武汉里分住区公共空间更新探讨

武汉里分住宅是武汉最具代表性的居住建筑形式,今天,由于各种原因里分住区环境急剧衰败,需要采用科学合理的更新方法加以改造。该文从居民的心理需求出发,调查分析里分居民的公共空间使用状态,提出里分公共空间更新需避免视线监督的观点,并从居民的自发改造行为中获得启示,提出里分公共空间更新的设想。

从住区社会空间分异到极化住区——以南京顶级住区时空演替为研究样本

住区社会空间分异日趋明显并成为人们关注与争议的焦点。为了更好地说明不同类型的住区在住区社会空间分异上的差别,本文以南京市为例,重点研究了以高级别墅住区为主体的顶级住区。为了描述该类住区的时间和空间的变迁过程,本文借用了生态学的一个概念"演替"。发现极高档住区在时空变迁上具有住区数量增长快与高端化、交通带与资源片状分布相结合、资源可及性与私有性非常强、空间外扩等特点。在具体个案的社区要素,具有成员构成的圈层性转移、地域意识的私有与隔离、制度文化营造出作为生活方式的社区、较强的社区心理归属感与身份认同以及特殊性的社会互动与交往等特点。

烟台市老人的居住安排与养老方式的变迁

目的探讨城市老年人的居住及养老方式。方法利用林明鲜等人于2005年对烟台市老年人进行的问卷调查数据,对老年人居住与养老方式的变迁进行了分析。结果在居住方式方面,绝大多数老人都选择了分住,主要原因有:绝大多数老人拥有自己的私房和退休金;传统的"同住规范"逐渐被削弱,开始出现"分住规范";为了避免代际间冲突老人主动选择分住。在养老方式方面,从"同住型养老"模式向"分住型养老"模式转变,但这并不意味着代际关系的削弱。虽然绝大多数老人与自己的子女分住,但他们之间用"见面"或"打电话"方式与子女进行频繁交往。结论在烟台,传统的居住安排和养老方式已经发生很大的变化,但子女赡养父母的中国文化内容还没有根本的改变。

中韩两国老人选择居住方式的比较研究

利用2006年对中国城市烟台的老人和1997年对韩国大中小城市老人调查的数据,对中韩两国城市老人选择居住方式进行了分析。结果表明:在韩国,老人与已婚子女同住的比率很高,而在烟台,老人与子女同住的比率却很低;中韩两国老人与子女分住的主要理由基本相同,而同住的理由则根本不同。韩国老人选择"同住是理所当然或家庭的风俗习惯"的比例最高,而烟台老人选择"同住是为了经济上、生活上帮助子女"的比例最高。通过分析,得出以下结论:韩国城市的大多数老人仍以传统的方式来选择居住安排,另外很多韩国老人之所以与已婚子女同住是因为经济上不能自立,而烟台城市的大多数老人从生活实际情况出发选择居住安排,许多老人之所以选择分住是因为大多数老人经济上能够自立、观念上不支持传统的养老方式。

基于威布尔分布的加速试验剖面设计方法

针对目前航空航天装备的加速寿命试验普遍存在试件少、试验时间长、估计精度差等问题,通过建立基于二参数威布尔分布的三步进加速试验剖面,以应力水平和应力转换时间为设计变量,以产品在正常应力水平下的分位数寿命估计值的渐近方差最小化为优化准则,在短时间内对高可靠性、长寿命产品的寿命进行了精确评估,并与传统均匀设计加速试验方案进行对比。结果表明:经优化后的加速试验方案具有更高的估计精度。

汉口英租界里分历史街区城市空间研究

本文基于实地调研,运用图底分析、文脉分析和街巷空间分析等技术方法,对城市中心区内原租界里分历史街区进行研究,并对其发展提出建议。

Investigation and Analysis on Agricultural Resources in the Main Living Areas of Pumi Nationality in Yunnan Province

[Objective] To fully grasp the living environment and the use of agricultural resources of Pumi nationality, a minority group specific in Yunnan. [Methods]Field investigation and analysis were conducted on the social economic conditions, living environment, types of agricultural resources and their use in the main inhabitances of Pumi people including Yulong, Ninglang, Lanping and Weixi County in Yunnan. [Result] There are certain differences in social and economic situations of the four counties, and the ecological environment is generally good. The main agricultural resources in villages under investigation include beans and coarse cereals, while there are certain differences among other agricultural resources due to their location. [Conclusion] The living environment of the main inhabitances of Pumi people in Yunnan is good and there are plenty and characteristic agricultural resources which have certain potentiality for development in the future.

Living alone, health and preventive care use among the elderly in Shanghai, China

Objective:The purpose of the study was to compare the preventive care use and health between the elderly living alone and living with other individuals and identify strategies to improve the preventive care use among the elderly living alone.Methods:A questionnaire including socioeconomic characteristics,preventive care use,health status and Social Support Rate Scale was administered to 240 elderly living alone and 244 elderly living with other individuals in Shanghai,China.Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the predictors of preventive care use.Results:The elderly living alone were more likely to be single(never married,divorced,separated and widowed),have lower social support and income,utilize less routine physical check-up and blood glucose screenings,have worse self-reported health and have limitations in IADL compared to the elderly living with other individuals.Women,old age,high education,income and social support and close to medical institutions were positively associated with routine physical check-up among the elderly.Conclusion:Living alone was associated with less preventive care use and worse health.It was important to provide more social support and economic support for the elderly living alone to increase their preventive health care service utilization and improve their health status.

POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENSO AND BLOCKING IN KEY REGIONS OF EURASIA

Using reanalysis data provided by the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research, the potential relationship between the E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） cycle and blocking highs in three key regions of Eurasia （Ural, Baikal, and Okhotsk） from 1950 to 2008 is analyzed. Composite analysis of 500 hPa geopotential height field during different stages of ENSO reveals that in the winters of E1 Nifio （EN） years, there is significant negative anomaly of geopotential height in the three key regions. In the winters of La Nifia （LN） years, on the other hand, significant positive anomaly of geopotential height is observed in Eastern Ural, Baikal, and Okhotsk. In summer, Okhotsk exhibits positive anomaly, which is significant at a confidence level of 90% by Student＇s t-test during the developing stage of an LN year. In the developing stage of an EN year, geopotential height field at 500 hPa manifests positive （negative） anomaly in Baikal （Ural and Okhotsk）, while the geopotential height field at 500 hPa exhibits positive （negative） anomaly in Ural and Okhotsk （Baikal） during the decaying stage of both EN and LN years. However, these abnormities are insignificant in a developing EN year, decaying EN year, and the summer of a decaying LN year. By analyzing 500 hPa geopotential height field during different phases of the ENSO cycle, it is observed that results of the case study are consistent with those of composite analysis. Annual average blocking is likewise examined during the different stages of ENSO from 1950 to 2008. Combined with composite analysis and case study, results indicate that blockings in the three key regions are suppressed （enhanced） during the winters of EN （LN） years. In summer, the influence of ENSO on the blockings in the three key regions is not as significant as that in winter. Evidently, developing LN may enhance blockings in Okhotsk. Influence factors on blockings are various and complex. This paper indicates that the influence of ENSO on blockings cannot be neglected, and that it is crucial to related operational forecasting as a potential signal.

Study on City Residential Area Entrance Intercourse Space

Residential area entrance space is an important part of residential areas, which influences space form and also influences the space composition of residents. Through different feature analyses of entrance space for different influences of residents, it can achieve humanized space design and improve the overall level of residential area.

Informal Settlements： A Shape Grammar Approach

Informal urban development is seldomly covered in academic studies or professional architectural training. This article sets forth the first stage of a novel study that observes the informal city using the methodology of analysis of architecture called shape grammars. The idea is to recognize peculiarities in the occupation of the land and the volumetric features of the buildings. Rocinha favela, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is taken as a case study with the primary aim of extrapolating a set of rules for its morphological features so that these rules can be used to generate new shapes, whilst bearing in mind the issues of adaptation and transformation which are so characteristic of informal settlements. There is some expectation that this study may help improve the housing and public space in the favela and enable new housing programs to observe the way the buildings and different architectural elements combined, forming a new channel of interchange with the spatial organization of the favela.

Partial Least Squares Regression Model to Predict Water Quality in Urban Water Distribution Systems

The water distribution system of one residential district in Tianjin is taken as an example to analyze the changes of water quality.Partial least squares(PLS) regression model,in which the turbidity and Fe are regarded as control objectives,is used to establish the statistical model.The experimental results indicate that the PLS regression model has good predicted results of water quality compared with the monitored data.The percentages of absolute relative error(below 15%,20%,30%) are 44.4%,66.7%,100%(turbidity) and 33.3%,44.4%,77.8%(Fe) on the 4th sampling point;77.8%,88.9%,88.9%(turbidity) and 44.4%,55.6%,66.7%(Fe) on the 5th sampling point.

A preliminary sustainability assessment of innovative rainwater harvesting for residential properties in the UK

Rainwater harvesting RWH has yet to see significant uptake in UK households primarily due to a lack of innovation in residential RWH system types.This ppa er presents the results of per liminary investigations into a range of traditional and innovative residential-scale RWH systems. These systems are examined using a patent application search informal interviews with industry professionals cost-benefit analysis and a simple multi criteria analysis MCA .The latter examines the sustainability of the systems based on a priori social economic and ne vironmenat l criteria.Two of the innovative systems are subject to a more detailed analysis and benchmarked agains ta rt aditional system.Results of the MCA indicate that the innovative RWH systems achieve better sustainability scores than the traditional RWH with a lower capital cost.Further research is focused on monitoring the identified systems to generate empir cal datasets in order to undertake the WLC/LCAs and to identify challenges associated with installation.

A GIS-based Spatial Analysis of Housing Price and Road Density in Proximity to Urban Lakes in Wuhan City, China

As one of the essential urban open spaces, lakes usually contribute immensely to the quality of residents′ daily lives. Different from hedonic approach employed in existing researches on urban open spaces in China, this paper integrates housing price surface with road density to analyze the spatial characteristics in proximity to urban lakes in Wuhan City, China. With the expansion of Wuhan City, urban lakes became polluted, they shrunk or even disappeared, leading to unfavorable conditions for sustainable development of the city. To better understand the spatial relationship between the city and lakes, we classify the urban lakes in Wuhan central area into ′lakes in the urban center′ and ′lakes in urban fringe′. Based on housing price surface we explore the spatial characteristics in proximity to different lakes and differences between the lakes. We also use Geographic Information System(GIS) tool to calculate road density as a supplementary indicator to reflect the accessibility in proximity to urban lakes. The results indicate that relative independence exists between different towns, and the spatial characteristics are different depending on scales and locations. In most of cases, the road density is lower where closer to the lakeshore while the housing price exhibits an opposite pattern. We conclude that city governments and urban planners should give more considerations to these spatial differences, somewhere should be better planned and protected as an important waterfront and somewhere the control of unreasonable real estate development nearby should be strengthened.

守住你的一亩三分田

你的职位是人民给予你的信任 你的薪酬是人民的血汗兑现 守住你的一亩三分田 让娇艳的花儿轻绽

Obsidians from Latium Settlements： Preliminary Study on Provenance and Supplying Dynamics Indexes

There are essentially six sources for obsidians in the Mediterranean Basin： Mount Arci in Sardinia, the islands of Lipari and Pantelleria in Sicily and Palmarola in Latium, as well as the islands of Melos and Gyali in the south-eastern part of Greece. Identification and quantification of principal and trace elements which compose this volcanic glass allow source tracking. The present study proposes a investigation methodology, which was developed on a sample set composed by archaeological obsidian findings from Neolithic sites in Latium; three different analytical techniques are compared： SEM-EDXS, ED-XRF and LA-ICP-MS, in order to gather a wide data set to be compared with data in literature and to be processed by Principal Component Analysis （PCA） for assigning a provenance to each find.

The application of the BP neural network in the housing demand model

Real estate is the ＂barometer＂ of the national economy, this paper studies the formation of the current domestic real estate prices and the inner mechanism of the influence factors, using the principal component analysis to determine the composition of the real estate market development index model, and the BP neural network model is established, with specific data analysis which verifies the correctness and practicability of the model.

Residence Time Distribution at Laminar Pulsatile Flow in a Straight Pipe

This paper deals with the problem of theoretical identification of the residence time distribution （RTD） characteristics of a straight pipe at laminar pulsatile flow, if tracer diffusion can be neglected. This situation is typical for micro-apparatuses （e.g. fluidic element） and also for flow in large arteries. Residence time distribution based on velocity profiles at pulsatile flow of a Newtonian liquid in a rigid pipe will be derived theoretically and compared with the well known results for a constant flow rate E（τ） = τ-^2/2τ^3 at τ 〉 τ^-/2, where E （τ） is differential distribution, x is residence time and τ^- is the mean residence time. The following part of the paper deals stimulus response experimental techniques using tracers. The principal problem related to laminar and convection dominated pulsatile flows is discussed： Can the impulse response also be identified with the actual residence time distribution in the case of variable flow？ The general answer is no, and differences between RTD and impulse responses are evaluated as a function of the frequency and amplitude of pulsatile flows.

Influence of Artificial Light on Laying Hens Production of Heat, Moisture and Carbon Dioxide in a Floor Housing System

Investigations about laying hens reactions on artificial light conditions were carried out in a climate chamber equipped with a floor housing system for laying hens. The release of moisture increased during light periods probably due to increased activity which increased respiration rate but also on increased scratching which increased evaporation of moisture from bedding material. The daily average was 6.29 g henl h＂l at 4 lux and 5.97 g henl hl, at 93 lux which corresponds to a difference of 5%. The level of light intensity seemed to have little influence on the release of moisture. The total release of heat was slightly higher during light periods compared to dark periods. Explanations can be increased activity but also feed intake increasing the metabolic rate during light periods. The daily average of total heat production was 17.0 W per hen at 4 lux and 14.7 at 93 lux which corresponds to a difference of 16%. The release of carbon dioxide increased during light periods probably due to increased activity and respiration.

A Study on Additional Electric Energy Accommodation of Three Gorges Hydropower Station

Considering the additional electric energy generated after the full operation of the underground hydropower station, the electric energy accommodation of the Three Gorges Project （TGP） is reviewed. It is .focused on the additional electricity accommodation, based on the research at the earl）, stage. The electric energ）, accommodation solutions ate recommended as that. based on the cost-benefit analysis of the power distribution area, the additional electric energy of the Three Gorges should be given ptqority to meet the needs at the supply end of Hubei and Chongqing. The results of this research has a reference value on the implementation of the Three Gorges electric power accommodation, after the further optimization of the transmission curves in both wet and dry seasons.