Recently, thick haze and poisonous smoke have cloaked the surrounding air in Malaysia due to the uncontrollable and unethical burning of nearby country. This devastating episode of open burning started in the year 199...Recently, thick haze and poisonous smoke have cloaked the surrounding air in Malaysia due to the uncontrollable and unethical burning of nearby country. This devastating episode of open burning started in the year 1997 in Indonesia which deeply affected most of the ASEAN （association of southeast asian nations） countries especially their neighbour Malaysia and Singapore. The PV （photovoltaic） technology as an alternative means of energy generation experiences such significant energy decrease based on this condition which is due to the shading of sunlight. The 6 h claims of good sunlight has become not more than 2 h and gets worst when the API （air pollution index） struck 200 levels which is at very unhealthy condition. This study embraces some findings from 1 kWp PV generator field data installed in Malaysia reflecting the daily energy decrease operated during this unhealthy weather condition. It is found that, such significant energy decrease with the value of 0.43 W power output per increment of one point API. This value shows such concrete proof of additional factors to be considered in PV modelling in line to support PV technology adaptation in the ASEAN region.展开更多
Based on air quality perception, researching through field survey forms on Shanghai＇ s public travel decisions, article give a comparative analysis and a descriptive statistics on survey data. The study found, differ...Based on air quality perception, researching through field survey forms on Shanghai＇ s public travel decisions, article give a comparative analysis and a descriptive statistics on survey data. The study found, different identity, qualifications, age, background of Shanghai＇ s Public perception to air quality perform a universal character, and the rate of concerning for air pollution is relatively high, but to air pollution, they lack of understanding of its essence. Shanghai＇s public have a large usage of mobile devices, the way of concerns for air quality shows a ＂move concern＂ feature. There is a certain influence of air quality on public＇s travel decisions, on the condition that public often go out and show their concern on air quality information.展开更多
Several reviews have assessed the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes during pregnancy,but the results remain controversial.The objective of this study was to assess this ...Several reviews have assessed the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes during pregnancy,but the results remain controversial.The objective of this study was to assess this correlation quantitatively and to explore sources of heterogeneity.We included all published case-control or cohort studies that evaluated the correlation between ambient air pollution and low birth weight(LBW),preterm birth(PTB),and small for gestational age(SGA).Analytical methods and inclusion criteria were provided on the PROSPERO website(CRD42018085816).We evaluated pooled effects and heterogeneity.Subgroup analyses(grouped by exposure period,study settings,study design,exposure types,data source,Newcastle-Ottawa quality score(NOS),and adjustment for smoking or meteorological factors)were also conducted and publication bias was examined.The risk of bias in systematic reviews(ROBIS)tool was used to evaluate the overall risk of bias in this review.Forty studies met the inclusion criteria.We observed pooled odds ratios(ORs)of 1.03–1.21 for LBW and 0.97–1.06 for PTB when mothers were exposed to CO,NO2,NOx,O3,PM2.5,PM10,or SO2 throughout their pregnancy.For SGA,the pooled estimate was 1.02 in relation to NO2 concentrations.Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis decreased the heterogeneity to some extent,such as the subgroups of continuous measures(OR=0.98(0.97–0.99),I2=0.0%)and NOS>7(OR=0.98(0.97–0.99),I2=0.0%)in evaluating the association between PTB and NO2.This review was completed with a low risk of bias.High concentrations of air pollution were significantly related to the higher risk of adverse birth outcomes.However,the sources of heterogeneity among studies should be further explored.展开更多
Increasing pressure from the international community to reduce carbon emissions, coupled with the need to reduce domestic air pollutants, is forcing China to deal with both sources of emissions. Air pollutants and gre...Increasing pressure from the international community to reduce carbon emissions, coupled with the need to reduce domestic air pollutants, is forcing China to deal with both sources of emissions. Air pollutants and greenhouse gases are closely linked via their common source, fossil fuels. As a result of globalization, large portions of these emissions are associated with trade. This study uses data from the World Input-Output Database（WIOD）, including 27 EU countries and 13 major countries, covering the period from 2000 to 2009, and applies MRIO（Multiregional input-output） to estimate emissions embodied in China＇s international trade. We focus on the synergy between LAPs（local air pollutants） and GHG consumption-based emissions, and the relationship between virtual LAPs and virtual GHGs associated with China＇s international trade from 2000 to 2009. The results indicate that a strong synergistic relationship exists and that air pollutant control can serve as an endogenous mechanism to mitigating greenhouse gases. Thanks to domestic actions to control air pollutants, every ton reduction of LAP emissions related to export can save 27.1 tons of GHG emissions in 2005 over emissions efficiency levels, and can save 32.4 tons of GHG emissions in 2009 over 2005. Mitigation actions taken to reduce air pollutants could also reduce GHG emissions.展开更多
文摘Recently, thick haze and poisonous smoke have cloaked the surrounding air in Malaysia due to the uncontrollable and unethical burning of nearby country. This devastating episode of open burning started in the year 1997 in Indonesia which deeply affected most of the ASEAN （association of southeast asian nations） countries especially their neighbour Malaysia and Singapore. The PV （photovoltaic） technology as an alternative means of energy generation experiences such significant energy decrease based on this condition which is due to the shading of sunlight. The 6 h claims of good sunlight has become not more than 2 h and gets worst when the API （air pollution index） struck 200 levels which is at very unhealthy condition. This study embraces some findings from 1 kWp PV generator field data installed in Malaysia reflecting the daily energy decrease operated during this unhealthy weather condition. It is found that, such significant energy decrease with the value of 0.43 W power output per increment of one point API. This value shows such concrete proof of additional factors to be considered in PV modelling in line to support PV technology adaptation in the ASEAN region.
文摘Based on air quality perception, researching through field survey forms on Shanghai＇ s public travel decisions, article give a comparative analysis and a descriptive statistics on survey data. The study found, different identity, qualifications, age, background of Shanghai＇ s Public perception to air quality perform a universal character, and the rate of concerning for air pollution is relatively high, but to air pollution, they lack of understanding of its essence. Shanghai＇s public have a large usage of mobile devices, the way of concerns for air quality shows a ＂move concern＂ feature. There is a certain influence of air quality on public＇s travel decisions, on the condition that public often go out and show their concern on air quality information.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81230016)the Birth Defect Control and Prevention Project of Shaanxi Commission of Health and Family Planning(No.sxwsjs wzfcght2016-013),China
文摘Several reviews have assessed the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes during pregnancy,but the results remain controversial.The objective of this study was to assess this correlation quantitatively and to explore sources of heterogeneity.We included all published case-control or cohort studies that evaluated the correlation between ambient air pollution and low birth weight(LBW),preterm birth(PTB),and small for gestational age(SGA).Analytical methods and inclusion criteria were provided on the PROSPERO website(CRD42018085816).We evaluated pooled effects and heterogeneity.Subgroup analyses(grouped by exposure period,study settings,study design,exposure types,data source,Newcastle-Ottawa quality score(NOS),and adjustment for smoking or meteorological factors)were also conducted and publication bias was examined.The risk of bias in systematic reviews(ROBIS)tool was used to evaluate the overall risk of bias in this review.Forty studies met the inclusion criteria.We observed pooled odds ratios(ORs)of 1.03–1.21 for LBW and 0.97–1.06 for PTB when mothers were exposed to CO,NO2,NOx,O3,PM2.5,PM10,or SO2 throughout their pregnancy.For SGA,the pooled estimate was 1.02 in relation to NO2 concentrations.Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis decreased the heterogeneity to some extent,such as the subgroups of continuous measures(OR=0.98(0.97–0.99),I2=0.0%)and NOS>7(OR=0.98(0.97–0.99),I2=0.0%)in evaluating the association between PTB and NO2.This review was completed with a low risk of bias.High concentrations of air pollution were significantly related to the higher risk of adverse birth outcomes.However,the sources of heterogeneity among studies should be further explored.
基金Research fund project of Renmin University of China(17XNA014)
文摘Increasing pressure from the international community to reduce carbon emissions, coupled with the need to reduce domestic air pollutants, is forcing China to deal with both sources of emissions. Air pollutants and greenhouse gases are closely linked via their common source, fossil fuels. As a result of globalization, large portions of these emissions are associated with trade. This study uses data from the World Input-Output Database（WIOD）, including 27 EU countries and 13 major countries, covering the period from 2000 to 2009, and applies MRIO（Multiregional input-output） to estimate emissions embodied in China＇s international trade. We focus on the synergy between LAPs（local air pollutants） and GHG consumption-based emissions, and the relationship between virtual LAPs and virtual GHGs associated with China＇s international trade from 2000 to 2009. The results indicate that a strong synergistic relationship exists and that air pollutant control can serve as an endogenous mechanism to mitigating greenhouse gases. Thanks to domestic actions to control air pollutants, every ton reduction of LAP emissions related to export can save 27.1 tons of GHG emissions in 2005 over emissions efficiency levels, and can save 32.4 tons of GHG emissions in 2009 over 2005. Mitigation actions taken to reduce air pollutants could also reduce GHG emissions.
