion

In order to study the mechanism of bearing behavior at the tip of a pile embedded in rock, the generalized nonlinear unified strength criterion and slip line principle for resolving the differential equation systems which govern the stress field were applied to derive the ultimate end beating capacity based on some reasonable hypothesis and failure plane model. Both numerical simulation and test results were compared with the theoretic solution. The results show good consistency with each other and verify the validity of the present approach. The depth effect with respective to embedment ratio and other influence factors like geological strength index, intermediate principal stress, overburden factor, and damage on end bearing capacity were discussed in the analytical solution. The results show that the proposed yield criterion can be much better for investigating the ultimate end bearing performance of rock-socketed pile. The end bearing capacity increases with embedment ratio and the increasing degree is influenced intensely by the above parameters. Furthermore, ignoring intermediate stress effect would underestimate the strength properties of the rock material and lead to a very conservative estimation value.

Definition of Language and Art in the Context of the Evolution Theory

The problem of human language, arithmetic, and art was studied in the context of the definition ＂civilization＂ on the basis of Darwin＇s theory. The author defines civilization as ＂survival of the weak＂. The author supposes that language and art were invented by the men to describe their heroic deeds for the women in order to be selected by them for reproduction. In other words, language and art became a selection criterions together with beauty and presents. Finally, the author defines language and art.

Estimating Soil Salinity in the Yellow River Delta, Eastern China——An Integrated Approach Using Spectral and Terrain Indices with the Generalized Additive Model

Soil salinity is one of the most severe environmental problems worldwide. It is necessary to develop a soil-salinity-estimation model to project the spatial distribution of soil salinity. The aims of this study were to use remote sensed images and digital elevation model(DEM) to develop quantitative models for estimating soil salinity and to investigate the influence of vegetation on soil salinity estimation. Digital bands of Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) images, vegetation indices, and terrain indices were selected as predictive variables for the estimation. The generalized additive model(GAM) was used to analyze the quantitative relationship between soil salt content, spectral properties, and terrain indices. Akaike's information criterion(AIC) was used to select relevant predictive variables for fitted GAMs. A correlation analysis and root mean square error between predicted and observed soil salt contents were used to validate the fitted GAMs. A high ratio of explained deviance suggests that an integrated approach using spectral and terrain indices with GAM was practical and efficient for estimating soil salinity. The performance of the fitted GAMs varied with changes in vegetation cover.Salinity in sparsely vegetated areas was estimated better than in densely vegetated areas. Visible red and near-infrared bands, and the second and third components of the tasseled cap transformation were the most important spectral variables for the estimation. Variable combinations in the fitted GAMs and their contribution varied with changes in vegetation cover. The contribution of terrain indices was smaller than that of spectral indices, possibly due to the low spatial resolution of DEM. This research may provide some beneficial references for regional soil salinity estimation.

Robust generalized sidelobe canceller based on eigenanalysis and a MaxSINR beamformer

A robust generalized sidelobe canceller is proposed to combat direction of arrival(DOA)mismatches.To estimate the interference-plus-noise(IPN)statistics characteristics,conventional signal of interest(SOI)extraction methods usually collect a large number of segments where only the IPN signal is active.To avoid that collection procedure,we redesign the blocking matrix structure using an eigenanalysis method to reconstruct the IPN covariance matrix from the samples.Additionally,a modified eigenanalysis reconstruction method based on the rank-one matrix assumption is proposed to achieve a higher reconstruction accuracy.The blocking matrix is obtained by incorporating the effective reconstruction into the maximum signal-to-interferenceplus-noise ratio(MaxSINR)beamformer.It can minimize the influence of signal leakage and maximize the IPN power for further noise and interference suppression.Numerical results show that the two proposed methods achieve considerable improvements in terms of the output waveform SINR and correlation coefficients with the desired signal in the presence of a DOA mismatch and a limited number of snapshots.Compared to the first proposed method,the modified one can reduce the signal distortion even further.

On the Serrin's Regularity Criterion for the β-Generalized Dissipative Surface Quasi-geostrophic Equation

The authors establish a Serrin＇s regularity criterion for the β-generalized dis- sipative surface quasi-geostrophic equation. More precisely, it is shown that if the smooth solution β satisfies

Definition of the general initial water penetration fracture criterion for concrete and its engineering application

A general initial water penetration(seepage) fracture criterion for concrete is proposed to predict whether or not harmful water penetration(hydraulic fracturing),other than microcracking,will occur in concrete structures in a severe high water pressure environment.The final regression,of the different macroscopic failure types in concrete to microscopic ModeⅠ c racking,allows the use of only one universal criterion to indicate the damage.Thus,a general initial water penetration fracture criterion is approximately defined as a strain magnitude of 1000×10-6,based on the concept of tensile strain derived from experimental results in the relevant literature.Then,the locations of harmful water penetration fracture(hydraulic fracture) in the high arch dam mass of the Jinping first class hydropower project are analyzed using the nonlinear finite element method(FEM) according to the proposed criterion.The proposed criterion also holds promise for other concrete structures in high water pressure environments.