Objective In kinesin-3,the neck coil correlates with the following segments to form an extended neck that contains a characteristic hinge diverse from a proline in KIF13B to a long flexible linker in KIF1A.The functio...Objective In kinesin-3,the neck coil correlates with the following segments to form an extended neck that contains a characteristic hinge diverse from a proline in KIF13B to a long flexible linker in KIF1A.The function of this neck hinge for controlling processive movement,however,remains unclear.Methods We made a series of modifications to the neck hinges of KIF13B and KIF1A and tested their movement using a single-molecule motility assay.Results In KIF13B,the insertion of flexible residues before or after the proline differentially impacts the processivity or velocity,while the removal of this proline increases the both.In KIF1A,the deletion of entire flexible neck hinge merely enhances the processivity.The engineering of these hinge-truncated necks of kinesin-3 into kinesin-1 similarly boosts the processive movement of kinesin-1.Conclusion The neck hinge in kinesin-3 controls its processive movement and proper modifications tune the motor motility,which provides a novel strategy to reshape the processive movement of kinesin motors.展开更多
Every compressor works in a limited operational range. Surge as one of the sources of this limitation has been studied for many years. In this research, an isolated blade row of compressor rotor is numerically modeled...Every compressor works in a limited operational range. Surge as one of the sources of this limitation has been studied for many years. In this research, an isolated blade row of compressor rotor is numerically modeled and solved. In order to improve operational limit and postpone the surge occurrence, a stepped blade of RAF6E with higher stall angle of attack is used to investigate the near stall flow behavior. In this study, several location of step on blades are tried and the results are compared with the case with no step on blades. It is shown that, as the step moves toward the leading edge of blades, the effect of delay on surge is reduced and even efficiency is also decreased significantly. By moving the step towards the trailing edge, surge is delayed due to the reattachment of flow after the step. Efficiency is also decreased but not in the order of the previous case.展开更多
文摘Objective In kinesin-3,the neck coil correlates with the following segments to form an extended neck that contains a characteristic hinge diverse from a proline in KIF13B to a long flexible linker in KIF1A.The function of this neck hinge for controlling processive movement,however,remains unclear.Methods We made a series of modifications to the neck hinges of KIF13B and KIF1A and tested their movement using a single-molecule motility assay.Results In KIF13B,the insertion of flexible residues before or after the proline differentially impacts the processivity or velocity,while the removal of this proline increases the both.In KIF1A,the deletion of entire flexible neck hinge merely enhances the processivity.The engineering of these hinge-truncated necks of kinesin-3 into kinesin-1 similarly boosts the processive movement of kinesin-1.Conclusion The neck hinge in kinesin-3 controls its processive movement and proper modifications tune the motor motility,which provides a novel strategy to reshape the processive movement of kinesin motors.
文摘Every compressor works in a limited operational range. Surge as one of the sources of this limitation has been studied for many years. In this research, an isolated blade row of compressor rotor is numerically modeled and solved. In order to improve operational limit and postpone the surge occurrence, a stepped blade of RAF6E with higher stall angle of attack is used to investigate the near stall flow behavior. In this study, several location of step on blades are tried and the results are compared with the case with no step on blades. It is shown that, as the step moves toward the leading edge of blades, the effect of delay on surge is reduced and even efficiency is also decreased significantly. By moving the step towards the trailing edge, surge is delayed due to the reattachment of flow after the step. Efficiency is also decreased but not in the order of the previous case.
