局部解剖学

0003569 拇指腕掌关节的骨关节局部解剖及与性别、年龄、地区和骨关节分区相关的变异/Xu L//J Hand Surg.-1998,23A(3).-454～464

The Distribution Characteristics of Soil pH Values of Tobacco-growing Areas in Dali City and Its Correlation with Soil Nutrients

[Objective] The aim was to study the distribution characteristics of soil pH values and its correlation with soil nutrients in tobacco-growing areas. [Method] Soil nutrients of 43 samples from tobacco-growing areas in Dali City were analyzed.[Results] The results showed that average pH value of tobacco-planting soil in Dali City was 6.52, soil samples which suited for flue-cured tobacco cultivation accounted for 72.09% of total soil samples. In four soil types of tobacco-growing areas, the pH values in a descending order were as follows： alluvial soil〉 paddy soil 〉purple soil〉 red soil. At the altitude range of 1 780-2 200 m, soil pH values showed a gradual decreasing trend. The average contents of soil organic matters were relatively abundant and generally suited for high-quality tobacco cultivation; the average contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were generally at medium and abundant level, however,their rations under the medium level in some tobacco-growing areas were 6.98%,11.63%, 2.33% and 4.65%, respectively; moreover, soil with lower available potassium contents occupied a large proportion, namely 58.14%. [Conclusion] Soil pH values had significant correlation with exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable magnesium, however, they had no significant correlation with other soil nutrients.

Application of Integration of Spatial Statistical Analysis with GIS to Regional Economic Analysis

This paper summarizes a few spatial statistical analysis methods for to measuring spatial autocorrelation and spatial association, discusses the criteria for the identification of spatial association by the use of global Moran Coefficient, Local Moran and Local Geary. Furthermore, a user-friendly statistical module, combining spatial statistical analysis methods with GIS visual techniques, is developed in Arcview using Avenue. An example is also given to show the usefulness of this module in identifying and quantifying the underlying spatial association patterns between economic units.

西南喀斯特山区耕地质量现状与驱动因素分析--以贵州省为例

以喀斯特地貌广泛发育、耕地质量总体较差的贵州省为例,利用单因子相关-回归分析和阈值区间相结合的方法,选取自然条件、社会经济2个方面的9项指标要素,开展了贵州省耕地质量的驱动因素作用过程和机理研究。结果表明:除高程外,其余因子与耕地质量多呈复杂曲线相关特征,不同阈值区间作用方式不同。高程、土地垦殖系数严重制约耕地质量,耕地复种指数、土地整治规模有益于耕地质量的提高。在耕地质量较差(耕地质量等别>11)的地区,GDP、坡度和乡村农业人口数量对耕地质量的影响明显增强。

Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis on Regional Economic Disparity of Northeast Economic Region in China

Popular regional inequality indexes such as variation coefficient and Gini coefficient can only reveal overall inequality, and have limited ability in revealing spatial dependence or spatial agglomeration. Recently some methods of exploratory spatial data analysis such as spatial autocorrelation have provided effective tools to analyze spatial agglomeration and cluster, which can reveal the pattern of regional inequality. This article attempts to use spatial autocorrelation at county level to get refined spatial pattern of regional disparity in Chinese northeast economic region over 2000-2006 (2001 absent). The result indicates that the basic trend of regional economy is an increasing concentration of growth among counties in northeast economic region, and there are two geographical clusters of poorer counties including the counties in western Liaoning Province and adjacent counties in Inner Mongolia, poorer counties of Heihe, Qiqihar and Suihua in Heilongjiang Province. This article also reveals that we can use the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis as the supplementary analysis methods in regional economic analysis.

VARIATION FEATURES OF SOMALI CROSS-EQUATORIAL FLOW AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LOCATION OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH RIDGE FROM JULY TO SEPTEMBER

The variation features of the cross-equatorial flow and its impact on the ridge position of the subtropical high have been analyzed in this paper. It is shown as follows. (1) The intensity of the Somali cross-equatorial flow is increasing in winter and summer in the past 44 years and the airflow of Northern Hemisphere exchanges more and more intensively with that of Southern Hemisphere. (2) The Somali cross-equatorial flow in May has the most impact on the ridge position of the subtropical high in the typhoon season, presenting a positive correlation. (3) The diagnosis is consistent with the real situation in 2005.

Classification of microseismic events in high stress zone

For the purpose of having a better understanding of failure mechanisms of rock fracturing in mines, the equivalent point source models of tensile, shear and explosive seismic events were established, and the relationship between far-field seismic displacements of the waves and the corresponding equivalent forces were analyzed as well. Based on the results of a microseismic monitoring carried out in the mining progress of 9202 working face under the upper remnant coal pillar in Sanhejian Mine, the waveform features of the seismic events associated with different failure modes were further analyzed. The results show that the signals corresponding to different failure mechanisms have different radiation patterns of the seismic displacements, and different characteristics in waveform features, such as dominant frequency, energy released, the ratio of S- to P-wave energy, and so on. In addition, the rock burst happened in the high stress zone is mainly the result of the strong shear fracturing in the mining process. The results of this study have significantly improved the understanding of the characteristics of the failures associated with underground mining, and will greatly benefit the prevention and control of rock burst hazards in burst-prone mines.

Economical Analysis of Milk Production in the Farms of Siedlce Region

Last years the most profitable line of activity in agriculture is considered with milk production. The-effectiveness of this project depends primarily on the direct costs and the obtained of purchase price. Therefore the aim of this work was to analyze the financial results of dairy farms in the east part of Mazovia region. Completing the research in 2010, to the owners of 36 farms were sent a questionnaire containing 18 questions. The obtained data were used to characterize the various research facilities. And then the whole population was devoted on the 6 production groups, depend on the number of physical units of dairy cows. Moreover, based on survey data, an analysis of the profitability of milk production was done. It was the following economic values： direct costs, revenue, gross margin and the index of production profitability. Also the statistical analysis by calculating the Pearson linear correlation coefficient （r） and coefficient of determination （R2） was done. The study showed that the highest annual yield of milk from a cow at the level of 7500 kg, reached the farmers with the area of l 9.7 ha of with the density of 1.82 BFU/ha and with 8 years of cow utilization. Respondents from this group also received the highest value of effectiveness index （184.60%）. In addition, the performed regression analysis showed significant positive correlation between the effectiveness index and the surface agricultural lands occurring in the farms, density of agricultural lands, and efficiency from a cow and the price of milk.

The Three-North Shelterbelt Program and Dynamic Changes in Vegetation Cover

The Shelterbelt Forest System Program in northeast, north and northwest China （the Three-North Shelterbelt Program, TNSP） is the largest ecological reforestation program in the world. TNSP vegetation research has important ecological meaning and profound social and economic signiifcance. Here, spatio-temporal variation in vegetation cover under the TNSP was examined using the NDVI average method, major climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation, and linear regression trend analysis from 1982 to 2006. We found that in the past 25 years, NDVI vegetation in the study area has consistently risen at a rate of 0.007 per decade. Vegetation cover, temperature and precipitation are positively correlated. The area of vegetation associated with precipitation is larger than the area related to temperature;precipitation is the key factor affecting vegetation growth across the TNSP. From 1982 to 2006, regions with improved vegetation cover were found in the central and southern part of the Greater Khingan Mountains, central part of the Lesser Khingan Mountains, northeastern part of the Changbai Mountains, Yanshan Mountians, Western Liaoning Hilly Region, Altai Mountains, Tien Shan Mountains, eastern part of the Qilian Mountains, eastern part of the northwest desert as wel as southern part of the Gul y Region of the Loess Plateau. However, vegetation cover declined on both sides of the Greater Khingan Mountains, western part of the Hulun Buir Plateau, northern part of the Sanjiang Plain, southern part of Horqin Sandy Land, southern part of the northwest desert and northern part of the Gul y Region of the Loess Plateau.

Climatic change features of fog and haze in winter over North China and Huang-Huai Area

This paper revealed the climatic change characteristics of fog and haze of different levels over North China and Huang-Huai area(NCHH).It was found that the haze-prone period has changed from winter into a whole year,and the haze days(HD)in winter have increased significantly.The foggy days(FD)are half of HD.There are little difference on the number of days and trends of fog at various levels.The HD and FD show no obvious positive correlation until the 1980s.Fog has larger spatial scale,showing more in the south than in the north.Haze occurs mainly around large cities with a discrete distribution.In the background of weakened East Asian Winter Monsoon(EAWM)and sufficient particulate matter,the negative correlation between haze and wind speed is weakened,but the positive correlation between haze and moisture conditions(precipitation and humidity)is significantly strengthened.In recent years,small wind and variability appear frequently.Meanwhile,as the stable source and strong moisture absorption of the aerosol particles,the moisture condition becomes one key control factor in the haze,especially wet haze with less visibility.In contrast,the FD presents a stable positive correlation with precipitation and relative humidity,but has no obvious negative correlation with wind speed.

Effectiveness of farmland transfer in alleviating farmland abandonment in mountain regions

Farmland abandonment is a type of land use change in the mountain region,and this change is under rapid development. Whether farmland transfer can prevent this process and promote the effective allocation of land resources or not is a question worth studying and discussion. With the help of the previous research findings,the objective of this paper was to find out the role of farmland transfer on preventing farmland abandonment,by using the methods of multiple view with two factors,and single factor correlation analysis. The results showed that:(1) At village level,a significant negative correlation between farmland transfer and farmland abandonment existed in the study site,with R2 = 0.7584. This correlation of farmland with high grade farming conditions presented more outstandingly. The fitted curve for the farmland at Level I had the largest R2 at 0.288,while that for the farmland at Level IV had the smallest R2 at 0.103. Which indicated that farmland transfer could prevent the abandonment of farmland with high grade farming conditions?(2) At plot level,the abandonment rate of farmland with high grade farming conditions was significantly lower than that of farmland with poor grade farming conditions. It was the lowest at 10.49% for the farmland with Level I farming conditions,whereas the farmland with Level I farming conditions was 26.21%. Abandoned farmland was mainly contributed by farmland with Level IV farming conditions in the study site.(3) At village level,the role of farming conditions on farmland abandonment was insignificant. The univariate correlation analysis revealed that the abandonment ratio was negatively correlated with the proportions of farmland at Levels I and II and their accumulated proportion; however,their R2 were small at 0.194,0.258,and 0.275,respectively. The abandonment of farmland with high farming conditions still existed. The abandonment ratios of farmland at Levels I and II were high at 9.96% and 10.60%,respectively. This presented that farmland transfer on behalf of the land rental market was still not developed.(4) However,the village possessed the high rate of farmland transfer,and its rate of farmland abandonment with high grade farming conditions was all lower. When the transfer ratios of farmland were over 20%,the abandonment ratios of farmland at Levels I and II were 6.47% and 6.92%,respectively. Farmland abandonment was still controlled by the improvement of land rental market. And the functions of land rental market optimizing the utilization of farmland resources have been presented to a certain degree.(5) To further improve the marketing degree of land rental,the probability of farmland abandonment could be reduced. Especially,their function to farmland with high grade farming conditions was very obvious,and could avoid the waste of farmland resources with high grade farming conditions.