Fully developed flow and heat transfer in metal-foam filled tube with uniform wall temperature(UWT) is semi-analytically investigated based on the Brinkman–Darcy model and the two-equation model, in which the inertia...Fully developed flow and heat transfer in metal-foam filled tube with uniform wall temperature(UWT) is semi-analytically investigated based on the Brinkman–Darcy model and the two-equation model, in which the inertia term, axial conduction, and thermal dispersion are ignored. A two-dimensional numerical simulation that adopts the full governing equations is also conducted to analyze the effects of neglected terms on flow and thermal transport performance by comparing with the semi-analytical solution. The effects of the relevant parameters and thermal boundary conditions including UWT and uniform heat flux(UHF) on the heat transfer characteristics are discussed based on the semi-analytical solution. The results show that the inertia term has a significant effect on the prediction of pressure drop, but has a relatively mild effect on Nusselt number. The axial conduction has significant effect on the Nusselt number at lower Reynolds number, and the effects of thermal dispersion can be neglected when the thermal conductivity ratio between fluid and solid is remarkably smaller for air/metal foam as example(kf/ks<3×10-3). The predicted Nusselt number of the semi-analytical solution is about 8% to 15% lower than that of the numerical solution with full model in the range of 4×10-5<kf/ks<3×10-3. Moreover, the temperature profile of solid is more sensitive to pore density and porosity than that of fluid under UWT condition. The Nusselt number under UWT is about 7% to 25% lower than that under UHF, and the difference is mainly determined by interfacial convection rather than solid conduction.展开更多
For the problem that the flow separation on the flap lowers the aerodynamic performance of high lift system,an investigation was carried out on using micro vortex generators(VGs) to control the separation on flap of t...For the problem that the flow separation on the flap lowers the aerodynamic performance of high lift system,an investigation was carried out on using micro vortex generators(VGs) to control the separation on flap of the swept constant chord half-model(SCCH) high-lift configuration,at a small to medium angle of attack,by experimental and numerical methods.The basic flow characteristics of SCCH landing configuration were analyzed by using numerical method to provide required information for the design of micro VGs.Then,by keeping the cruise configuration intact,the preliminary design procedure and design methods of micro VGs were established.In addition,the micro VGs were designed.The effects of VG's arrangement and geometric parameters,such as the arrangement mode,chordwise position,arrangement angle,height and spanwise distance,on controlling efficiency were investigated by using numerical method.Then the parameters of preliminary VGs were adjusted as the basis configuration for wind tunnel test.The experiments were accomplished in NH-2 wind tunnel for validating the numerical method,as well as obtaining the design principles and methods of micro VGs.The parameters of VGs were also optimized based on the experiments.The experimental results showed that the numerical design method can serve as an efficient and accurate design tool.The lift and drag were increased by 10% and 14%,respectively in landing state,which satisfied the requirements for landing.Finally,it was concluded that the established design principles and methods for micro VGs in this investigation can be used in engineering application.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51176149)the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)(Grant No.2011CB610306)
文摘Fully developed flow and heat transfer in metal-foam filled tube with uniform wall temperature(UWT) is semi-analytically investigated based on the Brinkman–Darcy model and the two-equation model, in which the inertia term, axial conduction, and thermal dispersion are ignored. A two-dimensional numerical simulation that adopts the full governing equations is also conducted to analyze the effects of neglected terms on flow and thermal transport performance by comparing with the semi-analytical solution. The effects of the relevant parameters and thermal boundary conditions including UWT and uniform heat flux(UHF) on the heat transfer characteristics are discussed based on the semi-analytical solution. The results show that the inertia term has a significant effect on the prediction of pressure drop, but has a relatively mild effect on Nusselt number. The axial conduction has significant effect on the Nusselt number at lower Reynolds number, and the effects of thermal dispersion can be neglected when the thermal conductivity ratio between fluid and solid is remarkably smaller for air/metal foam as example(kf/ks<3×10-3). The predicted Nusselt number of the semi-analytical solution is about 8% to 15% lower than that of the numerical solution with full model in the range of 4×10-5<kf/ks<3×10-3. Moreover, the temperature profile of solid is more sensitive to pore density and porosity than that of fluid under UWT condition. The Nusselt number under UWT is about 7% to 25% lower than that under UHF, and the difference is mainly determined by interfacial convection rather than solid conduction.
文摘For the problem that the flow separation on the flap lowers the aerodynamic performance of high lift system,an investigation was carried out on using micro vortex generators(VGs) to control the separation on flap of the swept constant chord half-model(SCCH) high-lift configuration,at a small to medium angle of attack,by experimental and numerical methods.The basic flow characteristics of SCCH landing configuration were analyzed by using numerical method to provide required information for the design of micro VGs.Then,by keeping the cruise configuration intact,the preliminary design procedure and design methods of micro VGs were established.In addition,the micro VGs were designed.The effects of VG's arrangement and geometric parameters,such as the arrangement mode,chordwise position,arrangement angle,height and spanwise distance,on controlling efficiency were investigated by using numerical method.Then the parameters of preliminary VGs were adjusted as the basis configuration for wind tunnel test.The experiments were accomplished in NH-2 wind tunnel for validating the numerical method,as well as obtaining the design principles and methods of micro VGs.The parameters of VGs were also optimized based on the experiments.The experimental results showed that the numerical design method can serve as an efficient and accurate design tool.The lift and drag were increased by 10% and 14%,respectively in landing state,which satisfied the requirements for landing.Finally,it was concluded that the established design principles and methods for micro VGs in this investigation can be used in engineering application.
