诊断准确性试验(diagnostic test accuracy,DTA)的系统评价/Meta分析报告规范(PRISMA-DTA)用于规范和提高DTA的系统评价/Meta分析的报告质量,其于2018年1月发表在JAMA杂志。本文对其条目进行解读,以促进国内学者对PRISMA-DTA的理解和应...诊断准确性试验(diagnostic test accuracy,DTA)的系统评价/Meta分析报告规范(PRISMA-DTA)用于规范和提高DTA的系统评价/Meta分析的报告质量,其于2018年1月发表在JAMA杂志。本文对其条目进行解读,以促进国内学者对PRISMA-DTA的理解和应用,以期提高DTA的系统评价/Meta分析报告质量。展开更多
目的 评价ICU意识模糊评估量表(Confusion Assessment Method of Intensive Care Unit,CAM-ICU)和重症监护谵妄筛查量表(Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist,ICDSC)对重症患者谵妄发生的应用效果,为重症患者谵妄筛查的工具选...目的 评价ICU意识模糊评估量表(Confusion Assessment Method of Intensive Care Unit,CAM-ICU)和重症监护谵妄筛查量表(Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist,ICDSC)对重症患者谵妄发生的应用效果,为重症患者谵妄筛查的工具选择提供依据。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库从建库至2023年2月24日关于CAM-ICU与ICDSC的诊断试验准确性比较研究。经过文献筛选、文献质量评估、资料提取后,采用Rev Man 5.3软件和Meta-DiSc软件进行数据分析。结果 共纳入10篇研究,CAM-ICU和ICDSC的合并灵敏度分别为0.73和0.77;合并特异度分别为0.93和0.91;合并诊断比值比为37.62和36.95。结论 CAM-ICU与ICDSC在重症患者谵妄筛查中均具有良好的诊断效度;基于谵妄的波动性特点,CAM-ICU可能更适合ICU环境下患者的谵妄评估。展开更多
Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-2...Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-20%) to aggressive(20%), enthusiasm for more conservative management strategies in the elderly and infirmed, such as active surveillance(AS), have grown considerably. As the management of the SRM evolves to incorporate ablative techniques and AS for low risk disease, the role of renal mass biopsy(RMB) to help guide individualized therapy is evolving. Historically, the role of RMB was limited to the evaluation of suspected metastatic disease, renal abscess, or lymphoma. However, in the contemporary era, the role of biopsy has grown, most notably to identify patients who harbor benign lesions and for whom treatment, particularly the elderly or frail, may be avoided. When performing a RMB to guide initial clinical decision making for small, localized tumors, the most relevant questions are often relegated to proof of malignancy and documentation(if possible) of grade. However, significant intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) that may lead to an underestimation of the genetic complexity of a tumor when single-biopsy procedures are used. Heterogeneous genomic landscapes and branched parallel evolution of ccRCCs with spatially separated subclones creates an illusion of clonal dominance when assessed by single biopsies and raises important questions regarding how tumors can be optimally sampled and whether future evolutionary tumor branches might be predictable and ultimately targetable. This work raises profound questions concerning the genetic landscape of cancer and how tumor heterogeneity may affect, and possibly confound, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the current role of RMB, the implications of tumor heterogeneity on diagnostic accuracy, and highlight promising future directions.展开更多
Objective The present study aimed to determine the accuracy of real-time tissue elastography （RTE） for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods The search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Librar...Objective The present study aimed to determine the accuracy of real-time tissue elastography （RTE） for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods The search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine databases from inception through December 31, 2014, without language restrictions. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA version 12.0 and Meta-Disc version 1.4. We calculated the summary statistics for sensitivity （Sen）, specificity （Spe）, positive and negative likelihood ratio （LR＋/LR–）, diagnostic odds ratio （DOR）, and summary receiver operating characteristic （SROC） curve. Results Ten studies that met al inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 608 ma-lignant breast lesions and 1292 benign breast tumors were assessed. Al breast lesions were histological y confirmed after RTE. The pooled Sen was 0.83 （95% CI = 0.79–0.86）; the pooled Spe was 0.86 （95% CI = 0.84–0.88）. The pooled LR＋ was 9.87 （95% CI = 2.66–36.71）; the pooled LR– was 0.20 （95% CI = 0.17–0.23）. The pooled DOR of RTE for the diagnosis of breast cancer was 62.21 （95% CI = 33.88–114.24）. The area under the SROC curve was 0.9334 （standard error = 0.00125）. We found no evidence of publica-tion bias （t = –0.57, P = 0.582）. Conclusion RTE may have high diagnostic accuracy for the dif erential diagnosis of benign and malig-nant breast tumors. RTE may be a good tool for breast cancer diagnosis.展开更多
Urticaceae Juss.is a large cosmopolitan family and taxonomically difficult group,partly because it encompasses a broad range of morphological diversity and many of the diagnostic characters（e.g.flower,achene.stipule,...Urticaceae Juss.is a large cosmopolitan family and taxonomically difficult group,partly because it encompasses a broad range of morphological diversity and many of the diagnostic characters（e.g.flower,achene.stipule,bract）require a microscope for accurate determination.Meanwhile,most Uriiceae species have stinging hairs which make them more difficult to collect and identify.As a result,the infra-familial classification of Urticaceae has been controversial for more than a century.A research group led by Prof.展开更多
Objective： Focused Abdominal Sono graphy for Trauma （FAST） is widely used for the detection of intraperitoneal free fluids in patients suffering from blunt abdominal trauma （BAT）. This study aimed at assessing th...Objective： Focused Abdominal Sono graphy for Trauma （FAST） is widely used for the detection of intraperitoneal free fluids in patients suffering from blunt abdominal trauma （BAT）. This study aimed at assessing the diagnostic accuracy of this investigation in a designated trauma centre. Methods： This was a retrospective study of BAT pa tients over a 6 year period seen in a trauma centre in Hong Kong. FAST findings were compared with laparotomy, ab dominal computed tomography or autopsy findings, which served as the gold standard for presence of intraperi toneal free fluids. The patients who did not have FAST or gold standard confirmatory test performed, had preexisting peritoneal fluid, died at resuscitation or had imcomplete docu mentation of FAST findings were excluded. The performance of FAST was expressed as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values （PV）, likelihood ratios （LR） and accuracy. Results： FAST was performed in 302 patients and 153 of them were included in this analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive PV, negative PV, positive LR, negative LR and accuracy for FAST were respectively 50.0%, 97.3%, 87.0%, 84.6%, 18.8, 0.5 and 85.0%. FAST was found to be more sensitive in less severely injured patients and more specific in more severely injured patients. Conclusion： FAST is a reliable investigation in the initial assessment of BAT patients. The diagnostic values of FAST could be affected by the severity of injury and staff training is needed to further enhance its effective use.展开更多
文摘诊断准确性试验(diagnostic test accuracy,DTA)的系统评价/Meta分析报告规范(PRISMA-DTA)用于规范和提高DTA的系统评价/Meta分析的报告质量,其于2018年1月发表在JAMA杂志。本文对其条目进行解读,以促进国内学者对PRISMA-DTA的理解和应用,以期提高DTA的系统评价/Meta分析报告质量。
文摘目的 评价ICU意识模糊评估量表(Confusion Assessment Method of Intensive Care Unit,CAM-ICU)和重症监护谵妄筛查量表(Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist,ICDSC)对重症患者谵妄发生的应用效果,为重症患者谵妄筛查的工具选择提供依据。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库从建库至2023年2月24日关于CAM-ICU与ICDSC的诊断试验准确性比较研究。经过文献筛选、文献质量评估、资料提取后,采用Rev Man 5.3软件和Meta-DiSc软件进行数据分析。结果 共纳入10篇研究,CAM-ICU和ICDSC的合并灵敏度分别为0.73和0.77;合并特异度分别为0.93和0.91;合并诊断比值比为37.62和36.95。结论 CAM-ICU与ICDSC在重症患者谵妄筛查中均具有良好的诊断效度;基于谵妄的波动性特点,CAM-ICU可能更适合ICU环境下患者的谵妄评估。
文摘Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-20%) to aggressive(20%), enthusiasm for more conservative management strategies in the elderly and infirmed, such as active surveillance(AS), have grown considerably. As the management of the SRM evolves to incorporate ablative techniques and AS for low risk disease, the role of renal mass biopsy(RMB) to help guide individualized therapy is evolving. Historically, the role of RMB was limited to the evaluation of suspected metastatic disease, renal abscess, or lymphoma. However, in the contemporary era, the role of biopsy has grown, most notably to identify patients who harbor benign lesions and for whom treatment, particularly the elderly or frail, may be avoided. When performing a RMB to guide initial clinical decision making for small, localized tumors, the most relevant questions are often relegated to proof of malignancy and documentation(if possible) of grade. However, significant intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) that may lead to an underestimation of the genetic complexity of a tumor when single-biopsy procedures are used. Heterogeneous genomic landscapes and branched parallel evolution of ccRCCs with spatially separated subclones creates an illusion of clonal dominance when assessed by single biopsies and raises important questions regarding how tumors can be optimally sampled and whether future evolutionary tumor branches might be predictable and ultimately targetable. This work raises profound questions concerning the genetic landscape of cancer and how tumor heterogeneity may affect, and possibly confound, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the current role of RMB, the implications of tumor heterogeneity on diagnostic accuracy, and highlight promising future directions.
文摘Objective The present study aimed to determine the accuracy of real-time tissue elastography （RTE） for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods The search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine databases from inception through December 31, 2014, without language restrictions. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA version 12.0 and Meta-Disc version 1.4. We calculated the summary statistics for sensitivity （Sen）, specificity （Spe）, positive and negative likelihood ratio （LR＋/LR–）, diagnostic odds ratio （DOR）, and summary receiver operating characteristic （SROC） curve. Results Ten studies that met al inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 608 ma-lignant breast lesions and 1292 benign breast tumors were assessed. Al breast lesions were histological y confirmed after RTE. The pooled Sen was 0.83 （95% CI = 0.79–0.86）; the pooled Spe was 0.86 （95% CI = 0.84–0.88）. The pooled LR＋ was 9.87 （95% CI = 2.66–36.71）; the pooled LR– was 0.20 （95% CI = 0.17–0.23）. The pooled DOR of RTE for the diagnosis of breast cancer was 62.21 （95% CI = 33.88–114.24）. The area under the SROC curve was 0.9334 （standard error = 0.00125）. We found no evidence of publica-tion bias （t = –0.57, P = 0.582）. Conclusion RTE may have high diagnostic accuracy for the dif erential diagnosis of benign and malig-nant breast tumors. RTE may be a good tool for breast cancer diagnosis.
文摘Urticaceae Juss.is a large cosmopolitan family and taxonomically difficult group,partly because it encompasses a broad range of morphological diversity and many of the diagnostic characters（e.g.flower,achene.stipule,bract）require a microscope for accurate determination.Meanwhile,most Uriiceae species have stinging hairs which make them more difficult to collect and identify.As a result,the infra-familial classification of Urticaceae has been controversial for more than a century.A research group led by Prof.
文摘Objective： Focused Abdominal Sono graphy for Trauma （FAST） is widely used for the detection of intraperitoneal free fluids in patients suffering from blunt abdominal trauma （BAT）. This study aimed at assessing the diagnostic accuracy of this investigation in a designated trauma centre. Methods： This was a retrospective study of BAT pa tients over a 6 year period seen in a trauma centre in Hong Kong. FAST findings were compared with laparotomy, ab dominal computed tomography or autopsy findings, which served as the gold standard for presence of intraperi toneal free fluids. The patients who did not have FAST or gold standard confirmatory test performed, had preexisting peritoneal fluid, died at resuscitation or had imcomplete docu mentation of FAST findings were excluded. The performance of FAST was expressed as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values （PV）, likelihood ratios （LR） and accuracy. Results： FAST was performed in 302 patients and 153 of them were included in this analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive PV, negative PV, positive LR, negative LR and accuracy for FAST were respectively 50.0%, 97.3%, 87.0%, 84.6%, 18.8, 0.5 and 85.0%. FAST was found to be more sensitive in less severely injured patients and more specific in more severely injured patients. Conclusion： FAST is a reliable investigation in the initial assessment of BAT patients. The diagnostic values of FAST could be affected by the severity of injury and staff training is needed to further enhance its effective use.
