In this work, historical background of power generation by small hydro-power plants across the world and specially across the Iran with emphasis on small hydro-power plant utilization as recovery turbine in water tran...In this work, historical background of power generation by small hydro-power plants across the world and specially across the Iran with emphasis on small hydro-power plant utilization as recovery turbine in water transmission pipeline have been attended firstly, and then, three water transmission pipelines from Chah-nemie to Zahedan city, Shirindare dam to Bojnord city and Mokhtaran desert to Birjand city in Iran have been studied as case study samples. According to the sample pipeline characteristics and pipeline topography, reachable energy have been estimated; in the next step, pay attending to reachable energy, initial investment cost, total benefit of operating period, benefit to cost ratio and other economical parameters for small hydro-power plants in case study pipelines have been presented and generated power cost of the same amount via other resources compared to the hydro-power cost. At the end, in agreement with environmental advantages of small hydro-power plants, the methods of generated power utilization, proper solution for optimization of reachable energy in water transmission pipeline and substitution of pressure reducing valve by small hydro-power plant in the pipelines as a major solution for energy recovering in water pipelines have been proposed.展开更多
Purpose： Traumatic optic neuropathy （TON） is a serious complication of head trauma with the incidence rate of 0.5%-5%. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic decompression o...Purpose： Traumatic optic neuropathy （TON） is a serious complication of head trauma with the incidence rate of 0.5%-5%. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic decompression of the optic canal for optic nerve injuries. Methods： In this study, 11 patients treated in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2015 with the visual loss resulting from TON were retrospectively reviewed for preoperative vision, visual evoked potential （VEP） scan, surgical approach, postoperative visual acuity, complications, and follow-up results. Results： All these patients received endoscopic decompression of the optic canal. At the 3-month follow- up, the visual acuity improvement rate of the 11 patients was 45.5%. The vision acuity of 2 cases improved from hand movement to 0.08 and 0.3 after operation. Another patient＇s vision acuity returned to 0.05 compared to light sensation preoperatively. Two cases had finger counting before surgery but they had a vision acuity of 0.4 and light sensation respectively after surgery. However, the other 6 cases＇ vision did not improve after surgery. Conclusion： Endoscopic decompression of the optic canal is an effective way to cure TON. VEP could be used as an important reference for preoperative and prognosis evaluation. Operative time after trauma is only a relative condition that may affect the therapeutic effect of optic canal decompression. Poor results of this procedure may be related to the severity of the optic nerve injury.展开更多
文摘In this work, historical background of power generation by small hydro-power plants across the world and specially across the Iran with emphasis on small hydro-power plant utilization as recovery turbine in water transmission pipeline have been attended firstly, and then, three water transmission pipelines from Chah-nemie to Zahedan city, Shirindare dam to Bojnord city and Mokhtaran desert to Birjand city in Iran have been studied as case study samples. According to the sample pipeline characteristics and pipeline topography, reachable energy have been estimated; in the next step, pay attending to reachable energy, initial investment cost, total benefit of operating period, benefit to cost ratio and other economical parameters for small hydro-power plants in case study pipelines have been presented and generated power cost of the same amount via other resources compared to the hydro-power cost. At the end, in agreement with environmental advantages of small hydro-power plants, the methods of generated power utilization, proper solution for optimization of reachable energy in water transmission pipeline and substitution of pressure reducing valve by small hydro-power plant in the pipelines as a major solution for energy recovering in water pipelines have been proposed.
文摘Purpose： Traumatic optic neuropathy （TON） is a serious complication of head trauma with the incidence rate of 0.5%-5%. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic decompression of the optic canal for optic nerve injuries. Methods： In this study, 11 patients treated in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2015 with the visual loss resulting from TON were retrospectively reviewed for preoperative vision, visual evoked potential （VEP） scan, surgical approach, postoperative visual acuity, complications, and follow-up results. Results： All these patients received endoscopic decompression of the optic canal. At the 3-month follow- up, the visual acuity improvement rate of the 11 patients was 45.5%. The vision acuity of 2 cases improved from hand movement to 0.08 and 0.3 after operation. Another patient＇s vision acuity returned to 0.05 compared to light sensation preoperatively. Two cases had finger counting before surgery but they had a vision acuity of 0.4 and light sensation respectively after surgery. However, the other 6 cases＇ vision did not improve after surgery. Conclusion： Endoscopic decompression of the optic canal is an effective way to cure TON. VEP could be used as an important reference for preoperative and prognosis evaluation. Operative time after trauma is only a relative condition that may affect the therapeutic effect of optic canal decompression. Poor results of this procedure may be related to the severity of the optic nerve injury.
