In Balochistan, Agriculture is dominated by small-scale farmers and the apple production sector is confronted with the chronic constraint of low output per unit of input. Although some agricultural policies have been ...In Balochistan, Agriculture is dominated by small-scale farmers and the apple production sector is confronted with the chronic constraint of low output per unit of input. Although some agricultural policies have been implemented in this province, studies on effectiveness and impacts of such policies over apple production and farmers' performance are still limited. This study is an effort to bridge the research gap on this potential crop in the plateau by investigating technical and scale efficiency of 181 officially designated small-scale apple farmers in mountainous district Mastung in Balochistan; then explored factors that underlie differences in production inefficiency. A two-stage input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) methodology was employed to evaluate technical and scale efficiency followed by truncated bootstrapped regression framework to analyze the correlative determinants to efficiency. Average technical and scale efficiencies of larger landholders were higher than medium and small landholders. Analysis indicated that there is still ample scope for inefficient sample farmers to reduce the input use by 33% without compromising the given yield level. Maximum contributions to the total input savings were from the use of urea, farm yard manure(FYM) and labor-use. Farmer's experience, farm ownership, irrigation constraints, and farmer's access to trainings, credit and extension services significantly affected apple farmers' technical efficiency. Based on the findings of this study, strategies are suggested to enhancing efficiencies by farmers' capacity development through effective extension services and trainings and provision of adequate credit.展开更多
The existence of a solid service sector and some degree of specialisation in tertiary activities are among a number of territorial diversity of factors which need to be taken into account in relation to the creation o...The existence of a solid service sector and some degree of specialisation in tertiary activities are among a number of territorial diversity of factors which need to be taken into account in relation to the creation of competitive capacities. In addition globalisation has presumably played a significant role in the productive restructuring of economies in which the service sector has had an increasing quantitative and qualitative importance over the years Therefore, an evaluation of the role of services in constructing regional competitive capacities is required. This paper aims at addressing indirectly the meaning of services on improving competitiveness by providing a wide-ranging analysis of regional efficiency of the Mexican service sector and its determinants as well as an overview of its territorial distribution and special isation patterns. We evaluate the patterns of concentration of the third sector and its branches, and specialisation of regions. The efficiency of the service sector in the NAFTA period is analysed further because of the impact of services on regional competitiveness. We employ state leve data to examine technical efficiency＇s differentials across regions and their determinants. The methodology includes data envelopment analysis to measure technical efficiency which is the dependent variable in a reduced form model that links regional performance with a number of proxies for various types of agglomeration economies such as specialisation, urbanisation and internal economies of scale展开更多
That SOEs are inefficient is still a consensus in most economic literature. However, in recent studies, more and more arguments are made in favor of the efficiency of SOEs, yet existing empirical studies are mostly ba...That SOEs are inefficient is still a consensus in most economic literature. However, in recent studies, more and more arguments are made in favor of the efficiency of SOEs, yet existing empirical studies are mostly based on production industry data as samples. On the basis of adopting distribution samples and conducting a cross-sector comparison between the production industry and the distribution sector, this paper offers a multi-perspective empirical assessment on the efficiency of SOEs. Through the analysis of major JTnancial indicators and adopting the Data Envelopment Analysis-Malmquist index for total factor productivity comparison, we find that SOEs generally do not have any disadvantage in efficiency and their superior efficiency is particularly pronounced in the distribution sector as compared with production industry. Moreover, the high share and high efficiency of state capital in the wholesale sector needs particular attention. This paper employs case studies to reveal the positive correlation between the assets-heavy operation of state-owned wholesale firms and their profitability. The implications are as follows： policymakers must deliberate prudently before deciding to withdraw or increase state capital in various sectors; in the wholesale sector where state capital is more efficient, the functions of state capital can be bolstered by increasing its presence in the sector,＂ the notion that state capital must be withdrawn from competitive sectors cannot be adopted likely, nor should the benefits of asset-light operation be exaggerated.展开更多
The data envelopment analysis （DEA） model is used to evaluate the relative economic efficiency of a given set of decision making units （DMUs）. In this paper, the DEA production possibility set is transferred from ...The data envelopment analysis （DEA） model is used to evaluate the relative economic efficiency of a given set of decision making units （DMUs）. In this paper, the DEA production possibility set is transferred from the conventional sum form into the intersection form which is represented by a linear inequality system. Although it is time consuming to obtain the intersection form of the production possibility set, it suggests a new angle to investigate the properties of DMUs and to extend the DEA research further beyond the efficiency measurement. Following the intersection form, the analytical formula of the efficiency indicator and projection is given. Various aspects of technical efficiency, returns to scale and evidence of congestion of the DMUs are studied. The relationship between the weak DEA efficiency and the weak Pareto solution is discussed. Finally, a procedure for DMU grouping is proposed to help the decision makers for better resource reallocation and strategy adjustment.展开更多
To investigate the long-term operating efficiencies of container ports, we extend the work of previous researches to present a new systemic and improved method of data envelopment analysis （DEA）-based Malmquist prod...To investigate the long-term operating efficiencies of container ports, we extend the work of previous researches to present a new systemic and improved method of data envelopment analysis （DEA）-based Malmquist productivity index （MPI） in this paper. An approach based on both panel data and multi-inputs/outputs is considered comprehensively, and aims at measuring the operating efficiencies of 10 leading container ports in China from 2001 to 2006 by applying this new systematic influence factor of total factor productivity change is the calculation method. The results illustrate that the main technology change, and the container transportation of these 10 ports is on the healthy development status and will recover and grow reposefully in the following years展开更多
A few models in data envelopment analysis （DEA） have been proposed to evaluate performance of production systems which are composed of independent parallel production units. In this paper, we have developed a parall...A few models in data envelopment analysis （DEA） have been proposed to evaluate performance of production systems which are composed of independent parallel production units. In this paper, we have developed a parallel DEA model for production systems which are composed of independent parallel subunits, so that each subunit uses its own inputs and a portion of the shared inputs to produce final outputs. Also, we will propose the models to calculate the efficiency of the whole system along with the efficiencies of its subunits. In addition to theoretical derivations, a case of 25 areas of Iran＇s Bank is used as an example to illustrate the whole idea.展开更多
基金supported by core funds of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan and the University of Balochistan (Reg.440/07),under Faculty Development Project
文摘In Balochistan, Agriculture is dominated by small-scale farmers and the apple production sector is confronted with the chronic constraint of low output per unit of input. Although some agricultural policies have been implemented in this province, studies on effectiveness and impacts of such policies over apple production and farmers' performance are still limited. This study is an effort to bridge the research gap on this potential crop in the plateau by investigating technical and scale efficiency of 181 officially designated small-scale apple farmers in mountainous district Mastung in Balochistan; then explored factors that underlie differences in production inefficiency. A two-stage input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) methodology was employed to evaluate technical and scale efficiency followed by truncated bootstrapped regression framework to analyze the correlative determinants to efficiency. Average technical and scale efficiencies of larger landholders were higher than medium and small landholders. Analysis indicated that there is still ample scope for inefficient sample farmers to reduce the input use by 33% without compromising the given yield level. Maximum contributions to the total input savings were from the use of urea, farm yard manure(FYM) and labor-use. Farmer's experience, farm ownership, irrigation constraints, and farmer's access to trainings, credit and extension services significantly affected apple farmers' technical efficiency. Based on the findings of this study, strategies are suggested to enhancing efficiencies by farmers' capacity development through effective extension services and trainings and provision of adequate credit.
文摘The existence of a solid service sector and some degree of specialisation in tertiary activities are among a number of territorial diversity of factors which need to be taken into account in relation to the creation of competitive capacities. In addition globalisation has presumably played a significant role in the productive restructuring of economies in which the service sector has had an increasing quantitative and qualitative importance over the years Therefore, an evaluation of the role of services in constructing regional competitive capacities is required. This paper aims at addressing indirectly the meaning of services on improving competitiveness by providing a wide-ranging analysis of regional efficiency of the Mexican service sector and its determinants as well as an overview of its territorial distribution and special isation patterns. We evaluate the patterns of concentration of the third sector and its branches, and specialisation of regions. The efficiency of the service sector in the NAFTA period is analysed further because of the impact of services on regional competitiveness. We employ state leve data to examine technical efficiency＇s differentials across regions and their determinants. The methodology includes data envelopment analysis to measure technical efficiency which is the dependent variable in a reduced form model that links regional performance with a number of proxies for various types of agglomeration economies such as specialisation, urbanisation and internal economies of scale
文摘That SOEs are inefficient is still a consensus in most economic literature. However, in recent studies, more and more arguments are made in favor of the efficiency of SOEs, yet existing empirical studies are mostly based on production industry data as samples. On the basis of adopting distribution samples and conducting a cross-sector comparison between the production industry and the distribution sector, this paper offers a multi-perspective empirical assessment on the efficiency of SOEs. Through the analysis of major JTnancial indicators and adopting the Data Envelopment Analysis-Malmquist index for total factor productivity comparison, we find that SOEs generally do not have any disadvantage in efficiency and their superior efficiency is particularly pronounced in the distribution sector as compared with production industry. Moreover, the high share and high efficiency of state capital in the wholesale sector needs particular attention. This paper employs case studies to reveal the positive correlation between the assets-heavy operation of state-owned wholesale firms and their profitability. The implications are as follows： policymakers must deliberate prudently before deciding to withdraw or increase state capital in various sectors; in the wholesale sector where state capital is more efficient, the functions of state capital can be bolstered by increasing its presence in the sector,＂ the notion that state capital must be withdrawn from competitive sectors cannot be adopted likely, nor should the benefits of asset-light operation be exaggerated.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 70531040, 70871114, and the 985 Research Grant of Renmin University of China, and the Hong Kong CERG Research Fund PolyU5457/06H and PolyU 5485/09H.
文摘The data envelopment analysis （DEA） model is used to evaluate the relative economic efficiency of a given set of decision making units （DMUs）. In this paper, the DEA production possibility set is transferred from the conventional sum form into the intersection form which is represented by a linear inequality system. Although it is time consuming to obtain the intersection form of the production possibility set, it suggests a new angle to investigate the properties of DMUs and to extend the DEA research further beyond the efficiency measurement. Following the intersection form, the analytical formula of the efficiency indicator and projection is given. Various aspects of technical efficiency, returns to scale and evidence of congestion of the DMUs are studied. The relationship between the weak DEA efficiency and the weak Pareto solution is discussed. Finally, a procedure for DMU grouping is proposed to help the decision makers for better resource reallocation and strategy adjustment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50578030)
文摘To investigate the long-term operating efficiencies of container ports, we extend the work of previous researches to present a new systemic and improved method of data envelopment analysis （DEA）-based Malmquist productivity index （MPI） in this paper. An approach based on both panel data and multi-inputs/outputs is considered comprehensively, and aims at measuring the operating efficiencies of 10 leading container ports in China from 2001 to 2006 by applying this new systematic influence factor of total factor productivity change is the calculation method. The results illustrate that the main technology change, and the container transportation of these 10 ports is on the healthy development status and will recover and grow reposefully in the following years
文摘A few models in data envelopment analysis （DEA） have been proposed to evaluate performance of production systems which are composed of independent parallel production units. In this paper, we have developed a parallel DEA model for production systems which are composed of independent parallel subunits, so that each subunit uses its own inputs and a portion of the shared inputs to produce final outputs. Also, we will propose the models to calculate the efficiency of the whole system along with the efficiencies of its subunits. In addition to theoretical derivations, a case of 25 areas of Iran＇s Bank is used as an example to illustrate the whole idea.
