We derive higher-order expansions of L-statistics of independent risks X1,..., Xn under conditions on the underlying distribution function F. The new results are applied to derive the asymptotic expansions of ratios o...We derive higher-order expansions of L-statistics of independent risks X1,..., Xn under conditions on the underlying distribution function F. The new results are applied to derive the asymptotic expansions of ratios of two kinds of risk measures, stop-loss premium and excess return on capital, respectively. Several examples and a Monte Carlo simulation study show the efficiency of our novel asymptotic expansions. Keywords smoothly varying condition, second-order regular variation, tail asymptotics, value-at-risk, con- ditional tail expectation, largest claims reinsurance, ratio of risk measure, excess return on capital展开更多
This paper reports a study into the use of lexical items in economics journal papers. The corpus in this study （EC） consisted of 907,380 running words from 120 journal papers randomly selected from economics journal...This paper reports a study into the use of lexical items in economics journal papers. The corpus in this study （EC） consisted of 907,380 running words from 120 journal papers randomly selected from economics journals which were written by native English speakers. The results showed that the Academic Word List （AWL） accounted for 12.74% of the tokens in EC and the distribution of AWL in EC was uneven. In the case study of the key words, only four out of nine key words ranked by keyness were AWL words, while the other five were from the General Service List （GSL）. Moreover, those nine key words together with other three key functional expressions were employed to fulfill discourse and rhetorical functions in academic writings. Pedagogical implications are also discussed within this paper.展开更多
基金supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2000211401633/1,200021-134785 and 200021-1401633/1)Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme(Grant No.RARE-318984)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11171275)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing(Grant No.cstc2012jjA00029)
文摘We derive higher-order expansions of L-statistics of independent risks X1,..., Xn under conditions on the underlying distribution function F. The new results are applied to derive the asymptotic expansions of ratios of two kinds of risk measures, stop-loss premium and excess return on capital, respectively. Several examples and a Monte Carlo simulation study show the efficiency of our novel asymptotic expansions. Keywords smoothly varying condition, second-order regular variation, tail asymptotics, value-at-risk, con- ditional tail expectation, largest claims reinsurance, ratio of risk measure, excess return on capital
文摘This paper reports a study into the use of lexical items in economics journal papers. The corpus in this study （EC） consisted of 907,380 running words from 120 journal papers randomly selected from economics journals which were written by native English speakers. The results showed that the Academic Word List （AWL） accounted for 12.74% of the tokens in EC and the distribution of AWL in EC was uneven. In the case study of the key words, only four out of nine key words ranked by keyness were AWL words, while the other five were from the General Service List （GSL）. Moreover, those nine key words together with other three key functional expressions were employed to fulfill discourse and rhetorical functions in academic writings. Pedagogical implications are also discussed within this paper.
