汽车悬架弹簧多级减振刚度的应用性能分析

介绍了汽车非线性减振悬架的性能特点。根据非线性悬架特点设计了一种四级减振刚度弹簧;根据非线性曲线的特点,把汽车的不同工况分解为四减振区域,并分别把每一个减振区域匹配出不同刚度的线性弹性刚度,相当于用一次曲线去逼近空气弹簧的多次刚度曲线,这样就能得到吸振能力非常接近空气弹簧的弹性特性。进一步计算了四级减振刚度悬架汽车的减振频率、静挠度、振幅、阻尼特性。计算结果表明,四级减振刚度悬架比单刚度悬架舒适性能有很大的提高。

重叠式4级减振刚度悬架汽车单质量系统的阻尼特性

介绍了汽车单质量系统的频率响应特性;研究了阻尼变化对汽车不同减振频域的振动响应;计算了刚度变化对汽车振动阻尼的影响,进一步分析了由振幅或压缩行程不同形成的4级刚度悬架对汽车振动特性的影响。

基于有限元的液压双腔减振刚度性能优化研究

液压减振器在高铁、重型机械和汽车中广泛应用。针对液压减振系统刚度易受不同液压油压缩性、粘压性和抗剪性等特性影响的问题,分析对比不同液压油阻尼特性,获得具有最佳阻尼特性的油液介质。为了优化液压减振刚度,分析计算具有浮动活塞隔离的减振系统的理论刚度。基于流固耦合原理,采用ADINA有限元分析软件,建立了两种硅油减振介质的流固耦合模型,获得了弹性模量和粘度等对刚度的影响程度。仿真结果表明,它与理论计算刚度相差1%,获得了较好的契合度,也验证了采用浮动密封块结构形成上下两级弹簧腔的液压减振器可变刚度的方案的可行性,为减振器的优化设计提供了很好的参考。

浮置板轨道减振垫的刚度测试与评价

为了科学测试与评价浮置板轨道减振垫刚度,为浮置板轨道静动力学特性分析提供准确的计算参数,通过有限元仿真计算减振垫测试样品的荷载施加范围,应用配备温度箱的力学试验机并结合温频等效原理测试了减振垫静刚度以及5.0、10.0、20.0、30.0 Hz频率下的动刚度;在得到减振垫准确力学参数的基础上,对比分析了采用传统4.0 Hz参数与真实频变参数对浮置板轨道固有频率以及导纳特性的影响.研究结果表明:浮置板轨道变形、静力学分析以及底座板弯曲变形应分别采用3种不同荷载范围下的静刚度;浮置板轨道调谐频率,安全性以及减振效果应分别采用3种不同预压条件下的动刚度;无(有)车载条件下聚氨酯减振垫4.0 Hz参数得到的浮置板固有频率为27.0 Hz(15.5 Hz),而考虑频变刚度的真实固有频率为31.5 Hz(18.3 Hz);采用4.0 Hz减振垫参数分析浮置板振动传递特性将会低估浮置板轨道固有频率,高估隔振频带及隔振效果;当采用浮置板轨道真实一阶固有频率对应的减振垫参数,其导纳计算结果与考虑减振垫真实频变特性基本一致.

120 km/h地铁减振垫浮置板动力学特性分析及减振垫刚度取值研究

目前,国内部分地铁设计速度已达120 km/ h,有必要针对该速度条件下的减振垫浮置板动力特性以及减振垫刚度取值等问题展开专门研究。基于有限元软件,建立车辆-轨道-隧道耦合动力学模型,可对120 km/ h 速度条件下地铁车辆、钢轨、减振垫浮置板,以及隧道结构等细部结构的动力学特性进行详细的研究。经计算和检算可知,在减振垫浮置板上运行120 km/ h 速度的地铁 A 型车,其各项动力学指标均满足动力学检算标准；同时计算结果表明,减振垫面刚度宜取0.01-0.02 N/ mm3.

刚度阻尼联动减振支柱的NJ2045型车后悬架参数优化

为了提高NJ2045型越野车在复杂工况下的行驶平顺性、安全性及道路友好性,将一种刚度阻尼可调式减振支柱替代减振器应用于该车的后悬架。分析了刚度阻尼可调式减振支柱的工作原理和性能特点,针对该减振支柱与钢板弹簧组成的复合式后悬架系统,采用粒子群优化算法,通过Matlab编制优化计算程序,对四种工况下的后悬架的刚度和阻尼进行了最优匹配,并对刚度和阻尼的匹配结果进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,通过多工况下悬架系统刚度和阻尼的优化匹配,车身加速度、轮胎动载荷和悬架动行程的最大降幅分别为54.5%、48.8%、24.7%,协调了整车行驶平顺性和安全性之间的矛盾,为改善NJ2045型越野车后悬架性能提供了新的技术方案。

插铣加工中动刚度——阻尼减振刀杆数学模型仿真

介绍了动刚度—阻尼减振刀杆内部结构和减振原理。依据被动控制理论,对刀杆模型进行简化,并详细阐述了数学模型建立过程。针对三种不同形状和结构的刀杆进行仿真对比实验,结果表明,该动刚度—阻尼减振刀杆符合减振要求。

中等减振梯形轨枕轨道结构关键设计参数

为研究中等减振梯形轨枕轨道的动力学特性,采用直接刚度法建立了车辆-梯形轨枕轨道-隧道垂向耦合动力学模型,分析了减振垫垂向静刚度和梯形轨枕厚度对钢轨、轨枕和隧道动力响应的影响。结果表明:当减振垫静刚度在15~30 kN/mm时,减振效果均达到了中等减振要求,梯形轨枕减振垫的垂向静刚度可以根据环境敏感点的具体振动超标量进行选取;与普通整体道床相比,当梯形轨枕的板中减振垫垂向静刚度为25 kN/mm时,梯形轨枕在40 Hz以上的频率范围具有较好的减振效果;增加梯形轨枕厚度可以降低钢轨和轨枕的垂向位移,并通过增加参振质量的方式提高减振性能;当梯形轨枕厚度从0.15 m增至0.35 m时,钢轨垂向位移、轨枕垂向位移和隧道垂向加速度减小幅度达7.73%、和6.82%和18.18%;中等减振梯形轨枕轨道与普通整体道床衔接时,需要在梯形轨枕铺设段设置3块5.8 m过渡梯形轨枕,过渡梯形轨枕的减振垫静刚度应优先按照三级刚度过渡方案进行选取。

减振层刚度对减振型CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道振动响应影响

为了研究减振层刚度变化对减振型CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道振动的影响,本文根据车辆与路基上减振型CRTSⅢ板式无砟轨道结构相互作用的特点,基于有限元理论,提出了一种轨道单元和车辆单元,建立了列车-减振型CRTSⅢ板式无砟轨道耦合动力学时域分析模型,分析了减振层刚度变化对车体、钢轨、轨道板和底座板振动响应的影响。研究结果表明:(1)减振层刚度的变化对车体的振动影响较小,对钢轨、轨道板和底座板的振动影响较大;(2)随着减振层刚度的增大,削弱了板式轨道的弹性,减振层以上结构的振动不断减弱,下部结构的振动不断加剧;(3)同时考虑减振层上部和下部结构的动力效应,建议减振层刚度应在400~700 kN/mm。

北京地铁梯形轨枕减振材料刚度研究

根据梯形轨枕结构形式的特点和北京地铁的工程特点,运用有限单元法建立梯形轨枕垂向受力有限元计算模型。通过分析在不同刚度的减振材料条件下,各个工况的梯形轨枕弯矩、梯形轨枕和钢轨的竖向位移情况,确定了梯形轨枕减振材料合理刚度为1000kN/mm。

高速列车对综合交通枢纽中地下车站结构振动的影响

以济南遥墙综合交通枢纽为工程案例,依托CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道建立车辆-轨道-车站结构振动耦合模型,利用时频域分析方法,分析了不同列车通过速度下轨道与车站结构间振动传递特征、不同减振垫层刚度下车站结构顶板振动响应特征和减振效果。结果表明:列车通过速度80 km/h时,钢轨、轨道板、车站结构侧壁、车站结构顶板振动加速度绝对值依次减小,车站结构顶板振动加速度级峰值出现在100 Hz;车站结构侧壁和顶板的分频最大振级、最大Z振级均随列车通过速度增加而增大,并且最大Z振级的增幅大于分频最大振级;不同列车通过速度下车站结构侧壁的分频最大振级和最大Z振级均大于顶板;降低减振垫层刚度可有效减小车站结构顶板最大Z振级;列车以不同速度通过各股道时可通过采用不同减振垫层刚度的轨道结构达到同等减振效果。

聚氨酯减振浮置板轨道结构减振参数研究

为了更好地进行聚氨酯减振浮置板轨道结构的选型设计,建立车辆-轨道系统动力分析模型,研究轨道板厚度、扣件刚度、减振垫刚度对聚氨酯减振浮置板轨道结构动力响应的影响。结果表明:轨道板厚度增大会导致钢轨加速度相应增大,而钢轨位移、轨道板加速度、基底加速度显著减小;扣件刚度减小会导致钢轨垂向位移增大,而钢轨、轨道板、基底加速度不同程度减小;减振垫刚度增大会导致钢轨垂向位移、垂向加速度减小,而轨道板、基底垂向加速度平稳增大。结合工程实际,建议轨道板厚度取260~300 mm,扣件刚度取20~40 kN/mm,减振垫刚度取0.02~0.03 MPa/mm。

STUDY ON VIBRATION REDUCTION BEHAVIOR FOR THE HYDRAULIC ENGINE MOUNT

In this paper,the metal hydraulic engine mount (HEM) with the orifice is presented,the construction of HEM is consist of hydraulic cylinder and the spring on the bottom,its mechanical model is given and dynamics equations are set up with considering kinematics conditions and continuous of fluid,the dynamics behavior of HEM including dynamic stiffness of fluid and transferability of HEM are studied here.The example of hydraulic engine mount is calculated,it is shown that the vibration reduction performance of the hydraulic engine mount of this paper is better.The analysis method of vibration reduction behavior for HEM in this paper can be used in designing of the reduction vibration devices and the HEM in this paper can be used in the practical engineering for reduction vibration.

城际铁路橡胶浮置板轨道动力特性理论试验研究

城际铁路沿线振动敏感区段多、减振要求较高,橡胶浮置板轨道以其良好的减振性能得到了广泛应用。为研究橡胶浮置板轨道结构动力学特性及其影响因素,建立车辆-橡胶浮置板轨道动力学模型,并开展室内落轴冲击试验,分别从理论与试验角度对橡胶浮置板轨道动力特性进行研究。主要结论如下:(1)橡胶浮置板轨道能够保证城际铁路平顺性要求,轨道结构位移、振动加速度等指标均满足标准要求;(2)城际铁路轨道振动基频在64 Hz附近,橡胶垫刚度越小,振动控制效果越好,刚度建议取0.019~0.042 N/mm^(3);(3)底座振动随车速呈线性增大,设计速度的提高对1~8 Hz及80 Hz以上振动有明显放大作用;(4)通过落轴试验证明,橡胶浮置板轨道在32~100 Hz频段内具有良好减振效果,可减小底座振动8 dB。

Simulation and Experimental Research for Piping Damper with Plunger-type Accumulator

It can be beneficial to reduce vibrations in shipboard piping, so the authors designed a new kind of piping damper with a plunger-type accumulator.Special requirements for the piping damper included low impact displacement, low speed, as well as an appropriate locking speed.Inside the damper, a plunger-type accumulator was installed and on the outside of the piston rod, a tube with exposed corrugations was added.Between the piston and the cylinder, a clearance seal was added.Using mathematical modeling, the effects of the dynamic performance of the damper's impact displacement on vibrations were observed.Changes to the clearance between the piston and the cylinder, the stiffness of the spring in the accumulator, the throttle valve size, and locking speed resistance of the damper were respectively simulated and studied.Based on the results of the simulation, dampers with optimal parameters were developed and tested with different accumulator spring stiffnesses and different throttles.The simulation and experimental results showed that parameters such as seal clearance between piston and cylinder, accumulator spring stiffness and throttle parameters have significant effects on the damper's impact displacement, low speed resistance and locking speed.

桥上减振式无砟轨道动力特性及减振效果研究

通过在无砟轨道道床板下设置弹性橡胶垫层,可为轨道提供一定弹性,有利于减振.针对弹性橡胶垫层减振式无砟轨道,建立高速车辆-无砟轨道-桥梁空间耦合动力学模型,分析计算铺设橡胶减振垫层对列车荷载下无砟轨道结构和桥梁动力特性的影响,并探讨橡胶减振垫层的合理面刚度.研究发现:减振式无砟轨道更有利于行车的安全性和平稳性;采用减振式无砟轨道后,轨道结构整体刚度降低且弹性提高,轨道板与钢轨协同作用,加快振动耗散;梁体和桥墩的动力响应明显减小,桥墩最大减振量为16 dB,发生于200 Hz中心频率处;从控制轨道结构位移、降低减振垫压缩变形量、保证减振效果等角度综合考虑,建议减振垫面刚度取0.1~0.2 N/mm3.

某MPV怠速变速器异响问题分析与改进

针对某MPV车型怠速开空调工况变速器异响问题,通过对故障车进行相关数据采集,对比分析,确认异响主因,并根据异响形成机理制定相应改进方案,最终通过调整离合器减振弹簧刚度成功解决了异响问题,为解决同类型的问题提供参考。

Mathematical Modelling of Work of Modern Friction-Polymer Shock Absorbers and Determining the Dynamical Force during the Impact

Shock absorbers are main elements into construction of train wagons that secure protection from longitudinal forces which appear during transitional regimes of movement. Besides, development of new constructive solutions for shock absorbers is quite popular development of their working mathematical models. This paper presents modem shock absorber with elastic block made from polymer elements that increase quantity of absorbed energy. This is achieved by increasing the stiffness characteristic of polymer elastic block. The construction is relatively simple and technology used to create the construction is with more or less low price. If there is not enough elastic stiffness of the polymer block, there is a possibility for not meeting the UIC （International Union of Railways） norms for absorbed energy. Therefore, according to the mentioned characteristic, shock absorbers are divided into three groups. The mathematical model presented in this paper allows calculating the necessary elastic characteristic of the polymer block for a short time. Differential equation of movement of the shock absorber elements is presented in this paper. Force change of polymer block for various impact velocities participates in the differential equation of movement where initial velocity V0 and the current meaning of the velocity x are taken into consideration. The presented equation is solved by using program language MATLAB/Simulink by developing a simulation model.

Experimental study on barrel viscous dampers and pipe hoops in pipeline vibration reduction

The centrifugal air compressor outlet pipeline vibration was not decreased after barrel viscous dampers were installed in a petrochemical plant in Tianjin.A pipeline-damper experiment apparatus was built for studying the influence factors of the barrel viscous damper and pipe hoop in pipeline vibration reduction.The performance of the damper under different frequency and amplitude was researched respectively,the results showed that damping effect dependsed mainly on frequency and was not related to amplitude.Damper will fail when its vibration frequency exceeds its limit working frequency which was 40 Hz in test.The mechanical properties and energy dissipation were analyzed by using the Maxwell model,which explains experimental results well.According to damping effect and calculation of stiffness with ANSYS in different hoop width,hoop stiffness should match pipe stiffness and keep uniform along transfer path.Damping effect will get worse when local stiffness is too small or too large.Finally,the outlet pipeline vibration was decreased by 70%after using appropriate pipe hoop width and replacing the original damping liquid.