采场支承压力分区变异特征研究

通过数值模拟、X光衍射、扫描电镜、现场实测等手段,研究了两淮矿区不同采深和采厚情况下回采工作面前方支承压力分区变异特征.结果表明,超浅部风氧化带内开采时,岩石由于受到沉积水环境和风化的影响,强度降低,塑性变形能力增强,压力呈现静压大,动压小,动载系数小的趋势;开采进入常规深度时,岩石弹性变形能力增强,支承压力峰值强度也随着采深增加而增加,峰值压力集中系数增加;开采进入深部时,由于高温度和高地压等因素影响,岩石的强度降低,塑性变形能力增强,支承压力峰值强度增加,但峰值压力集中系数却呈下降趋势,岩层逐渐呈现出黏塑性变形;随着开采煤层的厚度增加,采场前方支承压力峰值集中系数减小,峰值离煤壁越远.

渭河生态水文联系变异分区研究

【目的】对生态水文联系分区以表征不同空间范围内的变异情势,进而为流域生态水文联系的良性维持提供理论支撑。【方法】统计渭河流域21个站点水文序列的水文改变指标(IHA),应用变化范围(Range of Variability Approach,RVA)法对其不同时间段的生态水文联系改变程度进行评估,并分析其空间分布规律。基于IHA构建分区指标体系,依据不同站点的生态水文联系变异程度,运用层次聚类法进行分区,并与主成分分析结果进行对比以验证其合理性。【结果】依据渭河流域内各站点的生态水文联系变异情况,将渭河流域划分为强烈变异区、中度变异区与轻度变异区3个变异区,不同分区可反映其生态水文联系综合变异的变异情势。根据各分区内的主导变异成分,可将3个分区再细化成5个变异小区,在强烈变异区中,将高、低脉冲流量和丰水期流量为主导变异成分的站点划为强烈变异区Ⅰ,极端流量和流量变化率为主导变异成分的站点划为强烈变异区Ⅱ;在中度变异区中,将高、低脉冲流量和流量变化率为主导变异成分的站点划为中度变异区Ⅰ,将最小极端流量、高脉冲流量和丰水期流量为主导变异成分的站点划为中度变异区Ⅱ;由于轻度变异区各主导变异成分均较轻,故未进一步细分。基于层次聚类法的生态水文联系的变异分区结果较为合理,与主成分分析结果基本吻合。【结论】各变异分区可表征不同分区的综合变化强度和主导变异成分,通过该分区可基本了解渭河流域不同区域河流生态水文联系的变化情况。

风氧化带内倾斜长壁综采面矿压显现与控制

以百善煤矿风氧化带内开采的工作面实测矿压资料为依据,论述了风氧化带内倾斜长壁开采工作面上覆岩层呈现出明显的分区变异特征,分析了矿压分区变化的原因,着重阐述了为确保在风氧化带内安全开采,加大开采高度,采用"护-让"结合方式以及实行"带压移架、追机移架"等控顶方法与防止水患的关键开采技术,突破了水体下开采"降低并控制采高"的开采原则,取得了安全、高效的开采效果。

Soil Nutrient Variance by Slope Position in a Mollisol Farmland Area of Northeast China

In order to generate scientifically-based comparative information to improve fertilization efficiency and reduce nutrient loss, 610 samples of 122 soil profiles were collected at the 0–60 cm depth to compare soil nutrient contents including soil organic matter(SOM), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), available phosphorus(AP), and available potassium(AK) among different slope positions in a Mollisol farmland area of Northeast China. The contents of SOM and TN typically decreased with increased soil depth at back and bottom slope. Soil loss and deposition tended to decrease SOM and TN at the 0–20 cm soil depth on both the back slope and the slope bottom. The TP firstly decreased from 0–20 cm to 30–40 cm, and then not constantly increased at the back slope and the bottom slope. Due to the characteristics of soil nutrients and crop absorption, the contents of both AP and AK were typically the highest at the summit, followed by the slope bottom and the back slope in the 0–20 cm layer. Generally, in order to sustain the high soil productivity and protect the environment, attention should be paid to soil conservation on back slope; in addition, additional N and P fertilizer is necessary on the back slope.

Influencing factors of sediment deposition and their spatial variability in riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China

Many factors can affect the sediment deposition and soil erosion process in riparian zone, including terrain, sediment transport and water level fluctuations. Clarifying the factors influencing sediment deposition process in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoirs is an important problem to determine the key area of sediment deposition and its trend of development in the study area. In order to reveal the influence of these environmental factors on the sediment deposition in riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, this study investigated 1） the amount of deposited sediment in different environmental conditions, 2） the potential factors affecting sediment deposition in riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, 3） the relationship between the deposited sediment amount and these factors previously mentioned using correlation analysis, and 4） the influence of human activities considered as an additional factor. This study found that 1） slope gradient, elevation, inundating duration and human activities were the main factors influencing sedimentation in riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, and 2） the impact of each factor varied with spaces. Specifically, in the upper reach from Jiangjin to Fuling, human activities such as gravel dredging, bank revetment and ports and wharfs constructing disturbed considerable amounts of deposited sediment, as a result, there was no natural law to dictate the distribution. In the middle reach from Fuling to Fengjie, slope gradient and inundating duration were the controlling factors, and the sediment deposition amount was greater in the areas with a gentler slope or lower elevation. Water flow on gentler slopes generally had lower velocity, resulting in more sediment to deposit. Sites with lower elevations would be drowned by sediment-laden flow with a longer duration resulting from hydrologic regime controlled by the operating strategy of the Three Gorges Reservoir, leading to a larger amount of sediment deposition. In the lower reach from Fengjie to Zigni, slope gradient was similar to the middle reach, performing a primary factor, while other factors showed little relationship with sediment amount.

Shadow detection combining characters of human vision

A shadow detection method using pulse couple neural network inspired by the characters of human visual system is proposed.More precisely,lateral inhibition of human vision and coefficient of variation are combined together to improve the pulse couple neural network.Shadow detection is considered to be a shadow region segmentation problem.Experiment shows that the presented method is consistent with human vision compared to shadow detection methods based on HSV and pulse couple neural network(PCNN) by both subjective and objective assessments.

Genetic Variation Analyses of nsp2 Gene of PRRSV in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China

To gain a better understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of PRRSV in the Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region(Ningxia) of China,the nsp2 genes from a series of PRRSV strains collected from the region in 2007 were partially sequenced. These sequences were then analyzed along with the classical strain(ch-1a) and two other epidemic strains SD(3) and SD2006. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence with ch-1a indicated that nsp2 genes of seventeen Ningxia isolates(NX strain) have deletions of 87 nucleotides. Sequence analysis indicated that homology between the Ningxia strain and ch-1a was 60.3%-79.9% in the nucleotide sequence,and homology between the NX strains and SD strains was 80.3%-98.8% in the nucleotide sequence. The nsp2 genes of the seventeen isolates had 74.9%-100% nucleotide sequence identities with each other. This study was undertaken to assess the regional variation of prevalent PRRSV and to establish a sequence database for PRRSV molecular epidemiological studies.

Soil moisture drought detection and multi-temporal variability across China

Soil moisture droughts can trigger abnormal changes of material and energy cycles in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system,leading to important effects on local ecosystem,weather,and climate.Drought detection and understanding benefit disaster alleviation,as well as weather and climate predictions based on the understanding the land-atmosphere interactions.We thus simulated soil moisture using land surface model CLM3.5 driven with observed climate in China,and corrected wet bias in soil moisture simulations via introducing soil porosity parameter into soil water parameterization scheme.Then we defined soil moisture drought to quantify spatiotemporal variability of droughts.Over the period from 1951 to 2008,40%of months(to the sum of 12×58)underwent droughts,with the average area of 54.6%of total land area of China's Mainland.The annual monthly drought numbers presented a significant decrease in arid regions,but a significant increase in semi-arid and semi-humid regions,a decrease in humid regions but not significant.The Mainland as a whole experienced an increasing drought trend,with77.3%of areal ratio of decrease to increase.The monthly droughts in winter were the strongest but the weakest in summer,impacting 54.3%and 8.4%total area of the Mainland,respectively.The drought lasting three months or more occurred mainly in the semi-arid and semi-humid regions,with probability>51.7%,even>77.6%,whereas those lasting 6 and 12 months or more impacted mainly across arid and semi-arid regions.