FDI与出口贸易品技术含量关系的实证分析——高新技术产业与传统制造业的对比分析

以FDI与我国出口贸易品技术含量的关系作为切入点,选择通信设备、计算机制造业、医药制造业作为高新技术产业的代表,通用设备制造业、专用设备制造业作为传统制造业的代表。根据这4个行业1997—2011年利用外资与出口贸易品技术含量的数据,基于面板数据模型对高新技术产业和传统制造业FDI与出口贸易品技术含量之间的长期均衡关系及相关性进行实证分析。结果表明:高新技术产业利用外资与出口贸易品技术含量存在着长期均衡稳定关系,出口贸易品技术含量随着高新技术产业利用外资的增加而提高,并有明显的促进作用,而传统制造业利用外资对出口贸易品技术含量的影响有限。

自贸区对出口贸易品技术含量深化的影响研究——基于福建省数据的实证检验

自贸区的建立为福建省贸易发展带来了新的机遇,其是否会推动福建出口贸易品技术含量的深化值得关注。本文首先分析了自贸区建立对出口贸易品技术含量影响的作用机制,接着以贸易开放度、FDI渗透率和金融国际化水平作为自贸区建立的代理变量,结合灰色关联分析法对福建自贸区影响出口技术含量情况进行了实证分析。分析发现:FDI流入与福建出口技术含量的灰色关联度最大,其次是贸易便利化,金融国际化水平的关联度较低。而对福建不同要素密集型产业的实证分析发现,自贸区建立与资本技术密集型产业的灰色关联度远远大于资源密集型产业和劳动密集型产业。

中国制造业出口贸易品技术含量测度与影响因素研究

提升制造业出口贸易品技术含量是中国由“制造大国”向“制造强国”转型的关键所在。文章采用Hausmann等（2007）所修正的出口技术复杂度指数来测度中国制造业1995～2012年出口贸易品技术含量的变化轨迹。发现中国制造业出口贸易品技术含量上升趋势明显，目前已处于世界前列，其中纺织服装、机械与电子设备制造业尤其突出。进一步分析发现，人力资本、进口贸易、外商直接投资和对外直接投资均能显著提升中国制造业的出口贸易品技术含量，而传统的劳动力要素和资本要素对中国制造业出口贸易品技术含量无显著影响。

对外直接投资对母国出口贸易品技术含量的影响——基于跨国动态面板数据模型的实证研究

本文综合测度了世界71个国家1995-2011年的出口贸易品技术含量,在理论模型推导基础上,运用动态面板数据模型的system GMM方法实证分析ODI对母国出口贸易品技术含量的影响。研究结果表明ODI能够提升母国出口贸易品技术含量,但进一步分析发现ODI仅对发达国家出口贸易品技术含量具有显著的提升作用,而对发展中国家却在一定程度上表现出抑制效应。此外,教育水平、FDI、对外开放度、要素禀赋均能显著影响一国出口贸易品技术含量,但作用效果在发达国家和发展中国家具有明显差异性。

Sino-European Trade Competition in Latin America and the Caribbean

The article studies trade in goods between China and the Latin American and Caribbean （LAC） countries and between the European Union （EU） and LAC during the years from 2000 to 2013. From the beginning of the 21st century, big changes in LAC＇s trade patterns have been observed. The article contains possible explanation of them. The analysis is based on the ECLAC （Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean） data. Merchandise trade between China and LAC grew significantly over the period from 2000 to 2013. In 2013, the value of merchandise exports from China was higher than from the EU-28 in the case of 12 LAC countries. Chinese imports of goods surpassed the European ones in five countries in the region. In order to increase its exports of manufactured goods and imports of natural resources and agricultural commodities, China combines trade arrangements with foreign aid policy. Besides, a rapid development of bilateral diplomatic ties between China and LAC is observed. The EU-LAC trade relations have worsened during the last decade mainly due to financial crisis and development of the EU-Asia trade relations.

China’s Export Expansion, Export Structure and Energy Consumption

Since the reform and opening up,China's export trade has maintained a rapid growth;meanwhile,China's energy consumption has been increasing sharply. "High export and high energy consumption" has become the feature of China's trade and economic development.In this paper,based on the input-output analysis approach,the authors have conducted an empirical study on the export trade and energy consumption of 21 trade industrial sectors.The results show that,China is a big net exporter of embodied energy.Assuming that the export growth rate of embodied energy maintains to be about 23.6%,the average annual growth rate of the past 32 years,and based on the input-output data of 2005,by 2030 China's net export of embodied energy would be over eight times more than the aggregate energy production,which is obviously infeasible.As a country of very low per capita energy,China must change its export pattern,encourage or restrain the export of different industrial sectors according to their energy consumption intensity,and promote structural change of energy-efficient exported products,so as to achieve the sustainable development.Accordingly,the authors put forward some suggestions.

Zhe jiang Alephan Group Co.,LTD

Established in 1992,Zhejiang Alephan Group Co.,LTD is located in the world famous tourism city-Hangzhou,China,is a large-scale group company,consists of garments and textile manufacture and import & export,restaurant,entertainment,tourism enterprises,arts crafts, agricultural products processing,biologic and ecological R&D etc.

High Environmental Cost behind Low China Price

China has won the name of the world factory being famous for exporting a great deal of and various kinds of low-price merchandise. However, most of Chinese exports are primary goods or manufactured products that create heavy pollution and require intensive use of resources. Chinese products go abroad, but their following harms stay behind. The article analyzes many obvious low-price facts in China and their concomitant terrible environmental results in detail, and points out that there are huge hidden troubles in the way of China’s sustainable development behind her seemingly flourishing economy.

Research on the exports trade of Shandong agricultural products

This paper analyses the internal problems and external constraints against the further development of exports trade of Shandong agricultural products. The countermeasures in solving those problems and constraints are recommended to ensure a sustainable development of Shandong regional agricultural products exports.

Role of Buffalo in International Trade

The study analyzed the foreign trade performance of buffalo products using several indicators. These are the foreign trade structure by product and by Geographic distribution, time trend, instability, the free on board or freight on board （FOB） price ratio of buffalo to cattle revealed comparative advantage of tradable buffalo products. Thailand has the highest buffalo exports of live animals and hides. India exports the highest share of buffalo meat. Buffalo dairy products exports are rare due to lack of expanded dairy processing industries of buffalo milk and lacking of awareness towards the buffalo milk quality, which limits the demand for buffalo dairy products and shortage in supply beyond the domestic consumption. While buffalo stock all over the world represents 12% of the world bovine stock, its share in buffalo exports of meat is around 27% of the world bovine exports measured in tons in 2007. Such share shrinkages to 13.2% when measured in dollars. This shrinkage is due to lower prices of buffalo products than cattle products. The ratio of annual average ＂FOB price＂ of buffalo meat to bovine price was about one-half and for hides was about 40%, and for live buffalo was 14%. Reasons of the apparent lower FOB price of buffalo Exported Products than cattle are the low carcass weight of buffalo exported mainly for processing, low quality and limited demand for buffalo hides, and commonly, exporting live buffalo as weaned calves. Expansion in exports of buffalo products requires expansion in supply, through the potentiality of higher productivity, rather than stock size, to reach in balance with available feeds.

An Audit of Constraints and Opportunities in Kenya＇s Livestock Export Value Chain

For a long time Kenya has desired to access lucrative export markets for her livestock products. Although this desire matches the growing global demand for livestock products and increasing interest in livestock products from Kenya by livestock deficient countries, Kenya has not been able to meet the expressed demand. The reasons for this failure have not been sufficiently documented. This study used the value chain approach to assess and document the factors that limit Kenya＇s export trade in livestock. Questionnaire interviews were undertaken with livestock producers, traders, processors and importers. Producers cited livestock diseases, poor roads, drought, livestock theft and insecurity as the main constraints to livestock supply. Livestock traders mentioned high cost and delays in obtaining movement permits, rent-seeking and disturbance by government officials along the stock routes as some of the constraints. Processors on the other hand mentioned Kenya＇s failure to meet the international sanitary requirements. The only importer interviewed indicated that trade restrictions, Kenya＇s inability to control livestock diseases and distance were the main constraints to increased livestock trade with Kenya. Stakeholders in Kenya＇s livestock export value chain should address these and other constraints in order to revitalize this vital sector.

Territory-based and Ownershipbased Gains from Trade under the Global Production Network——An Empirical Study Based on China

Under global production network,export cannot represent a country's gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of export after deducting the input of intermediate goods and re-export after value-added return.Ownership-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of territory-based gains from trade after further deducting the trade in value added(TVA) realized through the inflow of foreign factors.By creating a multicountry input and output model,this paper calculates the territory-based gains from trade,ownership-based gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade for foreign countries realized through China's export,as well as valueadded return and territory-based gains from trade for foreign countries realized through China's import.This paper has arrived at the following conclusions:behind China's status as the largest goods exporting country in the world,most of Chinese exports contribute to the gains of foreign countries;value addition for foreign countries realized through China's export and value-added return realized through China's import mostly come from Taiwan region,Japan and South Korea in East Asia;a considerable part of gains from trade for the United States realized through China-US trade is achieved through indirect trade.