准脆材料动力强度的本质和侧向惯性约束作用

从材料内部结构层次的角度,就准脆材料动力强度的本质和侧向惯性效应的作用问题进行了研究。利用岩体的Maxwell型松弛模型,得到了试样的强度、应变率、试样尺度和松弛速度之间的关系。利用这一关系解释了实验得到的岩石试样的动力强度与应变率成正比、与试件的尺寸成正比的结果。利用这一关系和实验数据拟合,得到了断裂传播速度随试件尺寸的增大而减小的结论。利用这一关系,结合Bazant的静力强度尺寸律,确定了相应的区分动力尺寸效应与静力尺寸效应的特征应变率。进一步的研究表明,岩石试样的动力强度的本质是由于断裂传播速度的有限性,当加载速度足够大时,在试样完全宏观断裂之前所发生的超载。侧向惯性约束的作用可以归结为降低了断裂的传播速度,即降低了松弛速度,从而有更充足的时间保证超载的发生。

Crack branching mechanism of rock-like quasi-brittle materials under dynamic stress

The cracking patterns of a thin sheet with a pre-existing crack subjected to dynamic loading are numerically simulated to investigate the mechanism of crack branching by using the FEM method.Six numerical models were set up to study the effects of load,tensile strength and heterogeneity on crack branching.The crack propagation is affected by the applied loads,tensile strength and heterogeneity.Before crack branching,the crack propagates by some distance along the direction of the pre-existing crack.For the materials with low heterogeneity,the higher the applied stress level is and the lower the tensile strength of the material is,the shorter the propagation distance is.Moreover,the branching angle becomes larger and the number of branching cracks increases.In the case of the materials with high heterogeneity,a lot of disordered voids and microcracks randomly occur along the main crack,so the former law is not obvious.The numerical results not only are in good agreement with the experimental observations in laboratory,but also can be extended to heterogeneity media.The work can provide a good approach to model the cracking and fracturing of heterogeneous quasi-brittle materials,such as rock,under dynamic loading.

Statistical damage model for quasi-brittle materials under uniaxial tension

Based on the parallel bar system, combining with the synergetic method, the catastrophe theory and the acoustic emission test, a new motivated statistical damage model for quasi-brittle solid was developed. Taking concrete for instances, the rationality and the flexibility of this model and its parameters-determining method were identified by the comparative analyses between theoretical and experimental curves. The results show that the model can simulate the whole damage and fracture process in the fracture process zone of material when the materials arc exposed to quasi-static uniaxial tensile traction. The influence of the mesoscopic damage mechanism on the macroscopic mechanical properties of quasi-brittle materials is summarized into two aspects, rupture damage and yield damage. The whole damage course is divided into the statistical even damage phase and the local breach phase, corresponding to the two stages described by the catastrophe theory. The two characteristic states, the peak nominal stress state and the critical state are distinguished, and the critical state plays a key role during the whole damage evolution course.

A combined continuous-discontinuous approach for failure process of quasi-brittle materials

Rock,concrete and other geo-materials,due to the presence of microstructural inhomogeneity,their fracture processes and damage characteristics are associated with the distribution of micro-cracks contained in the materials.In this study,by introducing a cohesive zone model based on fracture mechanics into the framework of deformable discrete element method,a continuous-discontinuous coupling analysis approach for simulating the fracture of quasi-brittle materials is proposed.The cohesive interface elements are inserted into certain engineering or research region.It is assumed that damage and fracture occur only in the interface elements,while bulk material is modeled to be elastic.The Mohr-Coulomb criterion with tension cut-off is adopted as the damage initiation criterion,and a scalar damage variable representing damage in the material is used to describe the rate at which the material stiffness is degraded.Cracks are simulated explicitly by the failure of the interface elements.Numerical simulations are performed in order to validate the suggested method.Partial applications are also listed.The results show that this method provides a simple but effective tool for the simulation of crack initiation and propagation,and it can reflect the whole process of quasi-brittle materials from small deformation to large deformation and failure.