A specialised electrochemical measurement cell was plugged into a pilot water distribution system to simulate the pipe inner-wall corrosion. The linear polarisation resistance(LPR) technique and electrochemical impeda...A specialised electrochemical measurement cell was plugged into a pilot water distribution system to simulate the pipe inner-wall corrosion. The linear polarisation resistance(LPR) technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were measured in real time to study the variation of the corrosion rate(CR) and scale of cast iron. Three corrosion stages were observed according to the LPR analysis: an initial stage with significantly fluctuating CR, a developmental stage with slowly decreasing CR, and a stable stage with a low CR of approximately 0.157 5 mm·a^(-1). The EIS revealed that the scales with a compact outer layer and a porous inner layer finally formed in the stable stage, and the polarisation resistance was approximately 2 175 ?·cm^2. A physicochemical analysis of the scales showed that ferric oxides, oxyhydroxides and calcite made the outer layer compact and effectively limited the diffusion of oxygen through the scales, which resulted in a low CR.展开更多
China＇s textile and garment markets grown up with the development of reform and opening-up, they＇re well adapted to the national policy and economic environment in each period, and formed a large-scale development, ...China＇s textile and garment markets grown up with the development of reform and opening-up, they＇re well adapted to the national policy and economic environment in each period, and formed a large-scale development, played a positive role in promoting China＇s economy development. This paper has a research on the textile and garment market, industry cluster and regional economy, recognize textile professional market and regional economy as the main research object, industrial cluster as the intermediary variable. Establish textile and garment market, industrial cluster, regional economy as the main trunk of structural equation model and carry on the empirical analysis. From the empirical analysis, this paper find that the coefficient of textile and garment market effecting on industrial cluster is 0.91, and industrial cluster on regional economy is 0.93, that means results verify hypothesis relationships between the three of them Finally, according to each path coefficients, providing relevant suggestions for the Shanghai area development of textile and garment market, related industries cluster and regional economy development.展开更多
Sustainable development has been a global issue, which focuses on balancing human needs with the earth＇ s health. In this paper, we construct a model to distinguish the sustainability of a country. To evaluate the s...Sustainable development has been a global issue, which focuses on balancing human needs with the earth＇ s health. In this paper, we construct a model to distinguish the sustainability of a country. To evaluate the sustainability of a country, we select eight metrics based on four aspects： Society, Economics, Ecology and Politics. We use BP neural network to obtain the sustainability ranking and use Grey Relational Analysis to calculate the sustainability scores of 187countries. By combining the ranking and the score, we develop a measure to define whether a country is sustainable or not. The critical point is Maldives, which ranks No. 103 and scores 63.65. As one of least developed countries, Uganda ranks No.164 and scores 48.79, according to our measure. Based on Uganda＇ s society, population, natural resources, etc., we draft a 20-year （2013-2033） sustainable development plan that integrates the social, economic, ecological and political components. The overall goal of the plan is to transform Uganda into a sustainable country and make noticeable progress in the ranking. Furthermore, to analyze changes＇ influence on our plan, we take climate change as an example. The weights of Environment and Health will be modified by climate change, causing a reduction in the growth rate of sustainability score.展开更多
A study was aimed to determine the biological status of the Indus river dolphin, Platanista minor Owen in Indus river with respect to distribution, threats and protection throughout its range in Northern Pakistan. For...A study was aimed to determine the biological status of the Indus river dolphin, Platanista minor Owen in Indus river with respect to distribution, threats and protection throughout its range in Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in an area of 103.5 km including the Indus river and its tributaries in March 2009 for estimating its distribution and population size using both direct observations of the dolphin as well as indirect evidences from its signs. The best group size was estimated with an abundance of 54 dolphins. Approximately 53.7% （1.07 dolphin＆m） of the dolphin-population occurred in 27 km from Miran onward to Ramak, however, 38.9% （0.46 dolphin/km） occurred in 46 km from Dera Ismail （D.I.） Khan bridge to Miran, moreover, 7.4% （0.13 dolphin/kin） occurred in 30.5 km from Saggu, near Meetapur-village to D.I. Khan bridge in the Indus river. The highest density was found between Miran and Ramk. A pronounced increase in dolphin encounter rate and abundance were observed in a downstream-direction. Threats to dolphins include too much vessel-traffic, disturbance by the crane, duck-hunters, and no effective-protection. Dolphins are particularly vulnerable to the high levels of anthropogenic activities because of their restricted habitat. Threats vary geographically in their importance, but generally include accidental killing during fishing-operations, habitat-loss and population-fragmentation from water development. Deliberate killing for dolphin products also threatens the dolphins. Potential for protections and possibilities for dolphin eco-tourism measures must be taken.展开更多
In recent years, the speed of urban development becomes faster and faster with expanding of land construction scale, and a lot of idle lands lead to serious land waste. This paper builds game model by carrying out a m...In recent years, the speed of urban development becomes faster and faster with expanding of land construction scale, and a lot of idle lands lead to serious land waste. This paper builds game model by carrying out a market allocation analysis and applying economic game theory to the analysis of current idle land problem; it gets six kinds of results through analyzing the game model of idle land market, and the final Nash equilibrium is(system innovation, publicly traded) through contrastive to help balance the game relationship between government and the user of idle land and raise some new scientific and rational institutions to serve as future references for effective usage of idle land.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51278333)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20130032110032)
文摘A specialised electrochemical measurement cell was plugged into a pilot water distribution system to simulate the pipe inner-wall corrosion. The linear polarisation resistance(LPR) technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were measured in real time to study the variation of the corrosion rate(CR) and scale of cast iron. Three corrosion stages were observed according to the LPR analysis: an initial stage with significantly fluctuating CR, a developmental stage with slowly decreasing CR, and a stable stage with a low CR of approximately 0.157 5 mm·a^(-1). The EIS revealed that the scales with a compact outer layer and a porous inner layer finally formed in the stable stage, and the polarisation resistance was approximately 2 175 ?·cm^2. A physicochemical analysis of the scales showed that ferric oxides, oxyhydroxides and calcite made the outer layer compact and effectively limited the diffusion of oxygen through the scales, which resulted in a low CR.
文摘China＇s textile and garment markets grown up with the development of reform and opening-up, they＇re well adapted to the national policy and economic environment in each period, and formed a large-scale development, played a positive role in promoting China＇s economy development. This paper has a research on the textile and garment market, industry cluster and regional economy, recognize textile professional market and regional economy as the main research object, industrial cluster as the intermediary variable. Establish textile and garment market, industrial cluster, regional economy as the main trunk of structural equation model and carry on the empirical analysis. From the empirical analysis, this paper find that the coefficient of textile and garment market effecting on industrial cluster is 0.91, and industrial cluster on regional economy is 0.93, that means results verify hypothesis relationships between the three of them Finally, according to each path coefficients, providing relevant suggestions for the Shanghai area development of textile and garment market, related industries cluster and regional economy development.
文摘Sustainable development has been a global issue, which focuses on balancing human needs with the earth＇ s health. In this paper, we construct a model to distinguish the sustainability of a country. To evaluate the sustainability of a country, we select eight metrics based on four aspects： Society, Economics, Ecology and Politics. We use BP neural network to obtain the sustainability ranking and use Grey Relational Analysis to calculate the sustainability scores of 187countries. By combining the ranking and the score, we develop a measure to define whether a country is sustainable or not. The critical point is Maldives, which ranks No. 103 and scores 63.65. As one of least developed countries, Uganda ranks No.164 and scores 48.79, according to our measure. Based on Uganda＇ s society, population, natural resources, etc., we draft a 20-year （2013-2033） sustainable development plan that integrates the social, economic, ecological and political components. The overall goal of the plan is to transform Uganda into a sustainable country and make noticeable progress in the ranking. Furthermore, to analyze changes＇ influence on our plan, we take climate change as an example. The weights of Environment and Health will be modified by climate change, causing a reduction in the growth rate of sustainability score.
文摘A study was aimed to determine the biological status of the Indus river dolphin, Platanista minor Owen in Indus river with respect to distribution, threats and protection throughout its range in Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in an area of 103.5 km including the Indus river and its tributaries in March 2009 for estimating its distribution and population size using both direct observations of the dolphin as well as indirect evidences from its signs. The best group size was estimated with an abundance of 54 dolphins. Approximately 53.7% （1.07 dolphin＆m） of the dolphin-population occurred in 27 km from Miran onward to Ramak, however, 38.9% （0.46 dolphin/km） occurred in 46 km from Dera Ismail （D.I.） Khan bridge to Miran, moreover, 7.4% （0.13 dolphin/kin） occurred in 30.5 km from Saggu, near Meetapur-village to D.I. Khan bridge in the Indus river. The highest density was found between Miran and Ramk. A pronounced increase in dolphin encounter rate and abundance were observed in a downstream-direction. Threats to dolphins include too much vessel-traffic, disturbance by the crane, duck-hunters, and no effective-protection. Dolphins are particularly vulnerable to the high levels of anthropogenic activities because of their restricted habitat. Threats vary geographically in their importance, but generally include accidental killing during fishing-operations, habitat-loss and population-fragmentation from water development. Deliberate killing for dolphin products also threatens the dolphins. Potential for protections and possibilities for dolphin eco-tourism measures must be taken.
基金Supported by Chinese Tobacco Science and Technology Project(YATAS-KJ-040)
文摘In recent years, the speed of urban development becomes faster and faster with expanding of land construction scale, and a lot of idle lands lead to serious land waste. This paper builds game model by carrying out a market allocation analysis and applying economic game theory to the analysis of current idle land problem; it gets six kinds of results through analyzing the game model of idle land market, and the final Nash equilibrium is(system innovation, publicly traded) through contrastive to help balance the game relationship between government and the user of idle land and raise some new scientific and rational institutions to serve as future references for effective usage of idle land.
