德国二氧化碳排放削减战略

1.研究德国二氧化碳排放削减对策的背景德国联邦政府对二氧化碳排放削减对策的探讨,始于1990年1月15日联邦首相府长官指示联邦环境、自然保护、原子反应堆安全大臣(以下简称联邦环境大臣)

New Adaptive Cruise Control Method

A new adaptive cruise control (ACC) method based on the desired safety headway distance is investigated for improving the vehicle traffic safety at high speed by regulating the additional throttle opening and braking torque of driving wheels only. The selection of headway distance sensors, the determination of desired safety headway distance and desired deceleration are elaborated. The ACC flowchart and simulation, as well as signal misinformation and its resolutions are described. The simulation proves that the new ACC method is simpler and feasible. The new method is easily integrated ACC with ABS/ASR to form an organic ABS/ASR/ACC system.

Goals and Key Technology of Fertilizer-pesticide "Double Reduction" and Synergism for Greenhouse Strawberry

In order to develop green good, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, realize ＂double reduction＂ and synergism, improve safety and quality of products, protect the ecological environment and promote the healthy and steady development of strawberry industry, the goals and key technology of fertilizer-pesticide ＂double reduction＂ and synergism for greenhouse strawberry are summed up in this paper targeting at the current situation of strawberry production and combined with the new technology achievements at home and abroad. The key technology includes six items： healthy seedling cultivating technique, soil improvement and continuous cropping obstacle treatment technique, agricultural ecological prevention tech- nique, physicochemical trap of pest control technique, biological control technique and low residual risk chemical control technique.

已经幸福的人早就闭嘴了

放不下心中执念,你就不要假装人生正在重启。失恋我有一个朋友,失恋之后就陷入了一个死循环——这从她每天发的朋友圈内容里可见一斑。只要她前男友那边弄出点儿什么动静,她这边的朋友圈立即就会更新一些哀怨感伤的字句,中心思想概括一下总是＂寂寞寂寞就好,谁都别来安慰打扰……＂我见犹怜的悲叹发完大约两天左右。

机关经费哪儿去了?

人头费:只见增,不见减目前有一些机关,行政编制满了,便弄事业编制,事业编制满了,便招临时人员,逐渐形成了“一个人的活两个人干,一个人的饭两个人吃”的局面。一方面工资发放都困难,一方面又源源不断进入添口。在和 R 局办公室主任交谈时,我说:“减几个人不行吗?”他说:“减谁?就是一个临时工,也有来头;

Optimization and experimental research on a new-type short cylindrical cup-shaped harmonic reducer

In order to obtain a new-type short cylindrical cup-shaped flexspline that can be applied to space mechanisms,the APDL language of ANSYS software was employed to develop a parameterized equivalent contact model between a flexspline and a wave generator. The validity of the parameterized equivalent contact model was verified by comparing the results of the analytic value of the contact model and the value calculated by the theoretical formula. The curvilinear trend of stress was obtained by changing the structural parameter of the flexspline. Based on the curvilinear trend of stress,multi-objective optimizations of key structural parameters were achieved. Flexspline,wave generator,and circular spline of a new 32-type short cylindrical cup-shaped harmonic reducer were designed and manufactured. A performance test bench to carry out tests on the harmonic reducer was designed. Contrast experiments were implemented to determine the efficiency of the new 32-type short cylindrical cup-shaped harmonic reducer and the conventional 32-type harmonic reducer under different conditions. The experimental results reveal that there is approximately equality in terms of efficiency between the new 32-type short cylindrical cup-shaped harmonic reducer and the conventional 32-type harmonic reducer. The volume of the flexspline of the new 32-type short cylindrical cup-shaped harmonic reducer is reduced by approximately 30% through multi-objective optimization. When the new 32-type short cylindrical cup-shaped harmonic reducer is used on the wheel of a rover prototype,the mass of the wheel hub is decreased by 0.42 kg. Test analysis of wheel motion verifies that the new 32-type short cylindrical cup-shaped harmonic reducer can meet the requirements regarding bearing capacity and efficiency.

Pneumatic resistance network analysis and dimension optimization of high pressure electronic pneumatic pressure reducing valve

The structure and working principle of a self-deigned high pressure electronic pneumatic pressure reducing valve (EPPRV) with slide pilot are introduced.The resistance value formulas and the relationship between the resistance and pressure of three typical pneumatic resistances are obtained.Then,the method of static characteristics analysis only considering pneumatic resistances is proposed,the resistance network from gas supply to load is built up,and the mathematical model is derived from the flow rate formulas and flow conservation equations,with the compressibility of high pressure gas and temperature drop during the expansion considered in the model.Finally,the pilot spool displacement of 1.5 mm at an output pressure of 15MPa and the enlarging operating stroke of the pilot spool are taken as optimization targets,and the optimization is carried out based on genetic algorithm and the model mentioned above.The results show that the static characteristics of the EPPRV are significantly improved.The idea of static characteristics analysis and optimization based on pneumatic resistance network is valuable for the design of pneumatic components or system.

Energy Optimization of the Fin/Rudder Roll Stabilization System Based on the Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm （MOGA）

Energy optimization is one of the key problems for ship roll reduction systems in the last decade. According to the nonlinear characteristics of ship motion, the four degrees of freedom nonlinear model of Fin/Rudder roll stabilization can be established. This paper analyzes energy consumption caused by overcoming the resistance and the yaw, which is added to the fin/rudder roll stabilization system as new performance index. In order to achieve the purpose of the roll reduction, ship course keeping and energy optimization, the self-tuning PID controller based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm （MOGA） method is used to optimize performance index. In addition, random weight coefficient is adopted to build a multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization model. The objective function is improved so that the objective function can be normalized to a constant level. Simulation results showed that the control method based on MOGA, compared with the traditional control method, not only improves the efficiency of roll stabilization and yaw control precision, but also optimizes the energy of the system. The proposed methodology can get a better performance at different sea states.

Can China Realize CO_2 Mitigation Target toward 2020?

本文基于动态CGE模型构建了一个能源-经济-环境模型,对2020年的CO2减排的潜力和政策选择进行了模拟。结果显示,碳税和投资调整是减缓CO2排放增长的有效政策手段,但它们对GDP会产生负面影响。加快技术进步可以同时促进减排和经济增长。在高技术进步+中碳税,以及低技术进步+中碳税+中投资调整的情景下,中国2020年的CO2排放量将达到92.7-95.5亿t,CO2排放强度将为1.38-1.43t 万元-1。根据中国政府提出的2020年的减排目标,中国CO2排放强度需要由2005年的2.41t 万元-1降到2020年的1.45t 万元-1(2007年不变价表示)。但要实现这40%的减排目标并非易事,因为在正常的技术进步条件下再提高能源效率需要更多的投资来进行设备更新和技术改造。另外,未来的能源供给约束对CO2减排也会产生深刻的影响。未来中国应该大力发展低碳技术,国际社会应该支持中国发展低碳技术。

STUDY ON THE KARYOTYPES OF THREE SPECIES OF GENUS CARBULA(HETEROPTERA:PENTATOMIDAE)

The karyotypes and meiotic behaviors of three Carbula species( Carbula obtusangula Reuter, C.putoni (Jakovlev)and C. sinica Hsiao et Cheng)were studied.Karyotype analyses using specific software were made and model karyotype chart was presented.All three species have the typical diploid chromosome number of 14 for the family Pentatomidae and X Y sex chromosomal mechanism,but the behavior of autosomes and sex chromosomes during meiosis among three species are different,and one or two supernumerary chromosomes were detected in C.putoni. These characteristics may provide some useful clues on the study of pentatomid taxonomy and phylogeny.