分地层法构建声波测井曲线

速度参数是波阻抗反演必不可少的条件,人们通常使用Gardner或Faust公式根据不同岩性选择不同参数进行声波测井曲线的合成,但由于不同地区、不同地层及不同岩性,其计算参数值也不尽相同,因此合成的声波测井曲线难免会产生较大误差,特别是遇到第四系、新近系、古近系及煤层等松软地层时,Gardner公式转换的速度表现为偏低,Faust公式转换的速度往往又较高,严重影响速度参数的正确性。采用密度转换速度和电阻率转换速度分别乘以一个加权系数,再求和的办法可有效减少误差,其加权速度曲线可较好的反映岩性变化,其解释结果更符合钻孔实际地质特征。根据内蒙古鄂尔多斯某区测井资料,在拟合Gardner和Faust公式参数的基础上,使用加权法构建了声波测井曲线,结果表明:加权校正后的速度与实际速度值的平均绝对误差为208.43m/s,平均相对误差为7.76%;加权后修正的地震记录与井旁地震道的拟合度为0.509,远远高于Gardner公式、Faust公式的合成地震记录拟合度。

Functional Assessment of Typical Wetlands in Shangri-La

The development and protection of Shangri-La wetlands in southwestern Yunnan Province is of great significance for the protection of regional biodiversity, ecotourism and regional development. To specify the functions of Shangri-La wetlands, with the help of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), 7 typical wetlands in Shangri-La (Bita Lake Wetland, Napa Lake Wetland, Shudu Lake Wetland, Dazhongdian Wetland, Xiaozhongdian Wetland, Dahei Lake Wetland, Jinsha River Wetland) were selected for the quantitative analysis of 20 indexes in 3 comprehensive assessment layers (service functions, protective functions and production functions). The results showed that Shangri-La wetlands followed the below sequence in function: Bita Lake Wetland (0.811 4), Shudu Lake Wetland (0.739 3), Napa Lake Wetland (0.695 3), Dahei Lake Wetland (0.659 5), Jinsha River Wetland (0.614 3), Dazhongdian Wetland (0.520 4) and Xiaozhongdian Wetland (0.505 2). As single indexes of those wetlands were compared, it was found that values of certain indexes varied greatly, and value differences among 5 of 20 indexes even reached more than 100%, among which that of water supply capacity and tourism recreational value (164.60%) remained the highest, then water supplementation capacity (121.17%) and habitat stability (109.05%), and others varied between 5.58%-91.10%. The assessment results were similar to actual conditions, thus such a method was proved scientific and practical.

Sustainability Assessment and Ranking of Run of the River(RoR) Hydropower Projects Using Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP):A Study from Western Himalayan Region of India

In the present scenario,tapping the unutilised hydropower potential is one of the highest priorities in developing countries of the world.Special emphasis is being imparted to run of the river(RoR)mode of power generation.However,the governments are now facing the dilemma whether to promote small hydropower projects(SHPs) or encourage large hydropower projects(LHPs).RoR large hydropower projects result into large scale cutting of mountains for constructing tunnels and access roads,generation of huge quantity of muck and large scale impact on flora and fauna due to diversion of rivers/streams.On the other hand,though SHPs are claimed to be greener and more sustainable by a section of researchers and energy planners but,they will be required to be set up in large number to generate equivalent amount of electricity.The aim of this study is to rank the most sustainable installed capacity range of RoR hydropower projects.To achieve this aim,the study proposes the use of quite popular multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)method of Operation Research named Analytical Hierarchy Process.A case study has been presented from Himachal Pradesh,a hydro rich state located in the western Himalayan region.As per sustainability assessment carried out in this study,hydropower projects in the capacity range 1 to 5 MW have been ranked to be the most sustainable.

APPLICATION OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS TO ASSESSING THE ECOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY OF WETLANDS IN THE JIANGHAN PLAIN

Wetlands in the Jianghan Plain are important components of wetland types in lake area in the middle and lower reaches the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and they fulfill many uses and functions related to hydrology, waste assimilation, ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. Owing to natural factors and human activities, especially excessive reclamation from lakes, the shrinking process of the lakes has been accelerated. Wetland ecosystem has shown the characteristics of vulnerability. According to the analysis of wetland ecological function in the Jianghan Plain, this paper presented an index system related to productivity, stability and environmental capacity. By using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process, we computed the values of the relative weights of the indexes, and evaluated the vulnerability level of the wetland ecosystem by the method of multi-indexes. The case study showed that the fragile extent of wetland ecosystem in the Jianghan Plain is 5.6. This means that the wetland ecosystem in the Jianghan Plain is laid to the state of middle vulnerability. Therefore, the wetland conservation and eco-rehabilitation in the Jianghan Plain should be paid attention to.

Optimum mining method selection using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process–Qapiliq salt mine,Iran

Mining method selection is the first and the most critical problem in mine design and depends on some parameters such as geotechnical and geological features and economic and geographic factors. In this paper, the factors affecting mining method selection are determined. These factors include shape, thick- ness, depth, slope, RMR and RSS of the orebody, RMR and RSS of the hanging wall and footwall. Then, the priorities of these factors are calculated. In order to calculate the priorities of factors and select the best mining method for Qapiliq salt mine, Iran, based on these priorities, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process （AHP） technique is used. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and was given to the associated experts. Finally, after a comparison carried out based on the effective factors, between the four mining methods including area mining, room and pillar, cut and fill and stope and pillar methods, the stope and nillar mining method was selected as the most suitable method to this mine.

Risk assessment study on bridge foundation in deep overlying stratum

Based on the analysis about the hydrogeological conditions and engineering geological conditions, this paper makes analysis on the possible risks of the deep overlying stratum foundation and establishes the risk evaluation index system during the foundation operating period. Such methods as analytic hierarchy process （AHP） , Delphi method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are adopted to make the quantitative analysis on the risk factors and establish the risk judgment model. According to the actual engineering of Taizhou Bridge, the paper evaluates the risk of the foundation during the operating period at the condition of deep overlying stratum. The evaluation results can provide the reference for the risk management of the bridge foundation durin~ the ooerating period.

A global network model of the earth＇s health

In this paper, the major objective is to build a global dynamic network model to assess the global health condition .First use the PSR model and Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） to calculate the internal health status of some regions, and then establish a global network model which links each region together to figure out the global health status. Finally, taking the human influence into consideration, the degree of the earth＇s health can be figured out in a more accurate way.

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Suitability of Agricultural Land in Myanmar

Myanmar is a country with an economy based on agriculture.It has rich agricultural resources and great potential for development.The development of agriculture in Myanmar is becoming increasingly important to international food security.Assessments of agricultural land resources in Myanmar are the basis for the country's agricultural development and for food security evaluations.In this paper we used the MaxEnt model to analyze the relationship between the suitability of land for agricultural reclamation and the main environmental variables in Myanmar,and then constructed a model to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of land for agriculture in Myanmar.The results show that:1)the overall accuracy of the MaxEnt model is high (AUC>0.8),which means there is a high correlation between the database of selected environmental indicators and the true distribution of cultivated land in Myanmar.2)Soil depth is the most important factor affecting the suitability of land for agriculture in Myanmar When the thickness of soil layer is less than 100 cm,the suitability of land for agriculture is low.With respect to topographic conditions,slope is the main factor affecting suitability.When the slope is greater than 20 degrees,the suitability of land for agriculture is low.With respect to climate conditions,precipitation is the main influencing factor. There is a positive correlation between river network density and land suitability.3)Currently,400000 km^2 of the land resources in Myanmar are suitable for agriculture,and of this amount 290000km^2 are highly suitable,accounting for nearly 40% of the country's land area.The highly suitable land is distributed mainly in Magway,Sagaing,Ayeyarwady and Yangon provinces.The provinces are also important grain production areas in Myanmar,and this serves to validate the effectiveness of the method used in this paper.