In this paper,using the input-output model,the author first calculated the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China in 2002 and 2007.Then,the author empirically analyzed problems existing in the composition of expo...In this paper,using the input-output model,the author first calculated the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China in 2002 and 2007.Then,the author empirically analyzed problems existing in the composition of exported products and analyzed its possible reasons.The research results of this paper are as follows:Since China's entry into WTO,the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China have been increasing rapidly;the value of exported products of high-carbon emissions industries accounts for a relatively higher proportion to China's total exports value because China's carbon intensive products have a certain competitive advantage.Additionally,this paper has put forward relevant suggestions based on these results.展开更多
Based on the quality inspection data of the import and the export cargos, the general quality evaluation index and quality index are built according to the percent of defective. Macro quality of the import and the exp...Based on the quality inspection data of the import and the export cargos, the general quality evaluation index and quality index are built according to the percent of defective. Macro quality of the import and the export cargoes are discussed in theory.展开更多
Biofuels could contribute, on a worldwide basis, to the attainment of international energy-policy objectives in three ways： by reducing dependence on imported oil; by increasing the availability of renewable energy s...Biofuels could contribute, on a worldwide basis, to the attainment of international energy-policy objectives in three ways： by reducing dependence on imported oil; by increasing the availability of renewable energy sources; and by dealing with environmental issues. One such environmental issue is the unsustainable use of agricultural land. There is a need in South Africa there to convert to sustainable and renewable energy resources, such as biofuels, but the production of biofuels will ultimately place pressure on the limited and fragile agricultural resources of the country. This paper sets out firstly to investigate national agricultural policies which could impact on the production of biofuels. It points out that national agricultural policies are hampering the domestic production of biofuels in that the focus is on land reform and increasing the volume of agricultural exports, whereas the provision of food and energy to meet domestic needs features only as a secondary aim. The second objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of utilising energy crops for biofuel production in South Africa. Annual agricultural production, surplus import and export figures, provide an indication of the capacity of South African farmers to produce crops for biofuel production.展开更多
Vegetable production plays a very important role not only as a source of foreign exchange for Senegal and an appreciation of the dietary needs of populations,but also in the context of the policy of diversification.Th...Vegetable production plays a very important role not only as a source of foreign exchange for Senegal and an appreciation of the dietary needs of populations,but also in the context of the policy of diversification.Thus the aim of this analysis is to measure the important economic impact and vegetable industrial actors,find the limited factors of the horticulture development and the perspectives for improving the vegetable production in the area.Our results show that the National production of fruits and vegetables is estimated approximately at 370,000 tons and the Niayes zone constitutes 80%of the domestic production.Horticulture is a sector which creates employments in that area with important incomes earned by both producers and the various intermediaries(commercial process) .The volume of exports has reached 14,321.588 tons in(2002-2003) against 11,125.132 tons in(2001-2002) witnessing than an increase of 28.7%,but the one of imports is very important and represents an outflow of foreign currency estimated at about 3 billion per year.展开更多
In the 1990s, Argentine exports of fishery products increased significantly for different reasons. Competitiveness is the most important internal factor to determine a country＇s export performance. This factor is ref...In the 1990s, Argentine exports of fishery products increased significantly for different reasons. Competitiveness is the most important internal factor to determine a country＇s export performance. This factor is referenced constantly and it is considered as a necessary condition when it comes to staying in foreign markets, gaining new ones, and increasing the share of exports. This paper is a preliminary study that aims to develop a software tool which is able to characterize the competitiveness of Argentina in the international market for fishery products. We propose to use predicates generated from the knowledge of experts in the study area and evaluate them through Compensatory Fuzzy Logic. The predicates were related to obtain a value that quantifies the competitiveness of Argentina in the various markets in which it provides. The analysis of results verifies the consistency of the computer tool developed. This methodology applied to the fishing industry is an innovative approach to Argentina, not only for the sector in question but also for other industrial sectors that make up the country＇s productive system展开更多
This paper has developed a measurement approach that integrates price with the product technical content initiated by Lall et al.(2006),i.e.,dividing HS6-quantile products into high-end,middle-end and low-end levels t...This paper has developed a measurement approach that integrates price with the product technical content initiated by Lall et al.(2006),i.e.,dividing HS6-quantile products into high-end,middle-end and low-end levels through the quantile ranking of prices of the same product from different countries or regions in a target market.Our estimation has discovered that due to the lack of product price differentiation,traditional method for the measurement of product technical content overestimated technical content of the low-end segment in the same category of products while underestimated technical content of the high-end segment in the same category of products.Re-calculation based on Rodric's result indicates that specialness of Chinese exports is mainly reflected by high-end and middle-end products.In addition,the competition result of the sophistication of Chinese exports indicates that since the middle of the 1990 s,the sophistication of Chinese exports has remained relatively low compared with the average level of the world and developing countries;from an economic perspective,improvement in the sophistication of Chinese exports primarily derived from middle-end and low-end products;from a category-specific perspective,improvement in the sophistication of Chinese exports primarily derived from low-technology export products.展开更多
基金funded by 2011 the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Program of Education Ministry of P.R.China (Grant No.11YJA790229)
文摘In this paper,using the input-output model,the author first calculated the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China in 2002 and 2007.Then,the author empirically analyzed problems existing in the composition of exported products and analyzed its possible reasons.The research results of this paper are as follows:Since China's entry into WTO,the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China have been increasing rapidly;the value of exported products of high-carbon emissions industries accounts for a relatively higher proportion to China's total exports value because China's carbon intensive products have a certain competitive advantage.Additionally,this paper has put forward relevant suggestions based on these results.
文摘Based on the quality inspection data of the import and the export cargos, the general quality evaluation index and quality index are built according to the percent of defective. Macro quality of the import and the export cargoes are discussed in theory.
文摘Biofuels could contribute, on a worldwide basis, to the attainment of international energy-policy objectives in three ways： by reducing dependence on imported oil; by increasing the availability of renewable energy sources; and by dealing with environmental issues. One such environmental issue is the unsustainable use of agricultural land. There is a need in South Africa there to convert to sustainable and renewable energy resources, such as biofuels, but the production of biofuels will ultimately place pressure on the limited and fragile agricultural resources of the country. This paper sets out firstly to investigate national agricultural policies which could impact on the production of biofuels. It points out that national agricultural policies are hampering the domestic production of biofuels in that the focus is on land reform and increasing the volume of agricultural exports, whereas the provision of food and energy to meet domestic needs features only as a secondary aim. The second objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of utilising energy crops for biofuel production in South Africa. Annual agricultural production, surplus import and export figures, provide an indication of the capacity of South African farmers to produce crops for biofuel production.
文摘Vegetable production plays a very important role not only as a source of foreign exchange for Senegal and an appreciation of the dietary needs of populations,but also in the context of the policy of diversification.Thus the aim of this analysis is to measure the important economic impact and vegetable industrial actors,find the limited factors of the horticulture development and the perspectives for improving the vegetable production in the area.Our results show that the National production of fruits and vegetables is estimated approximately at 370,000 tons and the Niayes zone constitutes 80%of the domestic production.Horticulture is a sector which creates employments in that area with important incomes earned by both producers and the various intermediaries(commercial process) .The volume of exports has reached 14,321.588 tons in(2002-2003) against 11,125.132 tons in(2001-2002) witnessing than an increase of 28.7%,but the one of imports is very important and represents an outflow of foreign currency estimated at about 3 billion per year.
文摘In the 1990s, Argentine exports of fishery products increased significantly for different reasons. Competitiveness is the most important internal factor to determine a country＇s export performance. This factor is referenced constantly and it is considered as a necessary condition when it comes to staying in foreign markets, gaining new ones, and increasing the share of exports. This paper is a preliminary study that aims to develop a software tool which is able to characterize the competitiveness of Argentina in the international market for fishery products. We propose to use predicates generated from the knowledge of experts in the study area and evaluate them through Compensatory Fuzzy Logic. The predicates were related to obtain a value that quantifies the competitiveness of Argentina in the various markets in which it provides. The analysis of results verifies the consistency of the computer tool developed. This methodology applied to the fishing industry is an innovative approach to Argentina, not only for the sector in question but also for other industrial sectors that make up the country＇s productive system
基金an outcome of annual program under the Fundamental Research Funds for the Centrally-Administered Universities(Approval No.JBK130936)Research on the Upgrade Mechanism of Chinese Export Productssponsored by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Centrally-Administered Universitiesa contribution to the Third China Trade Research Group(CTRG) Conference
文摘This paper has developed a measurement approach that integrates price with the product technical content initiated by Lall et al.(2006),i.e.,dividing HS6-quantile products into high-end,middle-end and low-end levels through the quantile ranking of prices of the same product from different countries or regions in a target market.Our estimation has discovered that due to the lack of product price differentiation,traditional method for the measurement of product technical content overestimated technical content of the low-end segment in the same category of products while underestimated technical content of the high-end segment in the same category of products.Re-calculation based on Rodric's result indicates that specialness of Chinese exports is mainly reflected by high-end and middle-end products.In addition,the competition result of the sophistication of Chinese exports indicates that since the middle of the 1990 s,the sophistication of Chinese exports has remained relatively low compared with the average level of the world and developing countries;from an economic perspective,improvement in the sophistication of Chinese exports primarily derived from middle-end and low-end products;from a category-specific perspective,improvement in the sophistication of Chinese exports primarily derived from low-technology export products.
