白酒产业转型升级路径分析研究——以泸州为例

白酒产业是泸州市特色优势产业,为泸州经济社会发展做出了重要贡献。进入“十四五”时期,泸州市白酒产业面临白酒产业政策调整、新冠肺炎疫情、中美贸易争端以及中国加快构建“双循环”新发展格局等机遇和挑战。为探究新形势下泸州市白酒制造业转型升级路径,本研究通过梳理文献、深入调研、座谈等方法,从行业发展的角度入手,系统梳理相关文献,对泸州白酒产业现状、面临形势进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了创新发展、绿色发展、融合发展三个方面的建议。

“凡是”与“所有”之比较

“凡是”与“所有”语义上通常认为没有任何区别,其实二者并不相同。从句法位置上看,“凡是”只能出现在句首,“所有”则能出现在句子的多个位置;从语义上看,“凡是”并没有“所有”的意义,而是句式赋予的;从词性上来看,“凡是”是连词,“所有”则是形容词。“所有”侧重于断定一种现实情况,而“凡是”侧重在断定一种条件联系,更接近于“只要是”的意思,甚至包含有一种轻微的假设意味。

SSR Analysis of Three Species from Primary Parent and Their First Generation of Litopenaeus vannamei

Genetic variations of three species from primary parent （OI Q,SIS Q,Kona Bay Q） and their first filial generation （OI Z,SIS Z,Kona Bay Z） of Litopenaeus vannamei were detected using microsatellite marker technique.The amplified products of genomic DNA with 8 microsatellite makers indicated that 8 loci presents polymorphism,the number of total alleles were 28 in 6 species;the number of allele of every loci was 2 to 6;mean allele number （Na） was 3.5;expected heterozygosity value （He） were higher than observed heterozygosity value （Ho）;mean polymorphism information content （PIC） ranged from 0.479 4 to 0.769 9,which showed these 8 loci posses relatively high information content.Through analysis of genetic structure in primary parent and their first filial,allele and effective allele number,observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity values and mean polymorphism information content （PIC） in filial generation were little lower than their primary parents.However,genetic diversity of filial generation is not influenced,and still maintains a good heritability.

On Some Fundamental Theorems in Stability Theory

This paper gives several fundamental theorems for the stability, uniform stability, asymptotic stability and uniform asymptotic stability. Those theorems allow the derivative of Lyapunov functions to be positive on certain sets,relax the restriction about the rate of change of state variable in a system to be bounded in Marachkov's theorem and extend the related results in [4—7].

Effects of salinity fluctuation and dietary protein/ carbohydrate ratio on the survival and growth of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

A factorial study was conducted to determine the effects of salinity （constant （SO） and fluctuating （S10）） and isoenergetic diet of different protein/carbohydrate ratios （P/C： 4.1, 1.9, 1.0 and 0.6） on the survival and growth of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment lasted for 35 days. The results showed that I） At S0 and S10, specific growth rate and apparent digestibility coefficient exhibited decreasing trend, while food conversion ratio exhibited increasing trend, with decreasing P/C ratio. At SO, food consumption and specific growth rate of the shrimp fed 4.1 P/C were significantly higher than those fed 1.0 and 0.6 P/C, whereas at S10, no significant differences were detected among different treatments; II） At 4.1 and 1.9 P/C, food consumption and specific growth rate were higher in the shrimp maintained at SO as compared with those at S10, while at 1.0 and 0.6 P/C, an inverse trend was observed. Among four P/C ratios, food conversion ratio of the shrimp at SO was the lowest.

“副+名”讨论补议

文章对三种“副+名”用例中的相关词——“凡”、“只”、“位置词”进行了分析,指出:该三种词在词类划分或归类上存留一些问题,因此作为“副+名”例证,用以证明副词可以修饰名词,是缺乏说服力的。另外,“很+名”的组合视为副词修饰名词也不妥,应看作词类活用现象。

“毛道”杂考

"毛道"一词,中古佛典屡见,主要有两个意义:一是毛的顶端,与毛端同义;二是指儿童,在佛教文献里多与"凡夫"连文,很少独用。两个意义均可写作"毛头",原因是译经者方言里"道、头"同音所致。"儿童"义的"毛道",其语源来自于"髦"或"髦头",又写作"毛头"。

“凡是”的语义功能分析

本文通过“凡是”和“所有”的对比,初步探讨了“凡是”的语义功能和语义特征。“凡是”是连词,其语义功能是表示总括性、归类性和条件性的意义;“凡是”所限定的NP通常不是某类事物的全部集合,而是包含一个隐性参照系,指具有某种特点的一个子集合;“凡是”不是任指,也不是逐指,而是对满足NP语义值成分的统指。

The Asymptotic Stability for a Class of Nonlinear Large Sceale System

This paper an cited instances in illustration of the incorrectness of the criteria of asymptotic stability of a class of nonlinear large seale system that L_j·T·Grujie gave in paper [1] by the comparison theory and then corrected it,and has given the sufficient conditions of the asymptotic stability.

《广雅疏证》以“凡”语所揭示的“某声皆某义”的同源词的书写字形浅析

《广雅疏证》以＂凡＂语所揭示的＂某声皆某义＂的同源词,其基本表达格式是＂凡言A者,皆B之义也＂,这充分表现了同源词的本质特点是＂音同义近＂或＂音近义同＂。记录这些同源词的汉字即同源字的书写字形,分为两种情况：1.一组同源字只用一种表声部件,即＂凡＂语中的标音字或标音字所用的声旁;2.一组同源字用两种或两种以上表声部件,＂凡＂语中的标音字或标音字所用的声旁只表示其中的一种表声部件。这种情况反映了同源字在表现形式上的多样性和复杂性。

《凡诲书》与嘉鱼方音

刘心源《凡诲书》音注反映了百年前嘉鱼方言语音特征。如:全浊声母不论平仄都送气;精庄组混,精庄与章组分立,知二与精庄组混,知三与章组混;知章组与见组遇摄合口三等字相混;臻深曾梗四摄舒声字混等。百年来嘉鱼方音的演变深受普通话影响。

《宝坻政书》所见明后期华北的地方行政

《宝坻政书》是根据袁了凡在担任宝坻县知县期间的公文编纂的一部公牍文献集。通过该书可以了解明代后期华北的地方行政和社会治理。明代后期华北的地方行政面对着赋税、徭役、马政、边政等众多问题,明朝的国家统治能力受到很大挑战。这种挑战既来自外部的北虏南倭,也来自明朝的体制自身。例如,皇庄的存在和宦官的跋扈削弱了县级政权的社会管控能力,军制等方面的不合理空费国家税饷,法律素养低下的官僚判案失误导致国家威信受损等等。袁了凡在制度规定的范围内付出了很大努力,设法处理国家政权与民众之间的关系,照顾到国家、地方政权和民众的利益关系。他在相对有效地履行知县职责的同时,也努力减轻了民众的负担,为维持已趋于崩解的明朝国家做出了一定贡献。

Effect of Salinity on the Biosynthesis of Amines in Litopenaeus vannamei and the Expression of Gill Related Ion Transporter Genes

This study examined the effect of salinity on the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase(NKA) α-subunit and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase(V-ATPase) β-subunit gene in the gill of Litopenaeus vannamei. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) assay showed that the expression of NKA α-subunit and V-ATPase β-subunit gene was significantly influenced by salinity. It was found that the NKA activity significantly varied with salinity in time and dose dependent manner; whereas the V-ATPase activity did not. The abundance of NKA α-subunit gene transcript increased rapidly when the salinity decreased from 26 b to 21, and slowly when the salinity decreased from 26 to 31 within the first 24 h. When the salinity decreased from 26 to 21, the transcription of NKA α-subunit gene in gill epithelium was higher at 12 h than that at 0 h, which was consistent with the result of immunoblotting assay of NKA α-subunit. In addition, salinity had a significant time- and dose-dependent effect on the concentration of biogenic amines in both hemolymph and gill. As compared to other parameters, the concentration of dopamine(DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) varied in different patterns when the salinity decreased from 26 to 21 or increased from 26 to 31, suggesting that DA and 5-HT played different regulatory roles in osmotic adaption and modulation of shrimp when salinity varies.

Molecular cloning and characterization of a threonine/serine protein kinase lvakt from Litopenaeus vannamei

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-AKT pathway is involved in various cellular functions, including anti-apoptosis, protein synthesis, glucose metabolism and cell cycling. However, the role of the PI3K-AKT pathway in crustaceans remains unclear. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the AKT gene lvakt from Litopenaeus vannamei. The 511-residue LVAKT was highly conserved; contained a PH domain, a catalytic domain and a hydrophobic domain; and was highly expressed in the heart and gills of L. vannamei. We found, using Real-Time Quantitative PCR(Q-PCR) analysis, that lvakt was upregulated during early white spot syndrome virus(WSSV) infection. Moreover, the PI3K-specific inhibitor, LY294002, reduced viral gene transcription, implying that the PI3K-AKT pathway might be hijacked by WSSV. Our results therefore suggest that LVAKT may play an important role in the shrimp immune response against WSSV.

Effect of copper on the growth of shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei : water parameters and copper budget in a recirculating system

Shrimps( Litopenaeus vannamei) were intensively cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system for 98 days to investigate effects of 0.3 mg/L Cu on its performance, Cu budget, and Cu distribution. Shrimps in Cu-treated systems had greater mean final weight(11.10 vs 10.50 g), body length(107.23 vs 106.42 mm), survival rate(67.80% vs 66.40%), and yield(6.42 vs 5.99 kg/m 3), and lower feed conversion ratio(1.20 vs 1.29) than those in control systems but the differences were not significant. Vibrio numbers remained stable(10 4 –10 6 colony forming units/mL) in the rearing tanks of both control and treated systems. Total ammonium-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, pH, chemical oxygen demand, 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids were similar in controls and treatments. Dissolved Cu concentration in the treated systems decreased from 0.284 to 0.089 mg/L while in the control systems it increased from 0.006 2 to 0.018 mg/L. The main sources of Cu in the treated systems were the artificially added component(75.7% of total input), shrimp feed(21.0%), water(2.06%), and shrimp biomass(1.22%). The major outputs of Cu occurred via the mechanical filter(41.7%), water renewal(15.6%), and draining of the sediment trap(15.1%). The foam fractionator removed only 0.69% of total Cu input. Harvested shrimp biomass accounted for 11.68% of Cu input. The Cu concentration of shrimps in the Cu-treated systems(30.70 mg/kg wet weight) was significantly higher than that in control systems(22.02 mg/kg). Both were below the maximum permissible concentration(50 mg/kg) for Cu in seafood for human consumption in China. Therefore, recirculating systems can be used for commercial on-growing of Litopenaeus vannamei without loss of shrimp quality, even in water polluted by 0.30 mg/L Cu. The mechanical filter is the main route for Cu removal.

Extensions of strongly π-regular general rings

The concept of the strongly π-regular general ring （with or without unity） is introduced and some extensions of strongly π-regular general rings are considered. Two equivalent characterizations on strongly π- regular general rings are provided. It is shown that I is strongly π-regular if and only if, for each x ∈I, x^n =x^n＋1y = zx^n＋1 for n ≥ 1 and y, z ∈ I if and only if every element of I is strongly π-regular. It is also proved that every upper triangular matrix general ring over a strongly π-regular general ring is strongly π-regular and the trivial extension of the strongly π-regular general ring is strongly clean.

The Effects of Rapid Temperature Changes on HK,PK and HSP70 of Litopenaeus vannamei in Different Seasons

Activities of hexokinase(HK),pyruvate kinase(PK) and levels of HSP70 were measured to evaluate the response of Litopenaeus vannamei to rapid temperature changes under controlled laboratory conditions.Shrimps were subjected to a quick temperature change from 27℃ to 17℃ for the summer case(Cold temperature treatment),or from 17℃ to 27℃ for the winter case(Warm temperature treatment).After 0.5,1,3,6,12,24,48,and 72 h of exposure time,shrimps were sampled and prepared for further analysis.The results showed that the effect of acute temperature changes on activities of HK was significant.Patterns of variations of the two glycolytic enzymes suggested that enzymes in the glycolysis cycle could adjust their activities to meet the acute temperature change.The HSP70 level increased in both cold and warm temperature treatments,suggesting that the rapid temperature changes activated the process of body's self-protection.But the difference in expression peak of HSP70 might be related to the different body size and the higher thermal sensitivity to temperature increase than to temperature decrease of L.vannamei.

A Comparative Study on the Nonspecific Immunity of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei ever Inhabiting Freshwater and Seawater

A study on the nonspecific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei ever inhabiting freshwater and seawater was carried out at different molt stages by comparing their total hemocyte count(THC) and respiratory burst(RB) and activity of phenol oxidase(PO), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and lysozyme(LY). Two-way ANOVA showed that salinity and molt stage independently affected THC and RB and the activity of PO, NOS and LY of juvenile L. vannamei significantly(P < 0.05). The THC and RB and the activity of NOS gradually increased from the post-molt stages(A and B) to the pre-molt stages(D0–D3), which were common in shrimps inhabiting freshwater and seawater. The activity of PO peaked at the inter-molt stage(C), and touched the lowest at the post-molt stage in freshwater and pre-molt stage in seawater. The activity of LY was stable over the molt cycle. The RB and the activity of PO, NOS and LY of juvenile L. vannamei were significantly lower in freshwater than in seawater; whereas THC was significantly higher in freshwater than in seawater(P < 0.05). It was concluded that the post-molt stage(especially stage A) was critical to shrimp culture, which should be intensively attended when L. vannamei was cultured in freshwater.

Effect of Replacing Fish Meal with Extruded Soybean Meal on Growth, Feed Utilization and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Juvenile White Shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)

Extruded soybean meal （ESBM） was evaluated as a protein source for partial replacement of fish meal （FM） in diets of juvenile Litopenaeus vannarnei. In the control diet （Diet 1）, FM protein was replaced with increasing dietary levels of ESBM （4.28%, 8.40%, 12.62%, 16.82%, and 25.26%） at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 60% levels （Diets 2 to 6, respectively）. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted on 720 juvenile shrimp （0.67 g ± 0.01 g mean initial Weight）, and nutrient digestibility of the six diets was determined. ESBM could replace 20% of FM without causing a significant reduction in growth of shrimp, but other dietary treatments strongly affected whole body composition. Crude protein content of the whole body fed Diet 6 was significantly lower than that fed Diet 2 （P〈0.05）, while crude lipid content of the whole body fed Diet 5 or 6 was significantly higher than that fed Diet 2 （P〈0,05）. Protein digestibilities of Diets 5 and 6 were significantly lower than that of Diet 1 （P〈0.05）. Digestibility of lipids ranged from 96.97% in Diet 6 to 98.34% in Diet 3, whereas dry matter digestibility decreased with increasing replacement level. This study indicates that 20% FM replacement with ESBM in the basic diet containing 40% protein and 30% FM is optimal for juvenile L. vannamei.

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Seven Stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei Using Microsatellite Markers

Seven microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and differentiation of seven stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei, which were introduced from Central and South America to China. All seven microsatellite loci were polymorphic, with polymorphism information content(PIC) values ranging from 0.593 to 0.952. Totally 92 alleles were identified, and the number of alleles(Na) and effective alleles(Ne) varied between 4 and 21 and 2.7 and 14.6, respectively. Observed heterozygosity(Ho) values were lower than the expected heterozygosity(He) values(0.526–0.754), which indicated that the seven stocks possessed a rich genetic diversity. Thirty-seven tests were detected for reasonable significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Fis values were positive at five loci, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding within stocks. Pairwise Fst values ranged from 0.0225 to 0.151, and most of the stock pairs were moderately differentiated. Genetic distance and cluster analysis using UPGMA revealed a close genetic relationship of L. vannamei between Pop2 and Pop3. AMOVA indicated that the genetic variation among stocks(11.3%) was much lower than that within stocks(88.7%). Although the seven stocks had a certain degree of genetic differentiation and a rich genetic diversity, there is an increasing risk of decreased performance due to inbreeding in subsequent generations.