针对先进压缩空气储能(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)系统释能发电阶段储热或储气能量不足时,膨胀发电机组将被迫突发停机,负荷突降会对电网稳定性造成冲击的问题,提出AA-CAES系统释能发电阶段安全减出力...针对先进压缩空气储能(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)系统释能发电阶段储热或储气能量不足时,膨胀发电机组将被迫突发停机,负荷突降会对电网稳定性造成冲击的问题,提出AA-CAES系统释能发电阶段安全减出力控制的控制策略,同时基于10 MW AA-CAES系统建立安全减出力控制仿真回路,探讨降负荷速率、蓄热罐水位限定值等关键参数对AA-CAES系统发电过程的影响。仿真结果表明,投入安全减出力控制回路能够有效延长AA-CAES系统释能发电时间,为电网提供应急安全时间,能有效缓解突减负荷对电网的冲击,具有广阔的推广应用空间。展开更多
China has achieved economic growth while great carbon emissions reduction in recent years. Amid China＇s effort to reduce emissions, the Five-Year Plans have guided and motivated local and foreign forces from the gove...China has achieved economic growth while great carbon emissions reduction in recent years. Amid China＇s effort to reduce emissions, the Five-Year Plans have guided and motivated local and foreign forces from the government, industries, and society to work together. This paper showed that a mediumehigh economic growth gate, industry structure adjustment, and energy structure adjustment, which are guaranteed under the Five-Year Plan, all contribute to energy saving in China. The economy entered a stable growing phase during the 12 th Five-Year Plan, while the economic growth rate declined to 7.8% from 11.2% in the 11 th Five-Year Plan. Simultaneously, the CO2 emissions growth rate declined from8.32%（2009-2012 mean） to 1.82%（2012-2014 mean）. Industrial structure adjustment canceled out nearly one-third of the CO2 emissions caused by economic growth. Under the 13 th Five-Year Plan, China will continue its energy saving efforts on the green development path, with greener quotas, a stricter implementation process, and more key projects.展开更多
A new prosthetic hand with a fixed thumb and four fingers actuated by Shape Memory Alloy （SMA） type artificial muscle has been developed in this paper. Different from typical geared motor, SMA actuator is lightweigh...A new prosthetic hand with a fixed thumb and four fingers actuated by Shape Memory Alloy （SMA） type artificial muscle has been developed in this paper. Different from typical geared motor, SMA actuator is lightweight and silent, however shows a little short stroke and small attracting force per each unit. In order to achieve enough output force and motion range of each finger, multiple SMA type artificial muscles with special device which facilitates enough length are equipped in the hand. The fundamental properties of the SMA type artificial muscle including output force and electrical response were determined experimentally and considered for the design of hand mechanism. Besides, the structure of each finger and whole system has been designed based on observation of human hand. The electrical hardware to control multiple shape memory alloy type artificial muscles has been also developed. Finally, the usefulness of the prosthetic hand has been investigated through experiments for grasping several types of objects.展开更多
文摘针对先进压缩空气储能(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)系统释能发电阶段储热或储气能量不足时,膨胀发电机组将被迫突发停机,负荷突降会对电网稳定性造成冲击的问题,提出AA-CAES系统释能发电阶段安全减出力控制的控制策略,同时基于10 MW AA-CAES系统建立安全减出力控制仿真回路,探讨降负荷速率、蓄热罐水位限定值等关键参数对AA-CAES系统发电过程的影响。仿真结果表明,投入安全减出力控制回路能够有效延长AA-CAES系统释能发电时间,为电网提供应急安全时间,能有效缓解突减负荷对电网的冲击,具有广阔的推广应用空间。
基金supported by the "study of Green space management system and protection" of mechanism Economic Development Research Center of State Forestry Administration (ZDWT-2014-3)
文摘China has achieved economic growth while great carbon emissions reduction in recent years. Amid China＇s effort to reduce emissions, the Five-Year Plans have guided and motivated local and foreign forces from the government, industries, and society to work together. This paper showed that a mediumehigh economic growth gate, industry structure adjustment, and energy structure adjustment, which are guaranteed under the Five-Year Plan, all contribute to energy saving in China. The economy entered a stable growing phase during the 12 th Five-Year Plan, while the economic growth rate declined to 7.8% from 11.2% in the 11 th Five-Year Plan. Simultaneously, the CO2 emissions growth rate declined from8.32%（2009-2012 mean） to 1.82%（2012-2014 mean）. Industrial structure adjustment canceled out nearly one-third of the CO2 emissions caused by economic growth. Under the 13 th Five-Year Plan, China will continue its energy saving efforts on the green development path, with greener quotas, a stricter implementation process, and more key projects.
文摘A new prosthetic hand with a fixed thumb and four fingers actuated by Shape Memory Alloy （SMA） type artificial muscle has been developed in this paper. Different from typical geared motor, SMA actuator is lightweight and silent, however shows a little short stroke and small attracting force per each unit. In order to achieve enough output force and motion range of each finger, multiple SMA type artificial muscles with special device which facilitates enough length are equipped in the hand. The fundamental properties of the SMA type artificial muscle including output force and electrical response were determined experimentally and considered for the design of hand mechanism. Besides, the structure of each finger and whole system has been designed based on observation of human hand. The electrical hardware to control multiple shape memory alloy type artificial muscles has been also developed. Finally, the usefulness of the prosthetic hand has been investigated through experiments for grasping several types of objects.
