优化沿海出口导向型产业集群支持体系的路径思考

我国广东、浙江、江苏、山东、福建等沿海地区出口导向型产业集群是我国出口、就业和经济增长的重要支撑。随着国际国内形势变化,如何优化沿海出口导向型产业集群支持体系,促进产业集群升级,成为一个重要的研究课题。本文从完善产业链支持体系、企业家队伍支持体系、构建技术创新支持体系、现代物流支撑体系、营销支持体系、整合区域内城市群支持体系等六个方面提出了优化路径。

中国罗非鱼产品出口贸易情况分析及展望

为了引导罗非鱼产业健康持续发展,分析了中国罗非鱼产品出口的基本情况、出口区域情况、出口目标国情况,并对罗非鱼的贸易发展趋势进行展望。分析显示,中国罗非鱼产品供应以国际市场为主。2002年以来,对外贸易基本表现出良好的发展势头,但增长速度在逐步放缓。在国际市场需求的带动下,中国罗非鱼出口产品已转为以冻罗非鱼片为主,罗非鱼出口省份有广东、海南、广西和福建4个省份,这4个省份的出口产品也基本以冻罗非鱼片为主。中国罗非鱼最大的出口国是美国,出口目标国的增加也代表着中国罗非鱼市场正趋于多元化。与此同时,中国罗非鱼在未来发展面临着很多问题,如贸易竞争国竞争力的提高、贸易竞争品种对有限市场的挤占、严峻的国际环境对罗非鱼产业的考验等。罗非鱼产业的持续稳定发展必然要依靠国内外市场的开拓、产品品质的提升和营销渠道的构建等。

新发展格局下我国出口导向型产业集群升级路径思考——基于国际价值链升级视角的分析

从国际价值链的视角深入探讨和推动我国出口导向型产业集群升级,对于提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平,促进我国经济高质量发展具有重要现实意义。本文主要探讨新发展格局下我国出口导向型产业集群转型升级问题,研究发现:依托出口导向型经济的发展,我国产业集群取得了快速发展壮大。但是,我国出口导向型产业集群在发展过程中面临着国际价值链低端锁定、创新能力有待提升、产业集群内分工存在同质化等挑战。鉴于此,要不断完善产业链条、加快产业集群创新发展、完善配套支持体系积极培育和发展区域价值链,从而推动我国出口导向型产业集群转型升级,更好促进我国经济高质量发展。

外汇储备与结构升级——从三资企业化进程看我国自立发展模式

作为一个发展中国家,我国需要进行大规模的产业置换.因为,'经济落后'通常表现为经济中普遍地存在着技术陈旧、管理落后的过时产业和产品,并迫切需要新旧替代,这种置换需要花费大量的外汇.因此,对外贸易、尤其是出口赚汇,是一国发挥比较优势,弥补比较劣势,吐故纳新,实现结构调整的最重要通道;也是支持和实现这种产业置换的主要依靠.另一方面,作为一个大国,在开放的条件下,虽然不可能在同一时期发展所有的产业部门或在所有的产业中都介入,但必须自立发展一些重要的产业,并在一些产业部门中保持必要的介入.这种产业之间的顺序发展,也需要一些产业的出口赚汇支持另外一些产业的进口替代.

Intemational Competitiveness of Export-oriented Industries in Bulgaria

With increasing globalization and Bulgaria＇s accession into the European Union （EU）, the question how to improve the country＇s international competitiveness has become very important and urgent. The aim of the paper is to present the results of a research on the past decade＇s competitiveness of Bulgarian export-oriented sectors, enjoying good positions in local and international markets and having a high development potential. The first part of the article presents a comprehensive review of the concept of competitiveness--its definitions, factors, and measurements at national, industry, and firm level. On the basis of the theoretical considerations, an empirical analysis on the current state of competitiveness of the selected export-oriented industries is performed. These include metallurgy, machine building, chemicals, clothing and textiles, furniture, wine production, tobacco, and food processing. The research answers the following questions： What are the major competitive advantages of Bulgarian export-oriented industries on the world market？ What are their disadvantages？ How did they change over the period 2002-2012, and what steps should be taken to meet the challenges？ The employed methods of analysis are both quantitative--calculating various production, trade, and price indices, and qualitative--carrying out a survey among top managers of firms operating in the selected industries across all the regions of the country. Results show that the country＇s competitiveness on international level has gradually improved but still remains at a comparatively low level as Bulgarian producers compete mostly on the price, invest very little in research and development （R＆D）, rely on low labor costs, and produce goods with low added value. The paper looks into the specific challenges to competitiveness faced by different sectors and the implications of addressing them. In conclusion, it puts forward some recommendations for boosting Bulgaria＇s international competitiveness which are aimed at key stakeholders： companies, central and local government, and institutions promoting cooperation.

江西经济实现超常规发展的思考

在学习贯彻邓小平同志南巡讲话和毛致用同志在全省党代表会上的讲话过程中,全省上下都有一个共识:江西比沿海地区落后了,应该抓住历史给我们提供的机遇,实现经济的更高速度更好效益的超常规发展。但是,超常规之路应该怎么走?这里,我谈点看法,仅作为一次抛砖引玉的探讨。