以击环、击块为粉碎介质的振动粉碎机设计参数的初探

探讨了击环、击块粉碎介质的振动粉碎机设计参数的确定，可供研制该类型粉碎机的人员参考。

气动击发环式灭火炮的设计与试验

为了解决采用高压气动灭火炮对气体阀质量要求过高且不易改变发射气压的问题,首先,设计了一种新型以高压气体为动力的灭火弹发射系统,此系统采用内炮筒带动击发环发射方式。然后,通过建立发射时的动力学模型并研究不同发射阶段的气压变化特性,列出其不同发射阶段灭火弹的轨迹方程。最后,分析出击发环角度与其对外炮筒压力的关系,得出了击发环的最优参数。实验结果印证了分析结果,同时表明:当仰角为40°、气压为1.6 MPa时射程最大为102.34 m,消防炮误差率可以控制在1.0%~3.6%。此灭火炮总体结构设计合理,为同类森林灭火装置提供了参考。

干燥窑进料装置上的击振环

介绍在干燥窑的快速干燥过程中，赛进料时为防高湿粘性物料在窑尾进料装置上粘结长大、甚至堵塞而设置的一种报打清除装置一击振环的设计原理，并提出防止物料在干燥蒂进料装置上粘结的好方法──运动振打清除法。

锺肇政的生态小说《白翎鸶之歌》

台湾从六十年代起进入工业社会后,环境污染日益严重。到了七十年代后期,环境污染已成了台湾的一大公害,严重威胁着人们的生存安全。这一社会现象较早被台湾作家察觉,一些有社会责任感的作家便起来撰写小说,揭露和抨击环境污染给社会带来的危害。这些作品发表后在台湾引起强烈的反响,有些批评家称之为“生态小说”。在这批生态小说中,入选台湾《中华现代文学大系》(1970—1989)的锺肇政的《白翎鸶之歌》可以说得上是优秀之作。

A Novel Polysilicon and Oxide Sandwich Deep Trench with Field Limiting Ring for RF Power Transistors

A vertical sandwich deep trench with a field limiting ring is proposed to improve the breakdown voltage of power devices and high voltage devices.Simulation result shows that nearly 100% breakdown voltage of the plane junction can be realized.

Effect of thermal treatment on energy dissipation of granite under cyclic impact loading

High temperature treatment causes thermal damage to rocks in deep mining.To study the thermal effect on the energy dissipation of rocks during the dynamic cyclic loading,cyclic impact loading experiments of heat-treated rocks were carried out using the splitting Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)experimental system.The correlations among the energy dissipation,energy dissipation rate,impact times,accumulated absorbed energy per volume,failure mode and temperature were analyzed.The results show that the reflected energy under the first impact increases and finally exceeds the absorbed energy when the temperature increases;however,the total reflected energy decreases above 200℃.The absorbed energy under the first impact and the total absorbed energy all decrease as the temperature increases,the rates of which decrease accordingly.And the same phenomenon appears for the transmitted energy and the rate of the transmitted energy.On the contrary,the rate of the reflected energy increases with the rising temperature.When the temperature increases,the fewer impact times are needed to destroy the sample.In addition,the failure modes are different when the rock is treated at different temperatures;that is,when the temperature is high,even though the absorbed energy is low,the sample breaks into powder after several impacts.

Micromixing in the Submerged Circulative Impinging Stream Reactor

Micromixing in the submerged circulative impinging stream reactor (SCISR) developed by the authors is investigated with the Bourne's reaction scheme. The values measured for the impinging velocity, u0, under the conditions of SCISR normal operation, only is of the order of 0.1m·s^-1, are much slower than that inferred,suggesting low power requirement for operation. The values of the characteristic time constant for micromixing,tM, determined in the impinging velocity range of 0.184m·s^-1 < u0 < 0.326m·s^-1 are ranged from 192ms to 87 ms, showing that impinging streams promotes micromixing very efficiently. The data follow approximately the relationship of tM∝ u0^-1.5. A comparative study shows that the micromixing performance of SCISR is much better than that of the traditional stirred tank reactor. The tM values predicted with the existing theoretical model are systematically longer than those measured by about 2--3 times, implying that the regularity of impinging streams promoting micromixing is unclear yet.

Pressure Fluctuation in the Submerged Circulative Impinging Stream Reactor

Pressure fluctuation in the submerged circulative impinging stream reactor （SCISR） is studied by measuring the dynamic pressure with micro pressure sensors of high accuracy, with water as the process material. Experimental results show that the maximum amplitude of fluctuation can be up to about 1.6kPa. On the power spectra the fluctuation is relatively concentrated in the range of 〈1000Hz, with some weak peeks in acoustic wave range. The space profile of intensive fluctuation region in the reactor is determined. The region is found to take the form of a couple truncated cones of empty core, with coincided bottoms, and is symmetrical with respect to the impinging plane and approximately symmetrical about the axis, essentially independent of u0. The integral intensity of fluctuation increases as the impinging velocity, Uo increasing.

Fast Secret Key Generation Based on Dynamic Private Pilot from Static Wireless Channels

In static or quasi-static wireless channel environments, secret key generation(SKG) based on wireless channels is vulnerable to active attacks due to the openness and invariance of public pilot, especially man-inthe-middle(MITM) attacks, where attacker acts as a transparent relay to manipulate channel measurements and derive the generated keys. In order to fight against this attack, a dynamic private pilot is designed, where both private pilot and secret key are derived from the characteristics of wireless channels and private to third party. In static or quasi-static environments, we use singular value decomposition techniques to reconstitute the wireless channels to improve the randomness of the wireless channels. Private pilot can encrypt and authenticate the wireless channels, which can make channel state information intercepted by MITM attacker reduced to zero and the SKG rate close to that without attacks. Results of analysis and simulation show the proposed SKG scheme can withdraw the MITM attacks.

A relationship between temperature and aggression in NFL football penalties

Background： Increased ambient temperature has been implicated in increased physical aggression, which has important practical consequences. The present study investigates this established relationship between aggressive behavior and ambient temperature in the highly aggressive context of professional football in the National Football League （NFL）. Methods： Using a publicly available dataset, authors conducted multiple hierarchical regression analyses on game-level data （2326 games）. Results： The analysis revealed that temperature positively predicted aggressive penalties in football, and that this relationship was significant for teams playing at home but not for visiting teams. Conclusion： These results indicate that even in the aggressive context of football, warmer weather contributes to increased violence. Further, the presence of the heat-aggression relationship for the home team suggests that the characteristics of interacting groups may influence whether heat would have an adverse effect on the outcome of those interactions.

Influences of gap size and cyclic-thermal-shock treatment on mechanical properties of TLP bonded IN-738LC superalloy

Influences of gap size and cyclic-thermal-shock treatment on the mechanical properties of transient liquid phase（TLP） bonded IN-738 LC superalloy were investigated. For this purpose, TLP bonding of IN-738 LC superalloy was carried out in a vacuum furnace using powdered AMS 4777 as the filler metal. The results showed that isothermal solidified zone（ISZ） consisted of Ni solid-solution and the distribution of alloying elements was homogeneous. High hardness of HV 409 and high shear strength of 506 MPa were observed in 40 μm gap sample. Alloying elements formed γ′ precipitates and the solid-solution in the ISZ. Hardness and shear strength of bonds were reduced with increasing the gap size（in range of 40-120 μm）. The fractured surfaces of complete isothermal solidified bonds showed dimpled rupture, but athermal solidified bonds showed cleavage fracture surface. 10, 20, 30 and 40 thermal-shock cycles were applied to 80 μm gap samples, respectively. The shear strength of the bond was measured to be 268 MPa after the 40 th thermal-shock cycle. The sample with gap size of 80 μm was failed due to crack nucleation on faying surface at 45 th thermal-shock cycle. The amount of the produced brittleness due to quenching the samples in water bath was attributed to the number of thermal-shock cycles.

Monitoring and analysis of shock wave in water for underwater drilling blasting

Taking the underwater reef blasting in Gulei sea channel of Xiamen Port as an example,the forming characteristic of shock wave in water for underwater drilling blasting is analyzed.By field monitoring,the pressure of shock wave in water for different distances is attained;the major parameters such as pressure amplitude and positive action time,and the propagation attenuation rule of shock wave in water are analyzed in this paper.The results can be helpful for engineering design and construction and environmental safety assessment.

Strategic Environmental Assessment:A New Tool for Ecological Urbanization of Coastal Cities in China

Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coastal areas, consequently affecting the sustainable development of coastal cities. In 2002, Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act) was enacted in China. Environmental impact assessment targeted at planning, one level of strategic environmental assessment (SEA), thus became a legislative requirement. This paper considers SEA to be one of the important approaches not only to control coastal pollution, but also to conserve coastal ecosystems and finally to achieve sustainable development during urbanization, thus it will be a set an example for other areas of China. The experience of SEA in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeast China, illustrates the potentials of SEA. This paper first briefly introduces the concept and potentials of SEA, then compares two SEA cases and a project EIA case in Xiamen, and finally identifies the key characteristics of SEA.

Research on Key Technology of Web Vulnerability Detection System Based on Cloud Environment

In the light of the defect of web vulnerability detection system, combined with the characteristics of high efficient and sharing in the cloud environment, a design proposal is presented based on cloud environment, which analyses the key technology of gaining the URL, task allocation and scheduling and the design of attack detection. Experiment shows its feasibility and effectiveness in this paper.

A Test Bed for Information Security Skill Development with Virtual Training Environment

New attacks are emerging rapidly in Information Security; hence the tools and technologies available for securing the information needs substantial upgradation as well as skills for operationalization to mitigate these attacks. It requires creation of practical training environment with tools and technologies available for Information Security. The design of Information Security courses involves scenario based hands-on-labs with real time security incidents and problems with global reach which could be customized quickly as per the scenario and user＇s requirement. In order to understand the underlying concepts as well as to learn the practical aspects of network and system security environment, an initiative has been taken and a Virtual Test Bed has been developed to meet the above objectives. It is an essential component in Information Security training concept which could be used to perform actual security attacks and remedial measures as well as to test the effectiveness of protection mechanisms and help in handling the security incidents effectively. This paper discusses the development of this Test Bed for Information Security skill development with virtual training environment using which Information Security concepts, attacks on networks/systems and practical scenarios are simulated for imparting hands on training to participants.

Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclophosphamide therapy for patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis

OBJECTIVE: To make an open label prospective trial for comparing the therapeutic effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) vs cyclophosphamide (CYC) pulse therapy on patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN). METHODS: Forty-six patients with biopsy proven active DPLN were enrolled in this study. Twenty-three patients were given MMF orally at a dosage of 1.0 - 1.5 g/d (MMF Group). Another 23 cases received conventional intermittent CYC pulse therapy (CYC Group). Supplemental steroid treatment was offered in the same manner to both groups. The age, sex distribution and severity of renal damage were matched in two groups. Therapeutic effects were evaluated at the end of six-month treatment. Fifteen patients in the MMF Group and 12 patients in the CYC Group had repeated renal biopsy at that time. RESULTS: MMF therapy was more effective in reducing proteinuria and hematuria. A 50% reduction of urinary protein and urinary red blood cell excretion from baseline value in 69.6% and 91.3% patients in the MMF Group, while only 47.8% and 65.2% in the CYC Group. MMF was more effective in inhibiting autoantibody production (especially anti-dsDNA antibody) and in decreasing serum cryoglobulin levels. Pathologically, the MMF group showed more markedly reduction in glomerular immune deposits with less glomerular necrosis, and less microthrombi, less crescent formation and vascular changes in the repeated renal biopsy as compared with the CYC group. Adverse reactions related to the treatment included gastrointestinal symptoms 26.1% and 43.5% in the MMF and CYC Groups respectively, infection 17.4% in the MMF group and 30.4% in the CYC group. CONCLUSION: MMF was more effective in controlling the clinical activity of DPLN and renal vascular lesions as compared with CYC pulse therapy in a 6 month follow-up study.

Editor’s Notes

Comparative Literature:East&West(CLEW) invites authors to submit manuscripts on comparative studies,literary and cultural theories,translation studies as well as cultural studies.Submitted articles must not be under consideration elsewhere and must be previously unpublished.

Glomerular chemokine expression and the effect of steroid and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in human crescentic glomerulonephritis

OBJECTIVE: To study glomerular expression of C-C chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and beta (MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta) and the effect of steroid and cyclophosphamide (CTX) intermittent intravenous pulse therapy on expression in patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) to further investigate the underlying mechanism of the treatment. METHODS: Twelve patients with initial biopsy-proven CGN(2), 6 with lupus nephritis (lupus-CGN, LN-CGN) and 6 with vasculitis, (vasculitis-CGN, V-CGN) were enrolled in this study. They underwent an initial biopsy before steroid and CTX intermittent intravenous pulse therapy and were biopsied again one to three months later. Expression of MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and CD68 in glomeruli with cellular and fibrocellular crescents were examined by immunohistochemical analysis in serial sections of renal biopsies. The effect of the pulse therapy on histopathological changes was also observed. RESULTS: Although steroid and CTX intermittent intravenous pulse therapy markedly reduced the degree of glomerular crescent formation both in LN-CGN and V-CGN, the effect of the therapy on glomerular chemokine expression was significantly different between LN-CGN and V-CGN. It was found that steroid and CTX intermittent intravenous pulse therapy reduced the expression of CD68, MCP-1, and MIP-1alpha, but had no effect on MIP-1beta in glomeruli with cellular crescents of patients with LN-CGN. In patients with V-CGN, the therapy also reduced the expression of CD68, but had no effect on MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta in glomeruli with cellular crescents. It was noted that the degree of glomerulosclerosis and tubular interstitial fibrosis increased more significantly at the second biopsy in V-CGN as compared to LN-CGN. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of steroid and CTX intermittent intravenous pulse therapy in CGN might be affected by reduction of glomerular chemokine expression. The different changes in glomerular expression of MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha in patients with LN-CGN and V-CGN after pulse therapy may correlate to different responses to treatment and prognosis.

Importance of starting points in heterogeneous environments: interactions between two clonal plants with contrasting spatial architectures

Aims Plants can benefit from heterogeneous environments via disproportionately increasing resource harvesting in resource-rich patches.Their initial growing positions with respect to resource patches may thus have important influences on their performance and relative competitive ability.Such impacts may differ between species with contrasting spatial architectures.However,the potential influence of initial growing positions in heterogeneous environment on plant growth and competition has largely been ignored.Methods We grew the phalanx plant Carex neurocarpa and the guerrilla plant Bolboschoenus planiculmis alone or in competition in a heterogeneous environment consisting of high-and low-nutrient soil patches.In treatments without competition,one ramet of each species was grown in either a high-or a low-nutrient patch in the heterogeneous environment.In treatments with competition,a ramet of the target species was grown in either a high-or a low-nutrient patch,and a ramet of the competitor species was grown in the same patch as the target species or an adjacent patch with a different nutrient level.Important Findings Without competition C.neurocarpa produced more biomass and ramets when initially grown in a high-nutrient patch than when initially grown in a low-nutrient patch.With competition,these differences disappeared.Consequently,competitive intensity on C.neurocarpa was higher when it initially grew in a high-nutrient patch than when it initially grew in a low-nutrient patch.These impacts were independent of the initial position of its competitor.By contrast,the initial positions of B.planiculmis did not influence its growth or competitive response.Therefore,in heterogeneous environments,initial growing positions of clonal plants may influence their performance in competition-free environments and may also affect their relative competitive ability,and these effects may depend on spatial architecture of the plants.

Analytical investigations and fuzzy logic-based modeling of the impact resistance of aluminum-epoxy laminated composites

In the present paper, Charpy impact resistance of aluminum-epoxy laminated composites in both crack divider and crack ar-rester configurations has been investigated. In both configurations, an analytical investigation has been carried out to evaluate the effects of layers thickness on impact resistance of the specimens. A model based on fuzzy logic for predicting impact re-sistance of the specimens has been presented. For purpose of building the model, training and testing using experimental re-sults from 126 specimens produced from two basic composites were conducted. The data used for the input data in fuzzy logic models are arranged in a format of 7 input parameters that cover the thickness of layers, the number of layers, the adhesive type, the crack tip configuration, the content of SiC particles, the content of methacrylated butadiene-styrene particles and the number of test trial. According to these input parameters, in the fuzzy logic model, the impact resistance of each specimen was predicted. The training and testing results in the fuzzy logic model have shown a strong potential for predicting impact resis-tance of aluminum-epoxy laminated composites.