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干涉光谱仪中棱镜的分光特性 被引量:6
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作者 陈西园 单明 《光学技术》 EI CAS CSCD 2004年第1期58-60,共3页
对光波在Wollaston棱镜中的传播特性进行了深入的分析,得出了关于光波法线和光线的折射方向、折射率的解析表达式。对不同入射位置和不同入射角下o光与e光之间的光程差进行了计算机模拟,给出了相应的关系曲线。结果表明光程差与入射位... 对光波在Wollaston棱镜中的传播特性进行了深入的分析,得出了关于光波法线和光线的折射方向、折射率的解析表达式。对不同入射位置和不同入射角下o光与e光之间的光程差进行了计算机模拟,给出了相应的关系曲线。结果表明光程差与入射位置关系具有很好的线性,在切割角不太大的条件下光程差与入射角的关系也具有较好的线性。为双折射型空间调制干涉光谱仪的设计和应用提供了理论依据。 展开更多
关键词 干涉谱仪 双折射 程差 WOLLASTON棱镜 计算机模拟 分光特性
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农产品分光反射特性及近红外图像处理在农业中的应用 被引量:15
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作者 何东健 杨青 +1 位作者 薛少平 熊运章 《农业工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 1996年第4期80-84,共5页
简要介绍了农产品分光反射特性的测定原理及方法;分析了桃、梨、黄瓜及西瓜等果实的近红外分光反射特性;阐述了近红外图像处理系统硬件的基本要求;介绍了近红外图像处理在果实损伤检测。
关键词 水果 分光特性 近红外图像 图像处理
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双Wollaston棱镜分光特性的研究 被引量:2
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作者 陈西园 单明 《应用激光》 CSCD 北大核心 2003年第3期161-163,159,共4页
对双Wollaston棱镜中光波的传播特性进行了细致和深入的分析 ,给出了棱镜中生成的两束光光程差的具体表达式 ,为偏振型空间调制干涉光谱仪的设计和应用提供了理论依据。在不同切割角条件下 ,对光程差与入射角的关系进行了计算机模拟。... 对双Wollaston棱镜中光波的传播特性进行了细致和深入的分析 ,给出了棱镜中生成的两束光光程差的具体表达式 ,为偏振型空间调制干涉光谱仪的设计和应用提供了理论依据。在不同切割角条件下 ,对光程差与入射角的关系进行了计算机模拟。模拟结果表明光程差和入射角的关系具有较好的线性 ,切割角越大的线性越好。但是切割角大 ,光容易从棱镜侧面逸出。选择必要的切割角。 展开更多
关键词 WOLLASTON棱镜 分光特性 传播特性 应用 干涉谱仪 程差
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铑四元配合物的生成及其分光光度特性 被引量:9
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作者 巩雄 宋玉民 潘玉诚 《贵金属》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 1990年第1期41-43,共3页
1.引言铑在SnCl_2的HCl介质中,生成红色三元配合物〔 Cl Cl Rh SnCl_3 SnCl_3 〕-.本文在此基础上研究了Rh(Ⅱ)-SnCl_2-HCl-R(R=R6G)体系.实验证明,在1.2~3.2mol/L HCl介质中,生成紫红色四元配合物,其组成比1∶2,稳定达48h,配合物的吸... 1.引言铑在SnCl_2的HCl介质中,生成红色三元配合物〔 Cl Cl Rh SnCl_3 SnCl_3 〕-.本文在此基础上研究了Rh(Ⅱ)-SnCl_2-HCl-R(R=R6G)体系.实验证明,在1.2~3.2mol/L HCl介质中,生成紫红色四元配合物,其组成比1∶2,稳定达48h,配合物的吸收峰为560nm,试剂为520nm.采用差示双波长分光光度分析法,可在某些铂族离子的存在下,直接测定Rh含量. 展开更多
关键词 四元配合物 生成 特性
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熔石英棱镜的色散特性和在固体激光器中的应用
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作者 周城 张中士 张海琨 《激光技术》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2005年第6期615-616,635,共3页
论述了熔石英三棱镜的分光特性,得到了随着入射光波长λ的增加两谱线之间的夹角Δθ逐渐减小;随着入射光波长差Δλ和所用棱镜顶角A的增大两谱线之间的夹角Δθ逐渐增大这一非常重要的结论。在此基础上介绍了熔石英三棱镜在LD抽运固体... 论述了熔石英三棱镜的分光特性,得到了随着入射光波长λ的增加两谱线之间的夹角Δθ逐渐减小;随着入射光波长差Δλ和所用棱镜顶角A的增大两谱线之间的夹角Δθ逐渐增大这一非常重要的结论。在此基础上介绍了熔石英三棱镜在LD抽运固体激光器中的分光、估算和较粗略鉴定波长、制造多波长激光器的应用。 展开更多
关键词 熔石英棱镜 色散 固体激 分光特性
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具有高激光损伤阈值的光栅分光薄膜
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作者 李小丽 沈军 +2 位作者 李佛生 周斌 王珏 《原子能科学技术》 EI CAS CSCD 2002年第4期331-334,共4页
为惯性约束聚变 (ICF)实验中利用光栅分光特性间接探测激光功率研究 ,制备具有高激光损伤阈值的光栅分光ZrO2 薄膜。采用水热法制备纳米ZrO2 溶胶 ,在 80~ 10 0℃下 ,以 2 0m /min速度涂敷制备出厚 1~ 2 μm、折射率为 1 5 7~ 1 70... 为惯性约束聚变 (ICF)实验中利用光栅分光特性间接探测激光功率研究 ,制备具有高激光损伤阈值的光栅分光ZrO2 薄膜。采用水热法制备纳米ZrO2 溶胶 ,在 80~ 10 0℃下 ,以 2 0m /min速度涂敷制备出厚 1~ 2 μm、折射率为 1 5 7~ 1 70、表面粗糙度 2 3nm、激光损伤阈值为 2 5~ 3 0J/cm2 (1ns ,1 0 6μm)的ZrO2 薄膜。采用Ar+ 激光器双光束干涉曝光技术制备光栅掩膜板 ,光栅周期为 1~ 2 μm ,深度 70~ 10 0nm。通过电镀工艺将光栅结构转移至镍板上 ,经连续模压 ,最终制备出光栅分光ZrO2 薄膜。分析了光栅周期、模压深度及薄膜折射率等因素对光栅一级衍射效率的影响。制备出的光栅分光ZrO2 展开更多
关键词 损伤阈值 ZRO2薄膜 惯性约束聚变 分光特性 电镀 功率测量
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10×10InGaAsP/InP阵列波导光栅器件的研制
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作者 雷红兵 于丽娟 +3 位作者 陆巧银 国伟华 韩春林 黄永箴 《高技术通讯》 EI CAS CSCD 2003年第6期49-50,共2页
研制了脊形波导结构的10×10InGaAsP/InP阵列波导光栅器件(AWG),并采用掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)作宽带光源测量了AWG的近场图以及分光特性。
关键词 波导栅器件 铟镓砷磷/铟磷阵列 复用技术 掺铒纤放大器 宽带 近场图 分光特性 纤网络通信
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医学内窥镜图像横条纹噪声分析及解决方法 被引量:1
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作者 王威 杨静 刘西振 《计算机仿真》 CSCD 北大核心 2012年第1期234-237,373,共5页
针对CCD型医学电子内窥镜在饱和信号附近出现的横条纹噪声,图像信息的正确性影响,传统的解决方法会产生图像细节模糊和边缘锯齿化。为提高视觉质量和较低的算法复杂度、运算量,为此,提出了一种根据最近邻边缘检测信号补偿去除横条纹噪... 针对CCD型医学电子内窥镜在饱和信号附近出现的横条纹噪声,图像信息的正确性影响,传统的解决方法会产生图像细节模糊和边缘锯齿化。为提高视觉质量和较低的算法复杂度、运算量,为此,提出了一种根据最近邻边缘检测信号补偿去除横条纹噪声的算法。首先从理论上分析了由于分光特性而产生横条纹噪声的原因,通过利用分光特性信息,判别像素空间信号饱和状态,并采用最近邻边缘检测,有效解决图像的横条纹噪声及边缘模糊等问题。实验证明,方法有效地去除了横条纹噪声并很好地保留了图像的边缘和细节信息,同时运算复杂度低,具有实时性处理的特性,对于实际工程应用有参考价值。 展开更多
关键词 医学电子内窥镜 横条纹噪声 分光特性 边缘检测 噪声去除
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可调谐激光波长的光栅识别技术 被引量:1
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作者 陈亚楠 冯海青 《光电技术应用》 2006年第1期17-19,共3页
基于光栅的分光特性,采用线阵CCD器件对可调谐激光进行波长实时识别,从而实现多波长激光或者可调谐激光的测量.首先对光栅分光特性进行了研究,利用其衍射原理,使入射的不同波长激光出射后,被会聚到焦平面的CCD上不同的位置.通过试验和... 基于光栅的分光特性,采用线阵CCD器件对可调谐激光进行波长实时识别,从而实现多波长激光或者可调谐激光的测量.首先对光栅分光特性进行了研究,利用其衍射原理,使入射的不同波长激光出射后,被会聚到焦平面的CCD上不同的位置.通过试验和结果分析,验证了这一波长识别方法. 展开更多
关键词 可调谐 波长识别 分光特性
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云台1m镜PI1024TKB CCD UBVRI测光系统 被引量:1
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作者 杨毓兰 李立芳 《云南天文台台刊》 CSCD 1999年第1期32-35,共4页
给出了云南天文台1m望远镜PI1024TKBCCDUBVRI测光系统的光谱响应曲线、中心波长和半宽。
关键词 CCD UBVRI系统 响应特性 望远镜 系统
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三角形弯晶单色器的分光及聚焦特性研究 被引量:1
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作者 郑文莉 姜晓明 +2 位作者 武家扬 景毓辉 刘功淳 《高能物理与核物理》 CSCD 北大核心 1995年第9期858-864,共7页
北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)的4W1C光束线用斜切角为12.16°的三角形Si(111)、Si(220)和Si(422)晶体在衍射角为23.65°时选择0.252nm、0.154nm和0.089nm波长的单色... 北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)的4W1C光束线用斜切角为12.16°的三角形Si(111)、Si(220)和Si(422)晶体在衍射角为23.65°时选择0.252nm、0.154nm和0.089nm波长的单色X光.三角形晶体压弯成柱面,可实现单色光水平方向的聚焦,为漫散射实验站提供聚焦的单色X光.解析计算和SHADOW软件包进行追踪的结果与实验测试结果符合得很好. 展开更多
关键词 同步辐射 弯晶单色器 分光特性 聚焦特性
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Influences of Drought Stress on Photosynthesis in Flaveria bidentis 被引量:1
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作者 王秀彦 阎海霞 黄大庄 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2011年第3期350-353,358,共5页
[Objective] Through the discussion of diurnal changes of photosynthesis of Flaveria bidentis at the seedling stage under different soil moisture conditions,photosynthetic physiological basis of Flaveria bidentis to ad... [Objective] Through the discussion of diurnal changes of photosynthesis of Flaveria bidentis at the seedling stage under different soil moisture conditions,photosynthetic physiological basis of Flaveria bidentis to adjust to drought stress is investigated in order to provide a theoretical basis for prevention of further invasion. [Method] The seeds of Flaveria bidentis were planted in plastic buckets laid within all-transparent canopy. It was set with 3 soil moisture treatments,that is,the soil relative water contents (SRWC) were 80% (CK),60% (T1),30% (T2) of field maximum moisture capacity. Photosynthetic parameters and diurnal changes of relevant ecological factors of Flaveria bidentis at the seedling stage were measured and the differences between different treatments were compared. [Result] Under CK treatment,the diurnal changing curve of Pn of Flaveria bidentis was basically in a "bimodal" shape,while under T1 and T2 treatment,Pn was a "unimodal" curve. At about 11:30 am,CK reaches its first peak value of 31.83 μmol/(m2·s) and its second peak value of 23.34 μmol/(m2·s) appears at 15:30. At 13:30 T1 and T2 have their peak values. The diurnal changes of Tr of Flaveria bidentis leaves in the three treatments are all in a unimodal curve. There are no significant differences between CK and T2 treatments,while the diurnal water use efficiency in T1 treatment is obviously below the ones in CK and T2 treatments. [Conclusion] Drought stress reduces Pn,Tr,Sc and other physiological indices of Flaveria bidentis. The reason why Pn is reduced is due to both stoma and non-stoma factors. Drought stress also postpones the appearance of Pn peak value. Proper drought can efficiently promote water use efficiency of Flaveria bidentis and cause its anti-drought reaction. 展开更多
关键词 Flaveria bidentis Soil moisture PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Effects of Doubled_CO_2 Concentration on Ultrastructure, Supramolecular Architecture and Spectral Characteristics of Chloroplasts from Wheat 被引量:1
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作者 左宝玉 张泉 +2 位作者 姜桂珍 白克智 匡廷云 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2002年第8期908-912,共5页
Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plants were grown under ambient and doubled_CO 2(plus 350 μL/L) concentration in cylindrical open_top chamber to examine their effects on the ultrastructure, supramolecular architect... Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plants were grown under ambient and doubled_CO 2(plus 350 μL/L) concentration in cylindrical open_top chamber to examine their effects on the ultrastructure, supramolecular architecture, absorption spectrum and low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectrum of the chloroplasts from wheat leaves. The results were briefly summarized as follows: (1) The wheat leaves possessed normally developed chloroplasts with intact grana and stroma thylakoid membranes; The grana intertwined with stroma thylakoid membranes and increased slightly in stacking degree and the width of granum, in spite of more accumulated starch grains within the chloroplasts than those in control; (2) The particle density in the stacked region of the endoplasmic fracture face (EFs) and protoplasmic fracture face (PFs) and in the unstacked region the endoplasmic fracture face (EFu) and the protoplasmic fracture face (PFu) was significantly higher than that of control. Furthermore, in some cases many more particles on EFs faces of thylakoid membranes appeared as a paracrystalline particle array; (3) The variations in the structure of chloroplasts were consistent with the absorption spectra and the low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectra of the chloroplasts developed under the doubled_CO 2 concentration. Results indicate that the capability of light energy absorption of chloroplasts and regulative capability of excitation energy distribution between PSⅡ and PSⅠ were raised by doubled_CO 2 concentration. This is very favorable for final productivity of wheat. 展开更多
关键词 chloroplast wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) doubled_CO 2 concentration ultrastructure and supramolecular architecture absorption spectra low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectra
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Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthesis and Fluorescence Characteristics in Peony 被引量:18
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作者 张锋 孔祥生 +2 位作者 张妙霞 刘兢文 王海华 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2008年第2期101-105,共5页
[ Objective] Study on the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics in peony under water stress. [ Method ] The two peony varieties Huhong and Luoyanghong were treated by different water stress for determining t... [ Objective] Study on the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics in peony under water stress. [ Method ] The two peony varieties Huhong and Luoyanghong were treated by different water stress for determining the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics. [ Result ] With the aggravation of water stress, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased, while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased. Drought could decrease Pn, constrain gas exchange and change the daily photosynthesis. Fo of peony leaf increased and Fv/Fm decreased under water stress especially water logging, causing the inactivation of the PS II reaction center, and the chlorophyll fluorescence characters gradually recovered until afternoon. [ Conclusion] The 75% soil relative water content (SRWC) is the best condition for growth of peony. Compared with drought, water logging is more unfit for the growth of peony. For the two varieties, Huhong assumed more tolerance to drought, accordingly more adaptability. 展开更多
关键词 PEONY Water stress Photosvthetic characteristics Chlorophyll fluorescence
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Study on Effects of Calcium on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Its Subcellular Distribution in Rice at Seeding Stage 被引量:1
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作者 朱国奇 张玉烛 +2 位作者 张岳平 曾翔 张兴怀 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第8期1603-1609,1685,共8页
Using the cultivars with high and low calcium in brown rice as tested ma- terials, the effects of calcium on photosynthetic characteristics and its subcellular dis- tribution in different rice cultivars at seedling st... Using the cultivars with high and low calcium in brown rice as tested ma- terials, the effects of calcium on photosynthetic characteristics and its subcellular dis- tribution in different rice cultivars at seedling stage were investigated with hydrocul- ture method. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate in leaves of high cal- cium cultivar was higher than that low calcium cultivar. The calcium content in leaves of rice was higher than that in roots. Among various tissues and organs, the calcium contents ranked as cell wall〉ribosome and intracellular soluble components〉 plastid (or chloroplasts)〉mitochondria〉nucleus. Cell wall is the most important distri- bution place for calcium, while calcium is rarely distributed in nuclei or mitochon- drias. In all the organelles, the calcium concentrations were all increased with the increased treatment concentration of calcium, especially in high calcium cultivar. The high calcium treatment showed more significant effects on calcium contents in im- portant organelles of high calcium cultivar, so it is speculated that the high calcium cultivar had higher calcium accumulation and tolerance capacities. 展开更多
关键词 RICE CALCIUM Photosynthetic characteristics Subcellular distribution
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Thermal Characterization of 1.3 μm InAsP/InGaAsP Ridge Waveguide MQW Lasers Based on Spectroscopy Method 被引量:2
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作者 NANKJ ZHANGYG 《Semiconductor Photonics and Technology》 CAS 2002年第2期86-91,共6页
An experimental way to analyze the thermal characterization of semiconductor lasers based on spectroscopy method under pulse driving conditions has been developed. By using this way the thermal characteristics of stra... An experimental way to analyze the thermal characterization of semiconductor lasers based on spectroscopy method under pulse driving conditions has been developed. By using this way the thermal characteristics of strain compensated 1.3 μm InAsP/InGaAsP ridge waveguide MQW laser diodes have been investigated. Results show that by measuring and analyzing the lasing spectra under appropriate driving parameters and temperature ranges, the thermal resistance of the laser diodes could be deduced easily. A higher thermal resistance of 640 K/W has been measured on a narrow ridge laser chip without soldering. Other thermal and spectral properties of the lasers have also been measured and discussed. 展开更多
关键词 MQW laser Thermal characterization Ridge waveguide
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Solvent Effects on Spectral Property and Dipole Moment of the Lowest Excited State of Coumarin 343 Dye
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作者 Li-lin Jiang Wei-long Liu +4 位作者 Yun-fei Song Xing He Yang Wang Hong-lin Wu Yan-qiang Yang 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第5期577-584,I0004,共9页
Steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra, and time-resolved fluorescence spectra of coumarin 343 (C343) were measured in different solvents. The effect of the solvent on the spectral properties and dipole mo... Steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra, and time-resolved fluorescence spectra of coumarin 343 (C343) were measured in different solvents. The effect of the solvent on the spectral properties and dipole moment of the lowest excited state of C343 were investigated. It was found that the absorption and fluorescence spectra red-shifted slightly and strongly with increasing solvent polarity, respectively, because the charge distribution of the excited state leaded to the increasing difference between the absorption and fluorescence spectra with increasing solvent polarity. The dipole moment of the lowest excited state of C343 was determined from solvatochromic measurements and the quantum chemical calculation, and the results obtained from these two methods were fully consistent. Investigations of the time-resolved fluorescence of C343 in different solvents indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes increased nearly linearly with 4.45 ns in water. This can be ascribed between C343 and hydrogen donating increasing solvent polarity from 3.09 ns in toluene to to the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions solvents 展开更多
关键词 Time-resolved fluorescence Dipole moment Solvent polarity function Quan-tum chemical calculation Intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction
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Estimation of aerosol properties over the Chinese desert region with MODIS AOD assimilation in a global model
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作者 YIN Xiao-Mei DAI Tie +4 位作者 XIN Jin-Yuan GONG Dao-Yi YANG Jing TERUYUKI Nakajima SHI Guang-Yu 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第1期90-98,共9页
A Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter assimilation system has been implemented into an aerosol-coupled global nonhydrostatic model to simulate the aerosol mass concentration and aerosol optical properties of 3 dese... A Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter assimilation system has been implemented into an aerosol-coupled global nonhydrostatic model to simulate the aerosol mass concentration and aerosol optical properties of 3 desert sites(Ansai, Fukang, Shapotou) in northwestern China. One-month experiment results of April 2006 reveal that the data assimilation can correct the much overestimated aerosol surface mass concentration, and has a strong positive effect on the aerosol optical depth(AOD) simulation, improving agreement with observations. Improvement is limited with the?ngstr€om Exponent(AE) simulation, except for much improved correlation coefficient and model skill scores over the Ansai site. Better agreement of the AOD spatial distribution with the independent observations of Terra(Deep Blue) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer(MISR) AODs is obtained by assimilating the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) AOD product, especially for regions with AODs lower than 0.30. This study confirms the usefulness of the remote sensing observations for the improvement of global aerosol modeling. 展开更多
关键词 Aerosol properties Aerosol assimilation Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer PM10
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Adjustable transmission properties through ring-shaped nanotube arrays using finite-difference time-domain method
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作者 周凤麒 刘志敏 +1 位作者 李宏建 刘二根 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第8期3013-3018,共6页
Metallic ring-shaped nanotube arrays are proposed and its optical transmission properties are studied by using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Compared with the transmission spectra of conventional circ... Metallic ring-shaped nanotube arrays are proposed and its optical transmission properties are studied by using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Compared with the transmission spectra of conventional circular nanotube arrays, two photonic band gaps are emerged in the transmission spectra offing-shaped nanotube arrays, the two band gaps and transmission spectra are adjusted by the length, inner radius, intertube spacing and the dielectric constants of the core and embedding medium, and magnitude modification, redshift and blueshift of the resonance modes are observed. A metallic ring-shaped nanotube arrays for subwavelength band-stop filter in the range of visible light can be achieved. To understand its physical origin, field-interference mechanism was suggested by the field distributions. The proposed nanostructures and results may have great potential applications in subwavelength near-field optics. 展开更多
关键词 ring-shaped nanotube arrays PLASMON transmission spectrum finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) OPTIMIZATION
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Mixed P3HT/PCBM Organic Thin-Film Transistors: Relation between Morphology and Electrical Characteristics
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作者 Khairul Anuar Mohamad Afishah Alias +3 位作者 Ismail Saad Bablu Kumar Gosh Katsuhiro Uesugi Hisashi Fukuda 《Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering》 2014年第5期476-481,共6页
The mixed P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) and [6,6]-PCBM (phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester) organic thin films were investigated for electronic structure using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and PESA (photo-electro... The mixed P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) and [6,6]-PCBM (phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester) organic thin films were investigated for electronic structure using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and PESA (photo-electron spectroscopy in air). Furthermore, ESR (electron spin resonance) and AFM (atomic force microscopy) were used to investigate the surface morphology and molecular orientation, respectively. ESR analysis indicated the molecular orientation of the P3HT crystalline in the blend thin films, which the crystalline oriented normal to the substrate with distribution of 35°. AFM images indicated that the surface morphology of P3HT film was affected by the presence of PCBM nanoparticles. Solution-processed OTFTs (organic thin-film transistors) based on P3HT/PCBM blend thin film in a top source-drain contact structure was fabricated, and the electrical characteristics of the devices were also investigated. A unipolar property with p-channel characteristics were obtained in glove box measurement. 展开更多
关键词 Organic semiconductor P3HT PCBM P3HT/PCBM blend thin film organic thin-film transistor.
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