A simple and rapid new method is presented to determine the CO 2/O 2 specificity factor for ribulose_1,5_bisphosphate(RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). In principle, the quantitative formula, which intrinsicall...A simple and rapid new method is presented to determine the CO 2/O 2 specificity factor for ribulose_1,5_bisphosphate(RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). In principle, the quantitative formula, which intrinsically resulted in error or enormous error in all reported methods, was improved to circumvent the problem. In practice, the complicated procedure with radiolabelling and chromatographic separation of 3_phosphoglycerate and 2_phosphoglycolate was substituted by one_step procedure without radiolabelling and chromatographic separation to decrease the random error. The effects of pH, temperature and ionic strength on accuracy of the data and the reliability of the calculation of the CO 2/O 2 specificity factor are also discussed.展开更多
The uncertainty of standard solution plays an important role in detection of pesticide residues. It may affect the accuracy of detection results. In this study, the 14 organophosphorus pesticides mixed standard soluti...The uncertainty of standard solution plays an important role in detection of pesticide residues. It may affect the accuracy of detection results. In this study, the 14 organophosphorus pesticides mixed standard solution was used as the material to analyze all the influencing factors for the preparation of mixed standard solution with uncertainty as the only judging index. The preparation uncertainty of mixed standard solution was calculated with the top-down calculation method. In the end, the expanded uncertainty was presented. The results showed that the preparation of mixed standard solution from stock solution with precise pipettes had a relatively low uncertainty.展开更多
Locating the marine target in a quick and precise way is the crucial point of implementing SAR （search and rescue） at sea, which involves aspects of developing SAR strategy and detects the marine targets. As the eff...Locating the marine target in a quick and precise way is the crucial point of implementing SAR （search and rescue） at sea, which involves aspects of developing SAR strategy and detects the marine targets. As the effect of marine target detection restricts the SAR result directly, the study has focused on reviewing the previous research about marine target detection, especially dim marine target detection. What＇s more, small target detection under complex sea status is one of the severe challenges which is research＇s hotspot and needs more endeavor. Current research results and future research directions are discussed in the paper. The findings can provide systematic view of implementing maritime search and rescue for field researchers and governors.展开更多
The settlement of particles is of great importance in many areas. The accurate determination of drag coefficient and settling velocity in wide Reynolds number （Re） range remains a problem. In this paper, a series of...The settlement of particles is of great importance in many areas. The accurate determination of drag coefficient and settling velocity in wide Reynolds number （Re） range remains a problem. In this paper, a series of new formulas for drag coefficient of spherical particles based on theoretical laws, such as the Stokes law, the Oseen law, and the Goldstein law, were developed and fitted using 480 groups of experimental data （Re 〈 2 × 10^5）. The results show that the 2nd approximation of a rational function containing only one parameter can describe Co-Re relationship accurately over the whole Re range of 0-2× 10^5. The new developed formulas containing five parameters show higher goodness over wide Re range than presently existing equations. The introduction of the Oseen law is helpful for improving the fitting goodness of the empirical formulas. On the basis of one of the Oseen-based Co-Re formulas giving the lowest sum of squared relative errors Qover the whole Re range （Re 〈 2 × 10^5）, a general formula for settling velocity ut based on dimensionless parameters was proposed showing high goodness.展开更多
A method of reliability analysis based on a direct strength calculation employing the von Mises stress failure criterion is presented here. The short term strain distributions of ship hull structural components are id...A method of reliability analysis based on a direct strength calculation employing the von Mises stress failure criterion is presented here. The short term strain distributions of ship hull structural components are identified through the statistical analysis of the wave-induced strain history and the long term distributions by the weighted summation of the short term strain distributions. The wave-induced long term strain distribution is combined with the still water strain. The extreme strain distribution of the response strain is obtained by statistical analysis of the combined strains. The limit state function of the reliability analysis is based on the von Mises stress failure criterion, including the related uncertainties due to the quality of the material and model uncertainty. The reliability index is calculated using FORM and sensitivity analysis of each variable that has effects on the reliability is also discussed.展开更多
文摘A simple and rapid new method is presented to determine the CO 2/O 2 specificity factor for ribulose_1,5_bisphosphate(RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). In principle, the quantitative formula, which intrinsically resulted in error or enormous error in all reported methods, was improved to circumvent the problem. In practice, the complicated procedure with radiolabelling and chromatographic separation of 3_phosphoglycerate and 2_phosphoglycolate was substituted by one_step procedure without radiolabelling and chromatographic separation to decrease the random error. The effects of pH, temperature and ionic strength on accuracy of the data and the reliability of the calculation of the CO 2/O 2 specificity factor are also discussed.
文摘The uncertainty of standard solution plays an important role in detection of pesticide residues. It may affect the accuracy of detection results. In this study, the 14 organophosphorus pesticides mixed standard solution was used as the material to analyze all the influencing factors for the preparation of mixed standard solution with uncertainty as the only judging index. The preparation uncertainty of mixed standard solution was calculated with the top-down calculation method. In the end, the expanded uncertainty was presented. The results showed that the preparation of mixed standard solution from stock solution with precise pipettes had a relatively low uncertainty.
基金The authors appreciate the project support from China Scholarship Council, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （51579143, 51379121, 61304230）, Shanghai Shuguang Plan Project （No： 15SG44） and China Postdoctoral Foundation （No. 2015M581585）.
文摘Locating the marine target in a quick and precise way is the crucial point of implementing SAR （search and rescue） at sea, which involves aspects of developing SAR strategy and detects the marine targets. As the effect of marine target detection restricts the SAR result directly, the study has focused on reviewing the previous research about marine target detection, especially dim marine target detection. What＇s more, small target detection under complex sea status is one of the severe challenges which is research＇s hotspot and needs more endeavor. Current research results and future research directions are discussed in the paper. The findings can provide systematic view of implementing maritime search and rescue for field researchers and governors.
基金financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,No.50974094)
文摘The settlement of particles is of great importance in many areas. The accurate determination of drag coefficient and settling velocity in wide Reynolds number （Re） range remains a problem. In this paper, a series of new formulas for drag coefficient of spherical particles based on theoretical laws, such as the Stokes law, the Oseen law, and the Goldstein law, were developed and fitted using 480 groups of experimental data （Re 〈 2 × 10^5）. The results show that the 2nd approximation of a rational function containing only one parameter can describe Co-Re relationship accurately over the whole Re range of 0-2× 10^5. The new developed formulas containing five parameters show higher goodness over wide Re range than presently existing equations. The introduction of the Oseen law is helpful for improving the fitting goodness of the empirical formulas. On the basis of one of the Oseen-based Co-Re formulas giving the lowest sum of squared relative errors Qover the whole Re range （Re 〈 2 × 10^5）, a general formula for settling velocity ut based on dimensionless parameters was proposed showing high goodness.
文摘A method of reliability analysis based on a direct strength calculation employing the von Mises stress failure criterion is presented here. The short term strain distributions of ship hull structural components are identified through the statistical analysis of the wave-induced strain history and the long term distributions by the weighted summation of the short term strain distributions. The wave-induced long term strain distribution is combined with the still water strain. The extreme strain distribution of the response strain is obtained by statistical analysis of the combined strains. The limit state function of the reliability analysis is based on the von Mises stress failure criterion, including the related uncertainties due to the quality of the material and model uncertainty. The reliability index is calculated using FORM and sensitivity analysis of each variable that has effects on the reliability is also discussed.
