It proves to be a tough job to define culture and to draw characteristics of culture or work out the categories of culture. Based on some influential definitions, and achievements made in sociology and anthropology, t...It proves to be a tough job to define culture and to draw characteristics of culture or work out the categories of culture. Based on some influential definitions, and achievements made in sociology and anthropology, this paper makes an attempt to summarize and discuss some characteristics of culture. With regard to the categorization of culture, we put forward the idea that it is closely related to the definition and features of culture, and also that it is closely related with human cognition and different perspectives, and thus culture category is an open system just as culture in general. Cultural development as product of human evolution and development is both a need and reality, going on through cultural transmission. In the process, it is human nature to encounter cultural conflicts like culture shock, the solution of which partially depends on cultural studies, on a close relationship with the main school of culture or dominating culture and on seeking similarities and accepting differences, and in a word, on friendly and cordial contacts and understanding through linguistic communication.展开更多
Music is an integral part of culture, culture represents the spirit of a country, so from this point of the music, we can get a glimpse of the cultural characteristics of a country. Music, broadly speaking, I think it...Music is an integral part of culture, culture represents the spirit of a country, so from this point of the music, we can get a glimpse of the cultural characteristics of a country. Music, broadly speaking, I think it should be the extension of culture, is a crystalline form of the essence which the culture conceived. This article discusses the musical and cultural ties, the characteristics of Chinese and Western musical culture, contacts the cultural background of Chinese and Western music culture, making more in-depth understanding.展开更多
First,based on routine meteorological data,the synoptic characteristics of a heavy warm-sector rainfall that occurred on June 13,2008 in the Pearl River Delta were analyzed.Second,a mesoscale numerical model,Weather R...First,based on routine meteorological data,the synoptic characteristics of a heavy warm-sector rainfall that occurred on June 13,2008 in the Pearl River Delta were analyzed.Second,a mesoscale numerical model,Weather Research and Forecasting(WRFV2.2),was used to simulate the heavy rainfall. Diagnostic analyses were done of moist potential vorticity(MPV)for its horizontal components(MPV2) and vertical components(MPV1)based on the simulation results of WRFV2.2 to identify the mechanism of the rainfall development.The results showed that the heavy rainfall occurred when there were high MPV1 in the upper levels and low MPV1 and high MPV2 in the lower levels.Disturbances of high MPV1 in the upper levels came from the southwest or northwest,those of low MPV1 in the lower levels came from the southwest,and those of high MPV2 came from the south.Disturbances of low MPV1 at low levels were the direct cause of convective instability.Enhanced vertical shear of meridional wind led to increased MPV2 at lower levels,strengthened baroclinicity,and active warm and wet flows.These distributions of MPV helped to trigger the release of unstable energy and produce warm-sector heavy rainfall.As it integrates the evolution of dynamic and thermal fields,MPV is able to reveal the development of this heavy rainfall effectively.展开更多
Extreme climate events play an important role in studies of long-term climate change. As the Earth’s Third Pole, the Tibetan Plateau(TP) is sensitive to climate change and variation. In this study on the TP, the spat...Extreme climate events play an important role in studies of long-term climate change. As the Earth’s Third Pole, the Tibetan Plateau(TP) is sensitive to climate change and variation. In this study on the TP, the spatiotemporal changes in climate extreme indices(CEIs) are analyzed based on daily maximum and minimum surface air temperatures and precipitation at 98 meteorological stations, most with elevations of at least 4000 m above sea level, during 1960–2012. Fifteen temperature extreme indices(TEIs) and eight precipitation extreme indices(PEIs) were calculated. Then, their long-term change patterns, from spatial and temporal perspectives, were determined at regional, eco-regional and station levels. The entire TP region exhibits a significant warming trend, as reflected by the TEIs. The regional cold days and nights show decreasing trends at rates of-8.9 d(10 yr)-1(days per decade) and-17.3 d(10 yr)-1, respectively. The corresponding warm days and nights have increased by 7.6 d(10 yr)-1 and 12.5 d(10 yr)-1, respectively. At the station level, the majority of stations indicate statistically significant trends for all TEIs, but they show spatial heterogeneity. The eco-regional TEIs show patterns that are consistent with the entire TP. The growing season has become longer at a rate of 5.3 d(10 yr)^-1. The abrupt change points for CEIs were examined, and they were mainly distributed during the 1980 s and 1990 s. The PEIs on the TP exhibit clear fluctuations and increasing trends with small magnitudes. The annual total precipitation has increased by 2.8 mm(10 yr)^-1(not statistically significant). Most of the CEIs will maintain a persistent trend, as indicated by their Hurst exponents. The developing trends of the CEIs do not show a corresponding change with increasing altitude. In general, the warming trends demonstrate an asymmetric pattern reflected by the rapid increase in the warming trends of the cold TEIs, which are of greater magnitudes than those of the warm TEIs. This finding indicates a positive shift in the distribution of the daily minimum temperatures throughout the TP. Most of the PEIs show weak increasing trends, which are not statistically significant. This work aims to delineate a comprehensive picture of the extreme climate conditions over the TP that can enhance our understanding of its changing climate.展开更多
Assembly variation analysis of parts that have flexible curved surfaces is much more difficult than that of solid bodies, because of structural deformations in the assembly process. Most of the current variation analy...Assembly variation analysis of parts that have flexible curved surfaces is much more difficult than that of solid bodies, because of structural deformations in the assembly process. Most of the current variation analysis methods either neglect the relationships among feature points on part surfaces or regard the distribution of all feature points as the same. In this study, the problem of flexible curved surface assembly is simplified to the matching of side lines. A methodology based on Bézier curves is proposed to represent the side lines of surfaces. It solves the variation analysis problem of flexible curved surface assembly when considering surface continuity through the relations between control points and data points. The deviations of feature points on side lines are obtained through control point distribution and are then regarded as inputs in commercial finite element analysis software to calculate the final product deformations. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated in two cases of antenna surface assembly.展开更多
文摘It proves to be a tough job to define culture and to draw characteristics of culture or work out the categories of culture. Based on some influential definitions, and achievements made in sociology and anthropology, this paper makes an attempt to summarize and discuss some characteristics of culture. With regard to the categorization of culture, we put forward the idea that it is closely related to the definition and features of culture, and also that it is closely related with human cognition and different perspectives, and thus culture category is an open system just as culture in general. Cultural development as product of human evolution and development is both a need and reality, going on through cultural transmission. In the process, it is human nature to encounter cultural conflicts like culture shock, the solution of which partially depends on cultural studies, on a close relationship with the main school of culture or dominating culture and on seeking similarities and accepting differences, and in a word, on friendly and cordial contacts and understanding through linguistic communication.
文摘Music is an integral part of culture, culture represents the spirit of a country, so from this point of the music, we can get a glimpse of the cultural characteristics of a country. Music, broadly speaking, I think it should be the extension of culture, is a crystalline form of the essence which the culture conceived. This article discusses the musical and cultural ties, the characteristics of Chinese and Western musical culture, contacts the cultural background of Chinese and Western music culture, making more in-depth understanding.
基金Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory on Ocean-Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change from State Oceanological Administration(GCMAC0809)Natural Science Foundation of China(40775068)Development Planning for Key Foundamental Research of China(2010CB428504))
文摘First,based on routine meteorological data,the synoptic characteristics of a heavy warm-sector rainfall that occurred on June 13,2008 in the Pearl River Delta were analyzed.Second,a mesoscale numerical model,Weather Research and Forecasting(WRFV2.2),was used to simulate the heavy rainfall. Diagnostic analyses were done of moist potential vorticity(MPV)for its horizontal components(MPV2) and vertical components(MPV1)based on the simulation results of WRFV2.2 to identify the mechanism of the rainfall development.The results showed that the heavy rainfall occurred when there were high MPV1 in the upper levels and low MPV1 and high MPV2 in the lower levels.Disturbances of high MPV1 in the upper levels came from the southwest or northwest,those of low MPV1 in the lower levels came from the southwest,and those of high MPV2 came from the south.Disturbances of low MPV1 at low levels were the direct cause of convective instability.Enhanced vertical shear of meridional wind led to increased MPV2 at lower levels,strengthened baroclinicity,and active warm and wet flows.These distributions of MPV helped to trigger the release of unstable energy and produce warm-sector heavy rainfall.As it integrates the evolution of dynamic and thermal fields,MPV is able to reveal the development of this heavy rainfall effectively.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601478,41571391)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0505301,2016YFC0500103)
文摘Extreme climate events play an important role in studies of long-term climate change. As the Earth’s Third Pole, the Tibetan Plateau(TP) is sensitive to climate change and variation. In this study on the TP, the spatiotemporal changes in climate extreme indices(CEIs) are analyzed based on daily maximum and minimum surface air temperatures and precipitation at 98 meteorological stations, most with elevations of at least 4000 m above sea level, during 1960–2012. Fifteen temperature extreme indices(TEIs) and eight precipitation extreme indices(PEIs) were calculated. Then, their long-term change patterns, from spatial and temporal perspectives, were determined at regional, eco-regional and station levels. The entire TP region exhibits a significant warming trend, as reflected by the TEIs. The regional cold days and nights show decreasing trends at rates of-8.9 d(10 yr)-1(days per decade) and-17.3 d(10 yr)-1, respectively. The corresponding warm days and nights have increased by 7.6 d(10 yr)-1 and 12.5 d(10 yr)-1, respectively. At the station level, the majority of stations indicate statistically significant trends for all TEIs, but they show spatial heterogeneity. The eco-regional TEIs show patterns that are consistent with the entire TP. The growing season has become longer at a rate of 5.3 d(10 yr)^-1. The abrupt change points for CEIs were examined, and they were mainly distributed during the 1980 s and 1990 s. The PEIs on the TP exhibit clear fluctuations and increasing trends with small magnitudes. The annual total precipitation has increased by 2.8 mm(10 yr)^-1(not statistically significant). Most of the CEIs will maintain a persistent trend, as indicated by their Hurst exponents. The developing trends of the CEIs do not show a corresponding change with increasing altitude. In general, the warming trends demonstrate an asymmetric pattern reflected by the rapid increase in the warming trends of the cold TEIs, which are of greater magnitudes than those of the warm TEIs. This finding indicates a positive shift in the distribution of the daily minimum temperatures throughout the TP. Most of the PEIs show weak increasing trends, which are not statistically significant. This work aims to delineate a comprehensive picture of the extreme climate conditions over the TP that can enhance our understanding of its changing climate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51490663,51475418,and U1608256)the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2015CB058100)
文摘Assembly variation analysis of parts that have flexible curved surfaces is much more difficult than that of solid bodies, because of structural deformations in the assembly process. Most of the current variation analysis methods either neglect the relationships among feature points on part surfaces or regard the distribution of all feature points as the same. In this study, the problem of flexible curved surface assembly is simplified to the matching of side lines. A methodology based on Bézier curves is proposed to represent the side lines of surfaces. It solves the variation analysis problem of flexible curved surface assembly when considering surface continuity through the relations between control points and data points. The deviations of feature points on side lines are obtained through control point distribution and are then regarded as inputs in commercial finite element analysis software to calculate the final product deformations. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated in two cases of antenna surface assembly.