浅析科技术语的翻译

科技术语的翻译在英语翻译中有举足轻重的地位 ,应力争做到译文的简洁性、易记性和统一性。在推敲译名时 ,应充分考虑翻译的意义传达 ,利用汉语构词灵活的特点 ,尽量使译名具有表意、易记。

“准、活、勤”:写好人大新闻报道的“三字经”探析

文章通过引用材料的方法,分析人大新闻报道工作存在的共性问题,围绕“准、活、勤”三方面对写好人大新闻报道进行探索,得出写好人大新闻报道的方法和路径,有助于跳出报会议、报活动的框框,更加精准挖掘人大蕴含的新闻价值,持续生产有吸引力、影响力的新闻报道,推动人大工作的开展,并提出恪守人大新闻报道准确底线、增强人大新闻报道专业素养、深度挖掘新闻价值、聚焦人民群众视角、善用老百姓的语言、主动求变做报道、抽丝剥茧立主题、真情实感达新意等建议。

“Tourism”对应概念的多元变化及其与“旅游”的对应关系

该研究回顾准术语"tourism"词源、在学术研究中的概念变迁及其中文翻译现状,发现"tourism"各种概念都大多被翻译为中文词汇"旅游",但二者概念体系并不是完全对应关系。"旅游"一词对应的三个概念"游客行为维度的概念""经济维度概念"和"多元系统整合现象"在"tourism"对应的概念体系中都有对应项,"tourism"表达的概念之一(tourism as a study of…)与中文的"旅游研究/旅游学"这一名词对应,但在"旅游"一词诸多学术定义及其表达的概念中还找不到对应项。二者所表达概念的非对应项为解决"tourism"或"旅游"概念含混提供了一个跨语言的解决思路——使用同义替代性的单义词语对"tourism"或"旅游"所表达的不同概念进行差异化命名,以形成一词一义的旅游研究术语。

基于本体增量学习的主题爬行

在面向领域的信息搜索中,本体作为相关的领域知识往往有助于改善搜索效果,在信息检索中被广泛应用。基于本体增量学习的主题爬行技术的研究工作主要包括:首先,利用本体对领域概念及关系的描述作为网页主题判定的依据;其次,在爬行过程中,将学习得到的新概念和关系加入到本体中,以丰富完善领域本体,进而提高主题爬虫的收获率;最后,经过大量的实验数据分析,在词条提取准确率、收获率和响应速度等多个指标方面,证明了所提出的方法是可行的并且是高效的。

Physically literate and physically educated:A rose by any other name?

In the 2013 release of the U.S. National Physical Education Standards the term ＂physically literate＂ replaced ＂physically educated＂. Un- fortunately, most discourse within the profession about the term physically literate occurred primarily after its adoption. While we agree with the spirit and intent of the term, we feel it is essential to discuss not only what has been potentially gained but also lost. In our paper, we illustrate the similarity of the terms physically educated and physically literate and essentially, from a definitional perspective, find little difference--but are these terms interchangeable？ We provide a critical review of the standards and conclude that the change to physical literacy has produced a shift away from psychomotor outcomes to cognitive outcomes. Our concerns about this are many, but most importantly they are about the need to emphasize the ＂physical＂ in physical education （PE）. It is our belief that the key to elevating the profession and maintaining and increasing support for PE is in its ability to promote and provide physical activity. Without physical activity and physical fitness as main outcomes, PE increases its vulnerability to extinction as a standard part of the U.S. K-12 education curriculum.

Age-dependent impact of the SYNTAX-score on longer-term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in an all-comer population

Background The Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery （SYNTAX）-score is a validated tool for risk stratification and revascularization strategy selection in patients with complex coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to analyse its age-related prognostic value. Methods SYNTAX-score was calculated in 1331 all-comer patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）： 463 patients ≥ 75 years and 868 patients 〈 75 years. Outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality at one and two years. Results A significant interaction of age and SYNTAX-score for mortality was observed at two-year （Pinteraction= 0.019） but not at one-year follow-up （Pinteraction= 0.594）. In multivariable analysis, SYNTAX-score independently predicted 1-year mortality in both age groups （〈 75 years, hazard ratio （HR）： 1.43, 95% confidence intervals （CI）： 1.03-2.00, P = 0.034; and 〉 75 years, HR： 1.37, 95% CI： 1.01-1.85, P = 0.042）, but only two-year mortality among younger patients （〈 75 years, HR： 1.33, 95% CI： 1.01-1.76, P = 0.041; and ≥ 75 years, HR： 1.11, 95% CI： 0.87-1.41, P = 0.394）. SYNTAX-score tertiles were useful to stratify 1-year mortality in both, patients 〈 75 years （SYNTAX-score 〈 9, 3.8%; 9-20, 5.3%; 〉 20, 10.3%; P = 0.004） and 〉 75 years （SYNTAX-score 〈 11, 5.7%; 11-22.5, 16.1%; 〉 22.5, 18.7%; P = 0.003）, but two-year mortality only among patients 〈 75 years （SYNTAX-score 〈 9, 6.5%; 9-20, 7.6%; ≥ 20, 15%; P 〈 0.001） and not among ≥ 75 years old patients （SYNTAX-score 〈 11, 19.4%; 11-22.5, 26.3%; _〉 22.5, 27.9%; P = 0.138）. Conclusions Age modi- fies the impact of the SYNTAX-score on longer-term mortality after PCI. Among patients 〈 75 years, the SYNTAX-score independently predicts the risk of death at one and two years after PCI, while among patients 〉 75 years its predictive role is limited to the first year after PCI. Further studies are needed to evaluate the value of SYNTAX-score for selecting the most appropriate revascularization strategy among elderly patients.

Outcomes of palliative local treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy plus bevacizumab

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the value of palliative local treatment of incurable metastatic lesions in colorectal cancer(CRC) patients receiving chemotherapy plus bevacizumab.Methods Data of 105 patients with histologically confirmed synchronous or metachronous metastatic CRC who received bevacizumab treatment from January 1, 2011 to January 31, 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Sixteen(15%) patients who were treated with bevacizumab for less than 4 cycles were excluded, and finally, 89(85%) patients were enrolled. Among them, 33(37%) patients who received palliative local treatment were categorized into the palliative local treatment group, and the remaining 56(63%) patients were categorized into the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group. The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS), which was calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Factors possibly influencing survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Adverse events(AEs) were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Grades 1–2 and 3–4 AEs of the two groups were compared and analyzed using the Fisher's exact test and χ~2 analysis.Results The median follow-up period was 20.4 months, ranging from 1 to 60 months. The median OS in the palliative local treatment group was 36.3 months(95% CI, 33.5–39.2), and that in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group was 20.5 months(95% CI, 17.6–23.4). Both the univariate(HR 0.13, 95% CI, 0.05–0.30, P < 0.001) and multivariate(HR 0.16, 95% CI, 0.07–0.39, P < 0.001) analyses showed that the addition of palliative local treatment could prolong survival compared with chemotherapy plus bevacizumab alone. There were no significant differences in the rates of common chemotherapy-or bevacizumab-related AEs between the two groups.Conclusion These findings suggest palliative local treatment is an effective and safe method for treating patients with incurable metastatic CRC receiving chemotherapy plus bevacizumab.

Challenges using electronic nursing routine data for outcome analyses:A mixed methods study

Objectives To explore the challenges of secondary use of routinely collected data for analyzing nursing-sensitive outcomes in Austrian acute care hospitals.Method A convergent parallel mixed methods design was performed.We conducted a quantitative representative survey with nursing managers from 32 Austrian general acute care hospitals and 11 qualitative semi-structured interviews with nursing quality management experts.Both results were first analyzed independently and afterward merged in the discussion.Results On average,76%of nursing documentation is already electronically supported in the surveyed Austrian hospitals.However,existing nursing data is seldom used for secondary purposes such as nursing-sensitive outcome analyses.This is due to four major reasons:First,hospitals often do not have a data strategy for the secondary use of routine data.Second,hospitals partly lack the use of standardized and uniform nursing terminologies,especially for nursing evaluation.Third,routine nursing data is often not documented correctly and completely.Fourth,data on nursing-sensitive outcomes is usually collected in specific documentation forms not integrated into routine documentation.Conclusion The awareness of the possibilities for secondary use of nursing data for nursing-sensitive outcome analyses in Austrian hospitals is still in its infancy.Therefore,nursing staff and nursing management must be trained to understand how to collect and process nursing data for nursing-sensitive outcome analyses.Further studies would be interesting in order to determine the factors that influence the decision-making processes for the secondary use of nursing data for outcome analyses.

Adorno on Art as Expressive Language

Adorno suggests that art is an essentially expressive language since it is the imitation of natural language. Adorno＇s language thought is derived from Benjamin＇s extensive language theory in which Benjamin claims that all things including human being have languages. The telos of art＇s expression is expressing what the repressed things and human long for speaking. The authentic art preserves the trace of primordial human＇s instinct： mimesis. Through the subject miming the object in the expression of art, the real cognition is realized. According to this model, we can ascertain that artist is the real epistemological subject, the ＂collective subject＂ is factually the speaker of the expression and the epistemological objet which is primary in the production of art. Since art is a language, the standard of art is truth-false, and therefore, the truth content is the criterion of authentic art. Negativity is the core character of truth content.

The Influence of Confucius＇ Moral Standards on Wellbeing of Academics in Higher Education in China in the Context of the Chinese Dream

The Chinese Dream, adopted by General Secretary Xi Jinping, was used and spread in China. It is about Chinese prosperity, collective effort, socialism and national glory. It is also about the welfare, wellbeing, and quality of life of every Chinese. Academics in higher education in China are facing changes both across the globe and in China, they must take the challenges. This paper does research on wellbeing of the academics from the aspects of the definition of wellbeing, the situation both in the world and in China, the Chinese concept of happiness, the possible influence of Confucius moral standards on wellbeing of Chinese. This paper may help school leaders implement policies that foster effective work environment in the new era in China.

Standardization of English Navigation Terminology in Railway Traffic Domain

The technical progress and the globalization accelerate rapidly the development of new disciplines and sub-disciplines. Consequently, new and specific terminology is necessary. In addition, the interdisciplinarity contributes as well to the development of communication problems between non-professionals and experts of a special domain or between experts of different domains--as well at international level. Usually, technical terms are defined differently according to their domains. Therefore, a new terminological approach will avoid semantic vagueness as synonymy, antonymy, risk of confusion, hypernymy-hyponymy relations and polysemy, homonymy, etc.. For example, the terms ＂localization＂ and ＂positioning＂ are prototypes for this semantic vagueness. The objective of the iglos （＂intelligent glossary＂） terminology work of the Institute of Traffic Safety and Automation Engineering of the Technische Universigit Braunschweig is to clarify the multilingual and multidisciplinary misunderstanding between special languages of different domains by standardizing the definitions of technical terms. The focus of this paper lies on semantic problems of English navigation terminology in railway traffic domain and the clarification of the semantic vagueness between its terms with a modeling process and a linguistic method with different criteria. Finally, the result of these approaches should be a consistent navigation terminology in the railway domain.

Utilization Frequency and Distributions of Drama Language Body Standard

In this paper, through the analysis of the language characteristics and the employment of the method of measurement statistics, the utilization frequency and distributions of drama language body standard are further summaried. There are rhetorical question, switching, repetition, apostrophe, etc. in the drama language body standard. Furthermore, the lower utilization frequency of the drama language body standard is revealed by comparison with the literature and art style. The figures of speech in the drama language are open and unlimited. The drama language is more emphasized on the using of the figures of speech than the colloquial style.

Study on the Similarities and Differences of Body Measurement Terminology between ASTM and China GB Standard

The similarities and differences of ASTM and China GB standard are studied in three aspects:measure instrument,terminology and applicable field.They are similar on the measuring apparatus and GB has less measurements,such as girth,length and width measurements than ASTM and it lack across chest width,back width,total crotch length and shoulder slope which are important measurements in pattern making.ASTM classifies its standards according to the customers' size,gender and age.So we think GB standard could make some modifications from these fields to satisfy the users.

Addition of Minority Languages to Standards of Safety Information

The necessity of adding safetyinformation which is in minority languagesinto standards is discussed.The requirementsof the WTO-TBT agreement and IECare analyzed.The relevant laws and foundationtechnology for minority languages inChina are discussed.The precedents ofstandards or technical regulations are enumerated.The conclusion is put forward thatsafety information in minority languagesshould be added into standards as soon aspossible.

Interpretation of the experimental data provided by Gómez-Rivas and Griera(2012) in terms of the MEM-criterion

The systematical experiments carried out by G6mez-Rivas and Griera （2012） demonstrate that the ductile shear zones initiate at 55° to 0-1 just as predicted by the MEM-criterion. However, the data are explained in terms of dilatancy, which requires many prerequisites and implies that the ±55° angle is only valid for the used material. In contrast, the -55°predicted by the MEM-criterion is material independent, which makes it widely applicable to explaining the development of ductile shear zones in nature.