Objective:To explore the effects of dopamine receptor D2(DRD2)on astrocytic dedifferentiation based on SOX2-regulated genes in neural stem cells(NSCs)and astrocytes.Methods:Immunofluorescence staining and SOX2-GFP mic...Objective:To explore the effects of dopamine receptor D2(DRD2)on astrocytic dedifferentiation based on SOX2-regulated genes in neural stem cells(NSCs)and astrocytes.Methods:Immunofluorescence staining and SOX2-GFP mice were used to examine the lineage differentiation of SOX2-positive cells during the development of cerebral cortex.Primary NSCs/astrocytes culture,ChIP-seq and Western Blot were adopted to analyze and verify the expression of candidate genes.Pharmacological manipulation,neurosphere formation,photochemical ischemia,immunofluorescence staining and behavior tests were adopted to evaluate the effects of activating DRD2 signaling on astrocytic dedifferentiation.Results:Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the NSC-astrocyte switch of SOX2-expression in the normal development of cerebral cortex.ChIP-seq revealed enrichment of DRD2 signaling by SOX2-bound enhancers in NSCs and SOX2-bound promoters in astrocytes.Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining verified the expression of DRD2 in NSCs and reactive astrocytes.Application of quinagolide hydrocholoride(QH),an agonist of DRD2,significantly promoted astrocytic dedifferentiation both in vitro and in vivo following ischemia.In addition,quinagolide hydrocholoride treatment improved locomotion recovery.Conclusion:Activating DRD2 signaling facilitates astrocytic dedifferentiation and may be used to treat ischemic stroke.展开更多
DNA sequences from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I （mtDNA CO I） were used to estimate the genetic variability in two wild populations and two cultured populations of the hard shelled mussel, Myti...DNA sequences from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I （mtDNA CO I） were used to estimate the genetic variability in two wild populations and two cultured populations of the hard shelled mussel, Mytilus coruscus. Thirty haplotypes were identified in the four populations. The cultured populations exhibited a lower number of haplotypes and genetic diversity than those of the wild populations, suggesting that a small number of effective founding breeders contributed to the genetic variation of the cultured populations. No significant differentiation was observed between the cultured population and local wild population, implying that persistent gene flow occurred in these populations. This genetic survey is intended as a baseline for future genetic monitoring of M. coruseus aquaculture stocks.展开更多
X-ray microanalysis was used to study the elemental composition of the shell of the freshwater testate amoeba Difflugia tuberspinifera Hu et al.,1997 collected from Mulan Lake,Hubei province,China in July 2003.The res...X-ray microanalysis was used to study the elemental composition of the shell of the freshwater testate amoeba Difflugia tuberspinifera Hu et al.,1997 collected from Mulan Lake,Hubei province,China in July 2003.The results show that the shell is composed of ten elements:Si in greater quantity;then Ca and Al;and traces of K,Na,Cl,Fe,Mg,S and P.The analysis of results suggests that D.tuberspinifera in elemental composition appears to occupy a middle position between marine and soil testate amoebae.展开更多
The Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers were used to stu dy the intra-specific diversity and regional differentiation of the Chinese fore st frogs (Rana chensinensis), which were sampled from the fields o...The Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers were used to stu dy the intra-specific diversity and regional differentiation of the Chinese fore st frogs (Rana chensinensis), which were sampled from the fields of 8 regions in Heilongjiang Province. Totally 78 polymorphic DNA loci were amplified by 10 RAP D primers. By genetic distance analysis and phylogenetic tree reconstruction wit h the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method the results showed that the populations of Ch inese forest frogs distributed in 8 regions existed great differentiation (Avera ge Fst=0.347, SD=0.235) while there was the paradox between geographic distances and genetic distances. Based on geographic and geological data, a hypothesis wa s posed that it is very possible that the hilly lands in the downstream of the S onghua River and the Heilong River were the center of the origin of the Chinese forest frogs in Heilongjiang Province. And mainly through the Songhua River syst em, the Chinese forest frogs dispersed into the Songneng Plain from the Sanjiang Plain whereas the Fangzheng region became a sub-center for the western dispersi on.展开更多
Optimized the experimental conditions of determination of trace iodine in soil in chloramine T-Tetrabase system, and analysis the national standards material, the results showed that the measured values was to be iden...Optimized the experimental conditions of determination of trace iodine in soil in chloramine T-Tetrabase system, and analysis the national standards material, the results showed that the measured values was to be identical with recommended values with a detection limit of 0.16 μg/g, and the relative standard deviation was less than 8%, the whole process was short in time and simple, so it was applicable to the determination of trace iodine in batches.展开更多
In vitro regeneration systems of Atrichum mosses, Atrichurn undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. and A. undulatum var. minus (Hedw.) Par. were established. After one month, soft, friable and green calli were induced successful...In vitro regeneration systems of Atrichum mosses, Atrichurn undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. and A. undulatum var. minus (Hedw.) Par. were established. After one month, soft, friable and green calli were induced successfully from inoculated protonema of Atrichum mosses on MS medium containing glucose (4%) and 6-BA (0.2-2.0 mg/L). The suitable culture medium for the callus induction and regular subculture was MS medium with 1.0-2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 4% glucose. The calli of Atrichum mosses developed into protonema, when it was transferred to phytohormone-free MS medium with 4% glucose. Meanwhile, the calli developed into erect gametophytes through protonema phase on carbohydrate-free Benecke medium.展开更多
In order to eliminate semantic heterogeneity and implement semantic combination in web information integration, the classification ontology is introduced into web information integration. It constructs a standard clas...In order to eliminate semantic heterogeneity and implement semantic combination in web information integration, the classification ontology is introduced into web information integration. It constructs a standard classification ontology based on web-glossary by extracting classified structures of websites and building mappings between them in order to get unified views. Mapping is defined by calculating concept subordinate matching degrees, concept associate matching degrees and concept dominate matching degrees. A web information integration system is realized, which can effectively solve the problem of classification semantic heterogeneity and implement the integration of web information source and the personal configuration of users.展开更多
The fermentation with mold metarrhizium anisopliae has been carried out to determine the relationship between mycelial morphology and growth.Like the biomass concentration,the mycelial morphology seems to be coupled t...The fermentation with mold metarrhizium anisopliae has been carried out to determine the relationship between mycelial morphology and growth.Like the biomass concentration,the mycelial morphology seems to be coupled to growth phases:the fractal dimension,a feature calculated from the morphological images,increases during the late lag phase and the early exponential phase,and culminates at a value near 2.4 at half of the exponential phase.This can be attributed to the marked change of rough and smooth pellet proportions during growth and the change can be well expressed by the fractal analysis of mycelial morphology.The mycelial morphology is also strongly related to the biotransformation activity:a mycelial sample was withdrawn from the culture to use for fractal analysis before the steroid substrate (16α,17α epoxy 4 pregnene 3,20 dione) was added;the higher fractal dimension corresponds to the higher conversion rate of steroid biotransformation.And the maximum of fractal dimension appeared prior to the maximum of biomass concentration.It is therefore possible to utilize the fractal dimension curve to supervise the fermentation process more timely and availably than to use the conventional biomass curve to do.展开更多
Partial-depleted SOI(silicon on insulator) nMOS devices are fabricated with and without silicide technology,respectively.Off-state breakdown characteristics of these devices are presented with and without body contact...Partial-depleted SOI(silicon on insulator) nMOS devices are fabricated with and without silicide technology,respectively.Off-state breakdown characteristics of these devices are presented with and without body contact,respectively.By means of two-dimension(2D) device simulation and measuring junction breakdown of the drain and the body,the difference and limitation of the breakdown characteristics of devices with two technologies are analyzed and explained in details.Based on this,a method is proposed to improve off-state breakdown characteristics of PDSOI nMOS devices.展开更多
The COP9 signalosome and the regulatory lid of the 26S proteasome are both eight-subunit protein complexes which are present in most eukaryotes. There is a one-to-one relationship between the corresponding subunits of...The COP9 signalosome and the regulatory lid of the 26S proteasome are both eight-subunit protein complexes which are present in most eukaryotes. There is a one-to-one relationship between the corresponding subunits of the two protein complexes in terms of their size and amino acid sequences. Eight groups of subunits from the COP9 signalosome and the proteasome lid complex of different organisms are collected from all the databases at the NCBI website. The corresponding subunits of COP9 signalosome and proteasome lid complex share at least 12% amino acid identity and some conserved regions, and the conserved sites spread evenly over the entire length of the subunits, suggesting that the two complexes have a common evolutionary ancestor. Phylogenetic analyses based on the amino acid sequences of the corresponding subunits of two protein complexes indicate that every tree consists of two clades. The subunits from one of the two protein complexes of different organisms are grouped into one of the two clades respectively. The sequences of single-cell organisms are always the basal groups to that of multi-cell animal and plant species. These results imply that the duplication/divergence events of COP9 signalosome and regulatory lid of the proteasome genes have occurred before the divergence of single-cell and multi-cell eukaryotes, and the genes of the two complexes are independently evolved. The analyses of dN/dS correlation show significant Pearson's correlations between 21 and 15 pairs of subunit-encoding sequences within the COP9 signalosome and the proteasome lid complex respectively, suggesting that those subunits pairs might have related functions and interacted with one another, and resulted in co-evolution.展开更多
This paper is attempted to explore advanced English teaching from perspective of text analysis. It involves the introduction of culture background, the application of genre-based approach, the appreciation of writing ...This paper is attempted to explore advanced English teaching from perspective of text analysis. It involves the introduction of culture background, the application of genre-based approach, the appreciation of writing style and the analysis of textual structure through sample studies.展开更多
Aim To study the chemical constituents from Coriolus versicolor L.. Methods Chromatographic techniques were employed for separation and purification. The structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analys...Aim To study the chemical constituents from Coriolus versicolor L.. Methods Chromatographic techniques were employed for separation and purification. The structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified as ergosta-7, 22-dien-313 -yl palmitate （1）, ergosta-7, 22-dien-313 -ol （2）, betulic acid （3）, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid （4）, 3- methoxy-4-hydroxy benzoic acid （5）, 3, 5-dimethoxyl-4-hydroxy benzoic acid （6）, 2-furoic acid （7）, and nicotinic acid （8）. Conclusion Eight compounds were reported for the first time from Coriolus versicolor L..展开更多
To investigate chromosome differentiation of genome A and B between common wheat and wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides (Koern.) Bowden), the authors conducted a RFLP analysis of the two species usin...To investigate chromosome differentiation of genome A and B between common wheat and wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides (Koern.) Bowden), the authors conducted a RFLP analysis of the two species using 153 genomic, cDNA and chromosome_specific probes. 75.8% of the probes had detected hybridization polymorphism in at least one of the five restriction enzymes. However, the polymorphic probes were unevenly distributed among different homoeologous groups, between different genomes and in different regions of a single chromosome. Homoeologous group 1 possessed the highest level of polymorphism (96.2%), followed by group 6 and 2 (84.6% and 82.1% respectively). In contrast, only 60%-67% of probes of the other four groups was polymorphic. In most groups the number of probes capable of detecting B chromosome polymorphism was slightly higher than that revealing A chromosome difference (totally 51.8% vs 43.1%). In a single chromosome, RFLP was predominant in the distal region (65.1%) and showed a decreasing trend from the proximal (46.2%) to the pericentric (42.4%) regions. The results suggest that there exists a substantial amount of DNA polymorphism between the A and B chromosomes of common wheat and those of wild emmer wheat, indicating that a considerable degree of genetic differentiation has taken place in the A and B genoms of two species during evolution from wild emmer to common wheat. The extent of the genetic differentiation may vary among different homoeologous groups, between A and B chromosomes and in different regions of individual chromosome.展开更多
The chemical compositions of volatile oil from fruiting body of Armillaria luteo-virens in Qinghai Province were firstly analyzed with GC-MS and its relevant compositions were detected by calculating chromatographic p...The chemical compositions of volatile oil from fruiting body of Armillaria luteo-virens in Qinghai Province were firstly analyzed with GC-MS and its relevant compositions were detected by calculating chromatographic peak area with normalized method. 21 peaks were separated and 13 compositions were identified which were mainly unsaturated fatty acids, taking 97.1% of the total volatile oil.展开更多
文摘Objective:To explore the effects of dopamine receptor D2(DRD2)on astrocytic dedifferentiation based on SOX2-regulated genes in neural stem cells(NSCs)and astrocytes.Methods:Immunofluorescence staining and SOX2-GFP mice were used to examine the lineage differentiation of SOX2-positive cells during the development of cerebral cortex.Primary NSCs/astrocytes culture,ChIP-seq and Western Blot were adopted to analyze and verify the expression of candidate genes.Pharmacological manipulation,neurosphere formation,photochemical ischemia,immunofluorescence staining and behavior tests were adopted to evaluate the effects of activating DRD2 signaling on astrocytic dedifferentiation.Results:Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the NSC-astrocyte switch of SOX2-expression in the normal development of cerebral cortex.ChIP-seq revealed enrichment of DRD2 signaling by SOX2-bound enhancers in NSCs and SOX2-bound promoters in astrocytes.Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining verified the expression of DRD2 in NSCs and reactive astrocytes.Application of quinagolide hydrocholoride(QH),an agonist of DRD2,significantly promoted astrocytic dedifferentiation both in vitro and in vivo following ischemia.In addition,quinagolide hydrocholoride treatment improved locomotion recovery.Conclusion:Activating DRD2 signaling facilitates astrocytic dedifferentiation and may be used to treat ischemic stroke.
基金Supported by grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program (2006AA10A410)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Y1101)Shanghai Research Fund for the Excellent Youth Scholar (B81010615)
文摘DNA sequences from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I （mtDNA CO I） were used to estimate the genetic variability in two wild populations and two cultured populations of the hard shelled mussel, Mytilus coruscus. Thirty haplotypes were identified in the four populations. The cultured populations exhibited a lower number of haplotypes and genetic diversity than those of the wild populations, suggesting that a small number of effective founding breeders contributed to the genetic variation of the cultured populations. No significant differentiation was observed between the cultured population and local wild population, implying that persistent gene flow occurred in these populations. This genetic survey is intended as a baseline for future genetic monitoring of M. coruseus aquaculture stocks.
文摘X-ray microanalysis was used to study the elemental composition of the shell of the freshwater testate amoeba Difflugia tuberspinifera Hu et al.,1997 collected from Mulan Lake,Hubei province,China in July 2003.The results show that the shell is composed of ten elements:Si in greater quantity;then Ca and Al;and traces of K,Na,Cl,Fe,Mg,S and P.The analysis of results suggests that D.tuberspinifera in elemental composition appears to occupy a middle position between marine and soil testate amoebae.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C9726).
文摘The Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers were used to stu dy the intra-specific diversity and regional differentiation of the Chinese fore st frogs (Rana chensinensis), which were sampled from the fields of 8 regions in Heilongjiang Province. Totally 78 polymorphic DNA loci were amplified by 10 RAP D primers. By genetic distance analysis and phylogenetic tree reconstruction wit h the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method the results showed that the populations of Ch inese forest frogs distributed in 8 regions existed great differentiation (Avera ge Fst=0.347, SD=0.235) while there was the paradox between geographic distances and genetic distances. Based on geographic and geological data, a hypothesis wa s posed that it is very possible that the hilly lands in the downstream of the S onghua River and the Heilong River were the center of the origin of the Chinese forest frogs in Heilongjiang Province. And mainly through the Songhua River syst em, the Chinese forest frogs dispersed into the Songneng Plain from the Sanjiang Plain whereas the Fangzheng region became a sub-center for the western dispersi on.
文摘Optimized the experimental conditions of determination of trace iodine in soil in chloramine T-Tetrabase system, and analysis the national standards material, the results showed that the measured values was to be identical with recommended values with a detection limit of 0.16 μg/g, and the relative standard deviation was less than 8%, the whole process was short in time and simple, so it was applicable to the determination of trace iodine in batches.
文摘In vitro regeneration systems of Atrichum mosses, Atrichurn undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. and A. undulatum var. minus (Hedw.) Par. were established. After one month, soft, friable and green calli were induced successfully from inoculated protonema of Atrichum mosses on MS medium containing glucose (4%) and 6-BA (0.2-2.0 mg/L). The suitable culture medium for the callus induction and regular subculture was MS medium with 1.0-2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 4% glucose. The calli of Atrichum mosses developed into protonema, when it was transferred to phytohormone-free MS medium with 4% glucose. Meanwhile, the calli developed into erect gametophytes through protonema phase on carbohydrate-free Benecke medium.
基金The National Key Technologies R&D Program ofChina during the10th Five-Year Plan Period (No.2004BA721A05).
文摘In order to eliminate semantic heterogeneity and implement semantic combination in web information integration, the classification ontology is introduced into web information integration. It constructs a standard classification ontology based on web-glossary by extracting classified structures of websites and building mappings between them in order to get unified views. Mapping is defined by calculating concept subordinate matching degrees, concept associate matching degrees and concept dominate matching degrees. A web information integration system is realized, which can effectively solve the problem of classification semantic heterogeneity and implement the integration of web information source and the personal configuration of users.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China forYoung Researcher !(No.2 960 60 0 8) Tianjin Natural ScienceFoundation!
文摘The fermentation with mold metarrhizium anisopliae has been carried out to determine the relationship between mycelial morphology and growth.Like the biomass concentration,the mycelial morphology seems to be coupled to growth phases:the fractal dimension,a feature calculated from the morphological images,increases during the late lag phase and the early exponential phase,and culminates at a value near 2.4 at half of the exponential phase.This can be attributed to the marked change of rough and smooth pellet proportions during growth and the change can be well expressed by the fractal analysis of mycelial morphology.The mycelial morphology is also strongly related to the biotransformation activity:a mycelial sample was withdrawn from the culture to use for fractal analysis before the steroid substrate (16α,17α epoxy 4 pregnene 3,20 dione) was added;the higher fractal dimension corresponds to the higher conversion rate of steroid biotransformation.And the maximum of fractal dimension appeared prior to the maximum of biomass concentration.It is therefore possible to utilize the fractal dimension curve to supervise the fermentation process more timely and availably than to use the conventional biomass curve to do.
文摘Partial-depleted SOI(silicon on insulator) nMOS devices are fabricated with and without silicide technology,respectively.Off-state breakdown characteristics of these devices are presented with and without body contact,respectively.By means of two-dimension(2D) device simulation and measuring junction breakdown of the drain and the body,the difference and limitation of the breakdown characteristics of devices with two technologies are analyzed and explained in details.Based on this,a method is proposed to improve off-state breakdown characteristics of PDSOI nMOS devices.
文摘The COP9 signalosome and the regulatory lid of the 26S proteasome are both eight-subunit protein complexes which are present in most eukaryotes. There is a one-to-one relationship between the corresponding subunits of the two protein complexes in terms of their size and amino acid sequences. Eight groups of subunits from the COP9 signalosome and the proteasome lid complex of different organisms are collected from all the databases at the NCBI website. The corresponding subunits of COP9 signalosome and proteasome lid complex share at least 12% amino acid identity and some conserved regions, and the conserved sites spread evenly over the entire length of the subunits, suggesting that the two complexes have a common evolutionary ancestor. Phylogenetic analyses based on the amino acid sequences of the corresponding subunits of two protein complexes indicate that every tree consists of two clades. The subunits from one of the two protein complexes of different organisms are grouped into one of the two clades respectively. The sequences of single-cell organisms are always the basal groups to that of multi-cell animal and plant species. These results imply that the duplication/divergence events of COP9 signalosome and regulatory lid of the proteasome genes have occurred before the divergence of single-cell and multi-cell eukaryotes, and the genes of the two complexes are independently evolved. The analyses of dN/dS correlation show significant Pearson's correlations between 21 and 15 pairs of subunit-encoding sequences within the COP9 signalosome and the proteasome lid complex respectively, suggesting that those subunits pairs might have related functions and interacted with one another, and resulted in co-evolution.
文摘This paper is attempted to explore advanced English teaching from perspective of text analysis. It involves the introduction of culture background, the application of genre-based approach, the appreciation of writing style and the analysis of textual structure through sample studies.
基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innova-tive Team in University (985-2-063-112).
文摘Aim To study the chemical constituents from Coriolus versicolor L.. Methods Chromatographic techniques were employed for separation and purification. The structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified as ergosta-7, 22-dien-313 -yl palmitate （1）, ergosta-7, 22-dien-313 -ol （2）, betulic acid （3）, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid （4）, 3- methoxy-4-hydroxy benzoic acid （5）, 3, 5-dimethoxyl-4-hydroxy benzoic acid （6）, 2-furoic acid （7）, and nicotinic acid （8）. Conclusion Eight compounds were reported for the first time from Coriolus versicolor L..
文摘To investigate chromosome differentiation of genome A and B between common wheat and wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides (Koern.) Bowden), the authors conducted a RFLP analysis of the two species using 153 genomic, cDNA and chromosome_specific probes. 75.8% of the probes had detected hybridization polymorphism in at least one of the five restriction enzymes. However, the polymorphic probes were unevenly distributed among different homoeologous groups, between different genomes and in different regions of a single chromosome. Homoeologous group 1 possessed the highest level of polymorphism (96.2%), followed by group 6 and 2 (84.6% and 82.1% respectively). In contrast, only 60%-67% of probes of the other four groups was polymorphic. In most groups the number of probes capable of detecting B chromosome polymorphism was slightly higher than that revealing A chromosome difference (totally 51.8% vs 43.1%). In a single chromosome, RFLP was predominant in the distal region (65.1%) and showed a decreasing trend from the proximal (46.2%) to the pericentric (42.4%) regions. The results suggest that there exists a substantial amount of DNA polymorphism between the A and B chromosomes of common wheat and those of wild emmer wheat, indicating that a considerable degree of genetic differentiation has taken place in the A and B genoms of two species during evolution from wild emmer to common wheat. The extent of the genetic differentiation may vary among different homoeologous groups, between A and B chromosomes and in different regions of individual chromosome.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30460083)the Key Science and Technology Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (205164)~~
文摘The chemical compositions of volatile oil from fruiting body of Armillaria luteo-virens in Qinghai Province were firstly analyzed with GC-MS and its relevant compositions were detected by calculating chromatographic peak area with normalized method. 21 peaks were separated and 13 compositions were identified which were mainly unsaturated fatty acids, taking 97.1% of the total volatile oil.
