Neochetina eichhorniae and Neochetina bruchi have been used for over four decades as Eichhorniae crassipes classical biological control agents globally. Despite the success of bio-control against the water hyacinth gl...Neochetina eichhorniae and Neochetina bruchi have been used for over four decades as Eichhorniae crassipes classical biological control agents globally. Despite the success of bio-control against the water hyacinth globally at different levels and environmental sustainability, biological control against water hyacinth seems to have overlooked the socio-economic sustainability in assisting the ravaged communities, gain resilience and adapt to the challenges of the invasive alien species. This manuscript evaluates the potential to draw out more from biological control of the water hyacinth by evaluating the potential to utilize Neochetina eichhorniae and Neochetina bruchi as feed. The live insects of the two species were collected from the water hyacinth marts in the nearby L. Victoria in Siaya county, Kenya. Where they were then transferred for semi-cultivation in localized ponds for reproduction and closer monitoring. The ponds having been set up in completely randomized design while in the open within the same climatic region mimicked the water quality and most abiotic conditions of the lake necessary for the insects’ and host plant acclimatization and reproduction. The samples for proximate analysis were collected from these ponds as per the research and experimental design. The chemical compositions of the Neochetina bruchi, N. eichhorniae and their larvae composite, satisfactorily compared to basic fish feed requirements, specifically as a protein source having crude protein (CP) percentage per DM of 55.0350 ± 0.025, 54.4350 ± 0.035 and 62.2750 ± 0.025 respectively.展开更多
This study considers the effect of Eichhornia Crassipes Biodiesel(ECB)blends on the performances,combustion,and emission characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition engine operated in a dual-fuel mode(D...This study considers the effect of Eichhornia Crassipes Biodiesel(ECB)blends on the performances,combustion,and emission characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition engine operated in a dual-fuel mode(DFM)and equipped with an Exhaust gas recirculation technique(EGR).In particular,a single-cylinder,four-stroke,water-cooled diesel engine was utilized and four modes of fuel operation were considered:mode I,the engine operated with an ordinary diesel fuel;mode II,the engine operated with the addition of 2.4 L/min of lique-fied petroleum gas(LPG)and 20%EGR;mode III,20%ECB with 2.4 L/min LPG and 20%EGR;mode IV,40%ECB with 2.4 L/min LPG and 20%EGR.The operation conditions were constant engine speed(1500 rpm),var-iation of load(25%,50%,75%,and 100%),full load,with a compression ratio of 18,and a time injection of 23°BTDC(Before top died center).With regard to engine emissions,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),carbon monoxide(CO),hydrocarbons(UHC),and nitrogen oxide(NOX)were measured using a gas analyzer.The smoke opacity was measured using an OPABOX smoke meter.By comparing the results related to the different modes with mode I at full load,the BTE(Brake thermal efficiency)increased by 20.17%,11.45%,and 12.66%with modes II,III,and IV,respectively.In comparison to the results for mode II,the BTE decreased due to the combustion of ECB blends by 7.26%and 6.24%for mode III and mode IV,respectively,at full load.In comparison to mode II,the Brake specific energy consumption(BSEC)increased with the ECB substitution.With ECB blends,there is a noticeable decrease in the CO,CO_(2),and UHC emissions at a partial load.Furthermore,the 20%ECB has no effect on CO emissions at full load.For modes II and IV,the CO_(2)increased by 33.33%and 19%,respectively,while the UHC emissions were reduced by 14.49%for mode III and 26.08%for mode IV.The smoke of mode III was lower by 7.21%,but for mode IV,it was higher by 12.37%.In addition,with mode III and mode IV,the NOx emissions increased by 30.50%and 18.80%,respectively.展开更多
文摘Neochetina eichhorniae and Neochetina bruchi have been used for over four decades as Eichhorniae crassipes classical biological control agents globally. Despite the success of bio-control against the water hyacinth globally at different levels and environmental sustainability, biological control against water hyacinth seems to have overlooked the socio-economic sustainability in assisting the ravaged communities, gain resilience and adapt to the challenges of the invasive alien species. This manuscript evaluates the potential to draw out more from biological control of the water hyacinth by evaluating the potential to utilize Neochetina eichhorniae and Neochetina bruchi as feed. The live insects of the two species were collected from the water hyacinth marts in the nearby L. Victoria in Siaya county, Kenya. Where they were then transferred for semi-cultivation in localized ponds for reproduction and closer monitoring. The ponds having been set up in completely randomized design while in the open within the same climatic region mimicked the water quality and most abiotic conditions of the lake necessary for the insects’ and host plant acclimatization and reproduction. The samples for proximate analysis were collected from these ponds as per the research and experimental design. The chemical compositions of the Neochetina bruchi, N. eichhorniae and their larvae composite, satisfactorily compared to basic fish feed requirements, specifically as a protein source having crude protein (CP) percentage per DM of 55.0350 ± 0.025, 54.4350 ± 0.035 and 62.2750 ± 0.025 respectively.
文摘This study considers the effect of Eichhornia Crassipes Biodiesel(ECB)blends on the performances,combustion,and emission characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition engine operated in a dual-fuel mode(DFM)and equipped with an Exhaust gas recirculation technique(EGR).In particular,a single-cylinder,four-stroke,water-cooled diesel engine was utilized and four modes of fuel operation were considered:mode I,the engine operated with an ordinary diesel fuel;mode II,the engine operated with the addition of 2.4 L/min of lique-fied petroleum gas(LPG)and 20%EGR;mode III,20%ECB with 2.4 L/min LPG and 20%EGR;mode IV,40%ECB with 2.4 L/min LPG and 20%EGR.The operation conditions were constant engine speed(1500 rpm),var-iation of load(25%,50%,75%,and 100%),full load,with a compression ratio of 18,and a time injection of 23°BTDC(Before top died center).With regard to engine emissions,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),carbon monoxide(CO),hydrocarbons(UHC),and nitrogen oxide(NOX)were measured using a gas analyzer.The smoke opacity was measured using an OPABOX smoke meter.By comparing the results related to the different modes with mode I at full load,the BTE(Brake thermal efficiency)increased by 20.17%,11.45%,and 12.66%with modes II,III,and IV,respectively.In comparison to the results for mode II,the BTE decreased due to the combustion of ECB blends by 7.26%and 6.24%for mode III and mode IV,respectively,at full load.In comparison to mode II,the Brake specific energy consumption(BSEC)increased with the ECB substitution.With ECB blends,there is a noticeable decrease in the CO,CO_(2),and UHC emissions at a partial load.Furthermore,the 20%ECB has no effect on CO emissions at full load.For modes II and IV,the CO_(2)increased by 33.33%and 19%,respectively,while the UHC emissions were reduced by 14.49%for mode III and 26.08%for mode IV.The smoke of mode III was lower by 7.21%,but for mode IV,it was higher by 12.37%.In addition,with mode III and mode IV,the NOx emissions increased by 30.50%and 18.80%,respectively.
